• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.25-37
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• 2013

Open biomass burning (excluding biofuels) is an important contributor to air pollution in the Asian region. Estimation of emissions from fires, however, has been problematic, primarily because of uncertainty in the size and location of sources and in their temporal and spatial variability. Hence, more comprehensive tools to estimate wildfire emissions and that can characterize their temporal and spatial variability are needed. Furthermore, an emission processing system that can generate speciated, gridded, and temporally allocated emissions is needed to support air-quality modeling studies over Asia. For these reasons, a biomass-burning emissions modeling system based on satellite imagery was developed to better account for the spatial and temporal distributions of emissions. The BlueSky Framework, which was developed by the USDA Forest Service and US EPA, was used to develop the Asian biomass-burning emissions modeling system. The sub-models used for this study were the Fuel Characteristic Classification System (FCCS), CONSUME, and the Emissions Production Model (EPM). Our domain covers not only Asia but also Siberia and part of central Asia to assess the large boreal fires in the region. The MODIS fire products and vegetation map were used in this study. Using the developed modeling system, biomass-burning emissions were estimated during April and July 2008, and the results were compared with previous studies. Our results show good to fair agreement with those of GFEDv3 for most regions, ranging from 9.7 % in East Asia to 52% in Siberia. The SMOKE modeling system was combined with this system to generate three-dimensional model-ready emissions employing the fire-plume rise algorithm. This study suggests a practicable and maintainable methodology for supporting Asian air-quality modeling studies and to help understand the impact of air-pollutant emissions on Asian air quality.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.23-33
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• 2009

In order to help them to use the Internet properly, a study on development and application of Internet-addiction healing program using video communications was conducted and proved fruitful. The eight-session program was performed on students categorized into the high risk group for about three weeks(three times a week). After the completion of the program, the students took a self-test and the changes of the scores were analyzed. Furthermore, qualitative analysis was performed on counseling process to compensate for the reliability reduction posed by limited sampling. This study can be summarized as follows. First, the symptoms of teen Internet addiction were alleviated. The effectiveness of the application of the program was verified by the fact that all the subjects were categorized into the general user group from the high risk group. Second, in the six sub-regions of the Internet-addiction self-testing, the scores changed positively. Third, the students were actively engaged in the counseling process due to the fact that the Internet addiction healing program by means of video communications had aroused their interests.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.112-122
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• 2009

In this paper, we present a novel space-frequency adaptive image restoration approach using vaguelette-wavelet decomposition (VWD). The proposed algorithm classifies a degraded image into flat and edge regions by using spatial information of the wavelet coefficient. For reducing the noise we perform an adaptive wavelet shrinkage process. At edge region candidates, we adopt entropy approach for estimating the noise and remove it by using relative between sub-bands. After shrinking wavelet coefficients process, we restore the degraded image using the VWD. The proposed algorithm can reduce the noise without affecting the sharpness details. Based on the experimental results, the proposed algorithm efficiently proved to be able to restore the degraded image while preserving details.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.67-86
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• 2007

This study is about the drunken drivers' accident patterns and behavior and aims at providing basic data for developing measures to secure safety against accidents by drunken drivers and programs to cultivate good drinking habits. For this purpose, this study conducted a questionnaire of 800 persons over 20 years of age in the selected 20 companies with more than 30 employees in the 4 regions(Daegu, Masan, Changwon, and Jinhae) and analysed the 653 sheets except invalid ones among the returned 673 survey sheets in total(return rate 84.13%), and the researcher conducted a man-to-man interview with each subject from June 20th to July 31st 2006. The result are as the following. As the experience of causing an accident by drinking, the 79.1% of them had the experience, and in case of the subjects with excessive drinking over 4 times a year, the rate of the accident by drinking showed as high as 90.5%. As the patterns of accidents, in male subjects, violence(38.5%) and traffic accidents(37.1%) showed high, while in the female, hurts from falls and fall accidents(40.2%) were found be high. In case of the traffic accidents among the accidents by drinking, the rate of causing serious damage to the life was found to be 89.3%, so it showed that the traffic accidents caused by drinking were influencing on the life much. In conclusion, the drinking problem may be controlled by each individual's will, but without change of social environment and system around people, the problem can not be eradicated. Therefore there should be social infrastructure which can help people to actively live their life with exercises and hobbies, and in order to prevent the reoccurrence of a drink accident, and social structure in which there are education programs for drink accident causers and one can change the perception about drinking culture, should be formed.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.30-42
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• 2018

Background: The southern and eastern parts of the Gobi Desert area are a unique dry ecosystem with a diverse regional desert, semi-desert, and mountain dry steppe flora. This area habitat is located at the overlap of different floristic regions; on its northeast side, Central Asian desert flora is dominating, and on the eastern side, East Asian flora is observed. The comprehensive survey was carried out to find the floral diversity of the medicinal plants on the region. Methods: All recorded species in this study were based on the collected voucher specimens between June and August in the year 2017. Results: We recorded 23 families, 57 genera, and 78 species of vascular plants. The families Asteraceae (15 species), Fabaceae (10 species), and Amaranthaceae (10 species) were represented most in the study area, while Caragana (5 species), Salsola (4 species), and Arnebia (3 species) were the most common genera found. Conclusion: Conservation status for remarkable species was also reviewed based on the literature. Around the study area, 24 species as "sub-endemic," 10 species as "very rare," 4 species as "rare," 1 species as "alien," 13 species as "relict," 10 species as "Red Book," 2 species as "endangered (EN)," 3 species as "vulnerable (VU)," 3 species as "near threatened (NT)," and 2 species as "least concern (LC)" plants are growing.

• BMB Reports
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.95-99
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• 2007

Bovine coding region single nucleotide polymorphisms located proximal to quantitative trait loci were identified to facilitate bovine QTL fine mapping research. A total of 692,763 bovine SNPs was extracted from 39,432 UniGene clusters, and 53,446 candidate SNPs were found to be a depth >3. In order to validate the in silico SNPs experimentally, 186 animals representing 14 breeds and 100 mixed breeds were analyzed. Genotyping of 40 randomly selected candidate SNPs revealed that 43% of these SNPs ranged in frequency from 0.009 to 0.498. To identify non-synonymous SNPs and to correct for possible frameshift errors in the ESTs at the predicted SNP positions, we designed a program that determines coding regions by protein-sequence referencing, and identified 17,735 nsSNPs. The SNPs and bovine quantitative traits loci informations were integrated into a bovine SNP data: BcSNPdb (http://snugenome.snu.ac.kr/BtcSNP/). Currently there are 43 different kinds of quantitative traits available. Thus, these SNPs would serve as valuable resources for exploiting genomic variation that influence economically and agriculturally important traits in cows.

• BMB Reports
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• v.42 no.8
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• pp.529-534
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• 2009

Marbling score (MS) is the major trait that affects carcass quality in beef cattle. In this study, we investigated the association between genetic polymorphisms of the adipose differentiation-related protein gene (ADFP) and carcass traits in Korean cattle (also known as Hanwoo). Using direct DNA sequencing in 24 unrelated Korean cattle, 25 novel polymorphisms were identified within all exons and their flanking regions of ADFP, including the promoter region (1.5 kb). Among them, 21 polymorphic sites were selected for genotyping in the beef cattle (n = 425). Statistical analyses revealed that one promoter polymorphism (c.-56-18A > G) was associated with MS (P = 0.009). The 'A' allele of c.-56-18A > G exerted a lowering effect on MS, e.g., the lowest MS was found in 'A/A' (MS = 2.09 ${\pm}$ 1.23), intermediate in 'A/G' (MS = 2.11 ${\pm}$ 1.31), and the highest in 'G/G' (MS = 2.47 ${\pm}$ 1.47). Our findings suggest that these polymorphisms in ADFP might be important genetic factors involved in carcass quality in beef cattle.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 2017

Due to the climate change, damages of human life and property caused by natural disaster have recently been increasing consistently. In South Korea, total damage by natural disasters over 20 years from 1994 to 2013 is about 1.0 million dollars. The 13% of total damage caused by heavy snow. This is smaller amount than the damage by heavy rainfall or typhoon, but still could cause severe damage in the society. In this study, the snow damage in Gangwon region was estimated using climate variables (daily maximum snow depth, relative humidity, minimum temperature) and scoio-economic variables (Farm population density, GRDP). Multiple regression analysis with enter method was applied to estimate snow damage. As the results, adjusted R-square is above 0.7 in some sub-regions and shows the good applicability although the extreme values are not predicted well. The developed model might be applied for the prompt disaster response.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.205-226
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• 2015

Finite element method (FEM) is an effective quantitative method to solve complex engineering problems. The basic idea of FEM for a complex problem is to be able to find a solution by reducing the problem made simple. If mathematical tools are inadequate to obtain precise result, even approximate result, FEM is the only method that can be used for structural analyses. In FEM, the domain is divided into a large number of simple, small and interconnected sub-regions called finite elements. FEM has been used commonly for linear and nonlinear analyses of different types of structures to give us accurate results of plane stress and plane strain problems in civil engineering area. In this paper, FEM is used to investigate stress analysis of a shear wall which is subjected to concentrated loads and fundamental principles of stress analysis of the shear wall are presented by using matrix displacement method in this paper. This study is consisting of two parts. In the first part, the shear wall is discretized with constant strain triangular finite elements and stiffness matrix and load vector which is attained from external effects are calculated for each of finite elements using matrix displacement method. As to second part of the study, finite element analysis of the shear wall is made by ANSYS software program. Results obtained in the second part are presented with tables and graphics, also results of each part is compared with each other, so the performance of the matrix displacement method is demonstrated. The solutions obtained by using the proposed method show excellent agreements with the results of ANSYS. The results show that this method is effective and preferable for the stress analysis of shell structures. Further studies should be carried out to be able to prove the efficiency of the matrix displacement method on the solution of plane stress problems using different types of structures.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.31 no.2 s.257
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• pp.277-284
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• 2007

The steam generator in a nuclear power plant is a large heat exchanger that uses heat from a reactor to generate steam to drive the turbine generator. Rupture of a steam generator tube can result in release of fission products to environment outside. Therefore, an accurate integrity assessment of the steam generator tubes with cracks is of great importance for maintaining the safety of a nuclear power plant. The steam generator tubes are supported at regular intervals by support plates and rotations of the tubes are restrained. Although it has been reported that the limit load for a circumferential crack is significantly affected by boundary condition of the tube, existing limit load solutions do not consider the restraining effect of support plate correctly. In addition, there are no limit load solutions for circumferential cracks in U-bend region with the effect of the support plate. This paper provides detailed limit load solutions for circumferential cracks in top of tube sheet and the U-bend regions of the steam generator tube with the actual boundary conditions to simulate the restraining effect of the support plate. Such solutions are developed based on three dimensional finite element analyses. The resulting limit load solutions are given in a polynomial form, and thus can be simply used in practical integrity assessment of the steam generator tubes.