• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.569-584
• /
• 1993

This study was done to verify validity of nursing diagnoses related to difficulty in respiratory function. First, content validity was examined by an expert group considering the etiology and the signs / symptoms of three nursing diagnoses - ineffective airway clearance, ineffective breathing pattern, impaired gas exchange. Second, clinical validity was examined by comparing the frequencies of the etiologies and signs / symptoms of the three nursing diagnoses in clinical case studies with the results of the content validity. This study was a descriptive study. The sample consisted of 23 experts (professors, head nurses and clinical instructors) who had had a variety of experiences using nursing diagnoses in clinical practice, and 102 case reports done by senior student nurses of the college of nursing of Y-university. These reports were part of their clinical practice in the ICU. The instrument used for this study was a checklist for etiologies and signs and symptoms based on the literature, Doenges and Moorhouse (1988), Kim, McFarland, McLane (1991), Lee Won Hee et al. (1987), Kim Cho Ja et at. (1988). The data was collected over four month period from May 1992 to Aug. 1992. Data were analyzed using frequencies done with the SPSS / PC＋ package. The results of this study are summarized as follows : 1. General Characteristics of the Expert Group A bachelor degree was held by 43.5% and a master or doctoral degree by 56.5% of the expert group. The average age of the expert group was 35.3 years. Their average clinical experience was 9.3 years and their average experience in clinical practice was 5.9 years. The general characteristics of the patients showed that there were more women than men, that the age range was from 1 to over 80. Most of their medical diagnoses were diagnoses related to the respiratory. system, circulation or neurologic system, and 50% or more of them had a ventilator with intubation or a tracheostomy. The number of cases for each nursing diagnoses was : · Ineffective airway clearance, 92 cases. · Ineffective breathing pattern, 18 cases. · Impaired gas exchange, 22 cases. 2. The opinion of the expert group as to the classification of the etiology, and signs and symptoms of the three nursing diagnoses was as follows : · In 31.8% of the cases the classification of etiology was clear. · In 22.7%, the classification of signs and symptoms was clear. · In 17.4%, the classification of nursing interventions was clear. 3. In the expert group 80% or mere agreed to ‘dysp-nea’as a common sign and symptom of the three nursing diagnoses. The distinguishing signs and symptoms of (Ineffective airway clearance) were ‘sputum’, ‘cough’, ‘abnormal respiratory sounds : rales’. The distinguishing sings and symptoms of (Ineffective breathing pattern) were ‘tachypnea’, ‘use of accessory muscle of respiration’, ‘orthopnea’ and for (Impaired gas exchange) it was ‘abnormal arterial blood gas’, 4. The distribution of etiology, and signs and symptoms of the three nursing diagnoses was as follows : · There was a high frequency of ‘increased secretion from the bronchus and trachea’ in both the expert group and the case reports as the etiology of ineffective airway clearance. · For the etiologies for ineffective breathing pat-tern, ‘rain’, ‘anxiety’, ‘fear’, ‘obstructions of the tract, ca and bronchus’ had a high ratio in the ex-pert group and ‘decreased expansion of lung’ in the case reports. · For the etiologies for impaired gas exchanges, ‘altered oxygen -carrying capacity of the blood’ and ‘excess accumulation of interstitial fluid in lung’ had a high ratio in the expert group and ‘altered oxygen supply’ in the case reports. · For signs and symptoms for ineffective airway clearance, ‘dyspnea’, ‘altered amount and character of sputum’ were included by 100% of the expert group. ‘Abnormal respiratory. sound(rate, rhonchi)’ were included by a high ratio of the expert group. · For the signs and symptoms for ineffective breathing pattern. ‘dyspnea’, ‘shortness of breath’ were included by 100% of the expert group. In the case reports, ‘dyspnea’ and ‘tachypnea’ were reported as signs and symptoms. · For the sign and symptoms for impaired gas exchange, ‘hypoxia’ and ‘cyanosis’ had a high ratio in the expert group. In the case report, ‘hypercapnia’, ‘hypoxia’ and ‘inability to remove secretions’ were reported as signs and symptoms. In summary, the similarity of the etiologies and signs and symptoms of the three nursing diagnoses related to difficulty in respiratory function makes it difficult to distinguish among them But the clinical validity of three nursing diagnoses was established through this study, and at last one sign and symp-tom was defined for each diagnosis.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
• /
• 제4권
• /
• pp.101-126
• /
• 1990

At early Cheong (淸) dynasty, in medical aspect by dependent on practical studying attitude that must found a theory only by an evidence, there had been a tendancy that hoped direct research of sages' mind-eye by escaping the theory of individual classes since Geum-Won (金-元) dynasty. Yoo Chang (喩昌), born in Man-Ryeok (萬曆) 12th year of Myung (明) dynasty (A.D.1583) and dead in Gang-Hee (康熙) 3rd year of Cheong (淸) dynasty (A.D.1664). The results were as follows after studying his practical idea of medicine. 1. Yoo Chang, by recognizing the ${\ll}$Sang-Han-Ro${\gg}$ has lost its true meaning after commented by Wang Hee (王熙), Lim Eog (林億), Seong Moo-I (成無巳), etc. according to Bang Yoo-Jip's (方有執) Chak-Gan-Jung-Jeong (錯簡重訂) theory, he diversified the protocal of ${\ll}$Sang-Han-Ro${\gg}$ 397 method and arranged under Six Meridian part. (六經) 2. The theory of Sam-Gang-Jeong-Rip (三綱鼎立) can be summerized Gye-Ji (桂枝) syndrome which is the case of Wind (風) has injured Wi (衛) stage, Ma-hwang (麻黃) syndrome which is the case of Cold (寒) has injured Yeong (榮) stage, Dae-Cheong-Ryong (大靑龍) syndrome which is the case both of Wind-Cold (風寒) has injured Yeong-Wi (榮衛) stage, and there has been Sam-Gang-Jeong-Rip theory by anterior medical practitioners already but the person who formally used its Sam-Gang-Jeong-Rip term is Yoo Chang. 3. Yoo Chang seized the On Byeng (溫病) by dividing three category and in Byon-Jeung-Si-Chi (辨證施治) he influenced to many aspect of establishment of later Byon-Jeung system On-Byong (溫病의 辨證體系) pertaining to Triple-Warmer by O-Dang (吳瑭) introducing Triple-Wanner Theory. (三焦理論) 4. At Chu-Jo-Ron (秋燥論) of ${\ll}$EUi-Moon-Beop-Ryo${\gg}$, while ${\ll}$Nae-Gyeong${\gg}$ describing if humidity injury Lung, then occur a disorder in it, Yoo Chang recognized that of au tuam when dryness injure Lung there occure a disorder is it so he insisted that at this case, must use Cheong-Joe-Goo-Pye method (淸操救肺法) withherbs, pertaing to Gam-Yoo-Ja-Yoon(甘柔滋潤性) property and he invented Cheong-Joe-Goo-Pye-Tang. (淸操救肺湯) 5. Yoo Chang', so called, Dae-Gi (大氣) indicates Yang-Gi (陽氣) of chest, he insisted that man's creation and every physiological activity depends on maintainence of Dae-Gi, and it integrate Yeong-Gi (榮氣), Wea-Gi (衛氣), Jong-Gi (宗氣), Jang-Boo-Ji-Gi (臟腑之氣), Gyeong-Rak-Ji-Gi. (經絡之氣) 6. Yoo Chang's expression about partical function and character of stomach, not only bolster its theory of historical physician's expression, that is stomach is. foundatness of postnatal period, but also it has corresponding aspect with modern medicine and clinic. 7. Yoo Chang emphasized "if one cure a disease, be must understood the character of disease first and use drugs later" (先議病 後用藥) phrase about of drug usage, and his theory of Geup-Rew-Man-Joo method (急流挽舟) and three therapy of Simple Ascite (單腹腸) are all unique opinion based upon this phrase mentioned above. 8. Yoo Chang's practical idea of medicine greatly influenced to Jang Ro (張璐), Hwang Won-A (黃元御), Oh Eui-Rak (吳儀洛), Joo Yang-Joon (周揚俊), etc. and theory of Sam-Gang-Jeng-Rip (三綱鼎立), Triple Warmer Theory of On Byong (溫疫의 三焦論治), Chu-Jo-Ron (秋燥論), Dae-Gi-Ron (大氣論) etc. became important object to student of Sang-Han (傷寒) and On-Byeng. (溫病) 9. Yoo Chang's Writings has more practical meaning than other physician's, especially, later the idea of Sang-Han (傷寒) and On-Byong (溫病) greatly contributed to development of Sang-Han theory and formation of On-Byong theory.

• 치위생과학회지
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.265-271
• /
• 2015

본 연구는 치위생과 졸업예정자들의 직업의식 및 취업가치관에 관련된 현황을 조사함으로써 학생들의 진로, 취업준비에 관한 이해를 도울 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 대학이나 기관에서 보다 효과적인 진로지도 및 취업지도를 실시하기 위한 정보로 활용하고자 실시하였다. 연구 대상자의 직업의식으로는 전문직종에 관한 질문에는 '구강보건향상의 일익을 담당하는 직업이다', 학술관련으로는 '치석제거는 치과의사보다 더 잘해야 한다고 생각한다'가 가장 높게 나타났고, 대인관계 부분에서는 '동료와의 화목은 업무효율성과 밀접한 관계가 있다', 근로윤리에서는 '치과병(의)원 발전과 치과위생사 발전은 관련성이 있다고 생각한다.'가 높게 나왔다. 취업가치관으로 치과위생사의 직업전망은 조금 발전적이다 55.2%, 지금과 차이가 없을 것이다 27.4% 순으로 나타났으며, 취업희망기관으로는 치과병원 43.2%, 치과의원 24.3% 순으로 나타났다. 전공분야로 취업을 원하는 경우 90.5%, 아직 고민 중으로 답한 경우 9.5%이고, 전공분야로 취업을 원하는 이유로는 보수와 근로환경이 좋다고 생각한다. 24.0%, 치과위생사의 장래성이 밝기 때문 22.1% 순으로 나타났다. 전공분야로 취업을 고민 하는 이유로는 적성과 흥미에 맞지 않아서 5.4%, 보수와 근로환경이 열악해서 1.9% 순으로 나타났다. 연구대상자의 전공만족도가 높을수록 직업의식 부분에서 전문직종의식과 근로윤리의식에서 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났고(p<0.05), 직업의식의 영역간 상관관계를 살펴본 결과 모두 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계(p<0.01)로 나타나 네 가지 유형 중 어느 한 가지의 특성이 높으면 다른 특성들도 모두 높으며, 전반적인 직업의식 또한 높은 것으로 나타났다. 결과에 따라 전공시간에 전문직 태도 및 직무를 효율적으로 수행하여야 하며 확대된 역할을 수행하기 위해서는 좀 더 적극적이고 긍정적인 마음가짐이 필요하다는 것이 습득되었고, 자신의 업무는 사회적으로 중요한 역할이라는 인식이 고취될 수 있는 교육과정이 필요하며, 인문학적 소양을 키울 수 있는 교육과정 등이 이루어져야 할 필요가 있다고 판단된다.

• 영재교육연구
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.65-94
• /
• 2003

본 연구는 과학 고등학교 선발 과정의 개선을 위한 기초 연구로서 현행 과학 고등학교 선발과정을 분석하여 선발 현황을 파악하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 먼저 선발 전형의 응시자격, 응시절차, 선발절차, 선발준거 등의 요인에 대한 타당성을 분석하였으며 한성과학고등학교 2학년 학생들을 대상으로 전형종류와 입학 성적, 학교에서의 성취도 및 진로 선택 결과 사이의 연관성을 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 학생들의 수학·과학 과목의 내신 성적 및 학생 개인에 대한 담당 교사들의 평가 결과를 분석하였다. 또한 기존 선발 도구로 사용한 선발 문항을 분석하였다. 선발 절차에 대한 분석 결과, 성적 중심의 응시자격으로 인해 수학·과학의 성장 가능성이 큰 학생들의 응시기 회가 박탈될 수 있다는 문제점이 도출되었다. 또한 과학고에서의 학업 성취도 및 진로 선택 상황을 볼 때, 인지 능력뿐만 아니라 성격이나 태도의 측면을 포함하는 다면적인 평가를 실시하여야 하며 교사의 지속적인 관찰 결과가 평가의 중요한 요소가 되어야 한다는 것을 확인하였다. 한편, 선발고사 문항은 발산적 사고와 다양한 탐구 기능을 요구하는 문항이 더 많이 개발될 필요가 있으며 다양한 교과 내용에서 출제될 필요가 있다는 점을 개선점으로 확인하였다. 또한 가능하면 선수학습의 효과를 최소화 할 수 있도록 문항이 개발되어야 하며 학생들의 관심과 능력이 다양하기 때문에 모든 전형 요소를 합산하기보다는 다단계 전형을 위한 여러 줄 세우기의 방식이 바람직하며 이를 위해서는 학생의 창의력과 성장 잠재력을 정확하게 측정하는 선발체제를 새로 개발하는 것이 필요하다는 결론을 얻었다.AM-1의 발현은 신 손상 특히 사구체 손상의 정도를 잘 반영하고 있으며 예후 인자로서도 유용하게 이용할 수 있다고 생각한다.으로는 1-2년 이내에 17% 정도가 혈뇨의 소실을 보였으며, 추적관찰 기간 중 신부전으로 진행하는 경우는 한 례도 없었다. 결론: 무증상성 혈뇨를 진단, 치료함에 있어 진행성 신질환의 가능성을 시사하는 예후인자가 없다면 신생검보다는 지속적이고 정기적인 추적관찰만으로도 충분할 것으로 생각된다도 등은 양군 사이에 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 발견 당시 혈청 $C_3$치의 감소는 모두 11명(61.1%)에서 관찰되었는데, 증상군에서는 7명(87.5%), 집단뇨검사군에서는 4명(40%)으로 증상군에서 혈청 $C_3$치의 감소가 보다 현저하였다. 그러나 추적관찰 기간 동안 증상군에서는 7명 중 4명, 집단뇨검사군에서는 4명 중 1명에서 혈청 $C_3$치는 정상범위로 증가하여 최종 관찰시점에서는 6명 (33.3%)에서만 혈청 $C_3$치의 감소가 지속되고 있다. 혈청 $C_3$치의 감소를 보인 경우를 다시 병리조직학적 분류에 의해 세분하여보면 발병당시에는 I형 8명(61.5%), II형에 1명(100%), III형 2명(50%)에서 관찰되었는데, 최종 시점에서는 I형 4명(30.8%), II형 1명(100%), III형 1명(33.3%)이었다. 또한 증상군에서 세포성 반월체형성과 세뇨관위축의 빈도가 높았으며, 사구체 혈관벽 비후와 사구체 간질의 증가의 정도가 집단뇨검사군에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
• /
• 제41권2호
• /
• pp.145-154
• /
• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 2022 교육과정 개정을 앞두고 고등학교 과학과 선택과목 구성에 관한 교사들의 인식을 조사하고 고교학점제 전면시행에 대비한 2022 개정 과학과 교육과정 선택과목 구성에 관한 시사점을 도출하려는 것이다. 이를 위해 전국에 분포한 고등학교들이 고르게 포함되도록 지역별로 분배하여 표집대상으로 선정하여 설문조사를 실시하였으며 총 192개 학교의 과학교사가 설문에 응답하였다. 또한 과학과 선택과목 재구조화에 대한 심도있는 의견을 조사하기 위해 12명의 고등학교 과학 교사들을 초점집단으로 선정하여 심층 면담을 실시하였다. 주요 연구결과를 살펴보면, 설문조사에서 129명(67.2%)의 과학 교사가 현행 2015 교육과정의 과학과 선택과목 체제를 유지해야 한다고 응답하였다. 한편, 현행 선택과목 체제 유지에 반대하는 이유로는 II과목이 생활과 과학 등의 교양 과목 성격의 교과와 진로선택과목에 함께 묶여 있는 것이 적절하지 않으며, 전체적으로 학생들의 과학과 선택과목 기피가 심화되었고, II과목은 진로선택과목임에도 수능 선택과목으로 포함되어 있어 교육과정과 수능의 연계성이 떨어진다고 교사들은 응답하였다. 2022개정 교육과정에서 선택과목을 구성할 때 고려해야 할 점으로는 기존처럼 과학 I·II의 내용을 모두 포함하도록 일반선택과목을 구성하여 과학영역별 전체 내용을 접할 기회를 제공해야 하고, 학점제에 대비하여 학생 선택권을 보장할 수 있도록 다양한 과학과 선택과목을 편성·운영해야 한다는 의견이 가장 높게 나타났다. 심층면담 결과를 보면, 현재의 과학 I과목 체제는 과목 수가 적은 만큼 과학의 내용영역을 최대한 많이 접하게 할 수 있고, 물리학과 같이 개념의 위계와 체계가 중요한 과목은 쪼개기보다는 한 과목 안에서 중요한 내용을 다뤄야 한다는 의견이 많았다. 한편, 현재의 I과목 체제에서는 문과 진로적성인 학생들이 선택할만한 과목이 없으며, 4개의 과목만으로는 선택권이 충분히 보장되지 않는다는 측면에서 내용영역별로 과목을 세분화하자는 의견도 제시되었다. 연구결과를 토대로 고교학점제 취지를 고려한 고등학교 과학과 선택과목 편성의 필요성, 진로적성을 막론하고 모든 학생들을 위한 과목으로 과학과 융합선택과목을 구성하는 방안, 과학과 진로선택과목 구성 방안, 대입 제도와의 연계성을 고려한 고등학교 과학과 선택과목 편성·운영 방안 등을 제안하였다.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.16-42
• /
• 1978

This survey was made for a month starting from November 15 to December 15, 1977 covering 711 students taking the junior. (3rd-yea.) and the senior. (4th-year) at nine college of nursing in Seoul concerning their perception and Attitude toward the profession of nursing, motive for the necessity of learning, environment of study, attitude of study and particulars relevant with study performance, particulars of library, references and reading, assignments and particulars of the degree of confidence for the learning achievement. Through the survey of the above Particulars, the following results were obtained by classifying all subject matters and by analysing motive of the selection of their course, awarding or not awarding of scholarships. 1. General characteristics: it was revealed that 406 students (57.1%) were attending at the junior. while 305 students (42.9%) were taking the senior. Thus, the total number was 711 and their average age was 21.4 years. Their dwelling category was; 73.9 percent of them resided at their parent's home, 214 students (30.1%) were awarded with scholarships. The reason to be attracted by nursing science was the possibility of continuing social life after graduation (43.5%). 2. Their perception and attitude toward the profession of nursing: According to the perception of profession by the students of each grade, students of the 4th grade showed comparatively strong conception. Also, students of the 4th grade showed more positive attitude in the purchase and reading of magazines relative with the science of nursing, in the reading of Code for Nurses and in their interest in the activity of nursing field. For the necessity of mission of nurse, 97.7 percent of the entire number of students covered responded to necessity. For the necessity of the particular humanity and particularity in the character of nurses, 95.8 percent of those students responded to necessity. By the each grade, students of the 4th grade showed more response. 3. As to professional field desired after completing the professional course: 57 percent of those students desired for clinician nurse while 55 percents desired for community health-nurse. 4. As to the environment of study: they were mostly satisfied with their present residential environment. However, they complained of inconvenience at their lecture-halls. Students of the 3rd grade showed more complain. As to their attitude toward the adjustment of environment of study, they showed a affirmative response. As to the opinion of factors which interfere with their study, comparatively strong response was showed in their scepticism in the science of nursing, insufficient comprehension in general learning, relation with professors n4 discrepancy in the method of study. According to opinions of students at each grade, students of the 4th grade showed more scepticism. 5. Particulars relative with their attitude and performance of study : As to their knowledge of the objectives of their study of subject, the majority was to study with a partial knowledge of the objectives of their study. As to the plan of study, a low percentage indicated management of routine life under regular scheduling. Students of the 4th grade responded to rather planned life. As to time spent in independent study, response to concentrated study when necessary was stronger than that to regular daily study. Students of the 4th grade showed stronger response to regular study than that of the 3rd grade. As to the contents of their note-taking, 67.4 percents of those students responded to such regulatory procedure performing in the lecture-hall as they listen to lectures. 17.3 percents of those students showed response to adding supplementary informations from references to what was entered in choir note-taking at their lecture-halls. 6. Particulars of library, references and reading books: As to receiving of instruction for the utilization of library and time of receiving such instruction 64.7 percents of those students had received such instruction. 66.7 percents of the those responded received such instruction at orientation conducted for freshmen. As to the convenience of the utilization of library, 49.9 percents of those students responded to convenience. However, students of the 3rd grade showed a much stronger response to inconvenience. As to the time of the utilization of library,92.5 percents of those students showed a response to occasional utilization for particular purpose than regular utilization. 53.2 percents of those students responded to ordinary in quantity that library have references. 34.2 percents of those students responded to insufficient. As to the particular relative with the method and field of reading: 53.5 percents of those students responded to intensive reading and was the majority. As to the reading field, fiction u as the majority. When read any books for their major, they usually rend Korean text-b, oks. 7. Particular relative with giving assignment: All respondents were well aware of the objectives of giving home tasks. As to the attitude toward assignments and performing home tasks, 54.8 percents of those students to making ostentatious study because of an excessive quantity of assignments imposed. For performing assignment, they showed comparatively positive response. Also, 52.2 percents of those students responded that they usually submitted complected assignment with references. 8. As to motive to realize the necessity of study : 55.6 percents of those students responded that they realized such necessity in communication with patients when they were engaged in clinical practice. Also, 8.6, the lowest percents of those students responded that they realized such necessity in the course of conversation with nurses when they were engaged in clinical practice. 9. As to the determination of their confidence in the performance of study relative with clinical experience: They showed a general inclination of having in nursing. The major response was that they came to well comprehend the patients families. the lowest response was that they could apply what was learned at lecture-hall to practice. This response incidentally showed the distance the lecture-hall and practical study. In general items, students of the 4th grade showed more favorable response than students of the 3rd grade and there was a significant difference. 10. As to the perception and attitude toward profession according to the motive of selecting the nursing science : Those who selected the nursing voluntarily showed stronger conception than those who selected the nursing through indirect influence. However, there was no significant difference on this point. Only there was a remarkable difference in the reading of Code for Nurses. 11. Those who showed a stronger conception in the profession of nursing according to the motives of attractive nursing science indicated a strong will and ability to manage stable life and comparatively strong response was shown in the management of good home life because of the good adaptability of the science to their character. This group showed a strong conception of the profession than those who responded that they prefer this profession out of a longing for the work of a hospital and for the easy obtaining of opportunity to immigrate to over seas and for economic cause and for high school grade. There was significant difference between these two groups, 12. As to the conception and attitude toward the profession of nursing according to benefits by scholarships, those who were benefitted by scholarship showed stronger conception of profession than those who did not receive scholarship and there was a remarkable difference between these two categories. However, there was no remarkable difference between these two categories in the extent of interest of the activities of nursing fields and in the reading of Code for Nurses. 13. As activation for study according to the benefits of scholarships, those who were benefitted by scholarships showed stronger response to the motive for study comparing with those who receive. 14. As to tile field of reading according to the benefits by scholarships, those who received scholarships tended to read autobiographies and essayers to a considerable extent. Those who did not receive scholarships tended to read novels. Those who received scholarships more read nursing boots than those who did not receive scholarships. 15. As to the attitude of study and doing of assignment according to benefits of scholarships, those who received scholarships managed a favorable life with schedules for study, More students of receiving scholarship showed a regular study for more than one hour per day. Also, in the method of doing home tasks, more students of receiving scholarship showed reference to relative books frequently for the submission of completed assignments.

• 한국학교보건학회지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.42-65
• /
• 1992

A survey was made of 976 students who were selected among students of 5 middle schools at Taegu so that it could furnish basic knowledge about sex education of adolescents by analyzing students recognition of sex, acquaintance with the opposite-sex, sex-education, The survery took a month from Nov. 1, to Nov 30, 1991. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. The general characteristics of the surveyed students. The survey consisted of 332 boys middle school student & 325 girls middle school students, 157 male & 162 female students of coeducational middle schools. 32.9% of them were from the first grade, 33.2% from the second grade & 33.9% from the third grade. 35.7% of them believed in Buddhism, 19% Christianism and the mode of their living standard, 86.7%, fell on 34.7% of their parents engaged in commerce and they were followed by salary man and public officals, 93.1 % of the students, parents were alive. 44.9% of their fathers were graduates of high school and 42.2% of their mothers middle school. 2. Sexual maturity 89.1 % of the surveyed girls had experienced menstruation. The mode of first menstruation, 48.2%, was at the age of 13 and the mean of it was 12.9, 3.7% the surveyed boys had exprienced a wet drem before. The mode of the first wet dream, 40.0%, was at the age of 14 and the mean was 13.4. 21.3% of surveyed students had the experience of masturbation but the number of girls fell far short of that boys. The mode of the first masturbation, 37.0%, was at the age of 14 and the mean was 13.4. 3. The acquaintance and sexual relations with the opposite sex 1) Analyzing the students actual conditions with the opposite, I found out that 52.3% of them wanted to have any kind of relations with the opposite and that 30.25 had already had some kind of relations. 73.2% of the students having relations with the opposite thought the other sex merely as a friend and the number of students who were thinking that way was distributed evenly among schools. 28.8% of the students had got acquainted with the other sex through their frieds and there were not much difference between boys and girls in the method of getting acquainated with the opposite. About 35.2% of the students having relations with the opposite came from the third grade. 47.8% of them answered that the meeting place was not fixed and 26.4% answered that they were meeting their parthers outdoors. 60.7% replyed that they were not disturbed in their studies by the relations with the other sex. 2) Most of the students 79.4%, answered that they had never had sexual relations and 16.3% of the rest said that thery were expressing their feelings by grasping each other's hand. 3) 16.6% of the surveyed students asid that they had the exprience of smoking, 1.1 % of an illusion caused by inhaling chemical addhesives, 44.0% of drinking and 41.4% of warching pornographic films. 4. The knowledge and attitude about the sex 1) The distribution and analysis according to schools and grades : 64.8% of the surveyed students answered correctly to the questions about mensturation, 49.3 % did so about wet dreams, 94.3 % did so about conception, 60.6% did so about child birth, 73.9% did so about AIDS and 50.1 % did so about sexual diseases. Roughly speaking, they had not much knowledge of sexual diseases. 2) The recognition of sex according to schools and grades : 39.0% of the students said that they had worries about sex. 33.1 % of what they worried was concerned with their bodies and 26.8% was about the acqaintance and relationship with the opposite sex. The girls were much more concerned about the former and the boys the latter. 51.1 % of the students asid that they had no specific opinion of masturbation but 19.2% said that's alright if self-restrained. About the sexual intercourse before marriage, 75.7% said negatively. 5. The need for sex education most of the students, 99.4% said they needed sex education and there was not much difference in that thought among schools. And 49.7% answered that schools, families, and societies were equlally important in sex education. About half of the students, exactly 50.2%. considered it as the main reason of sex education to prevent accidents cauesd by ignorance of sex. 81.4% said that they had had some kind of sex education. Most of the educations, 87.0%, had taken place at schools but 5.2% said they were getting most of the knowledge about sex from therir friednds, juniors and seniors. 59.5% of the students who had ever had a sex education said "Just so, so" when asked of the level of their contentment but the number of students who said "satisfied" was only a few, 16.1 %. 20.7% of the survered answered that thery wanted sex education to be made in the course of home life, and 26.6 % of the students most wanted to know about the acquaintance and relationship with the oppostie sex, 29.0% preferred nurse teachers as proper councellors of sex education. The mode of their present councellors, 42.0%, was friends but only 7.6% answered they dicussed with teachers. 6. The correlation analysis between general characteristcs and sexual behaviors of the surveyed students revealed that sex had a signigicant(P<0.001) positive correlation with parents' love toward students(P<0.01), the experience of masturbation, smoking, an illusion caused by inhaling chemical adhesives and the experience of watching pornographic films. And the standard of living had a significant(P<0.01) positive correlation(P<0.01) with grade point average, parents' existence(P<0.01) and parents' love, but a significant(P<0.01) negative correlation with sexual worries. grade point average had a significant(P<0.01)negative correlation with the experience of an illusion caused by chemical adhesives(P<0.01) and smoking. Parents' existence had significant(P<0.01) positive correlations with parents' love and smoking but a significant(P<0.01) negative correlation with the experience of an illusion by chemical adhesives. There was a significant(P<0.01) negative correlations between parents' love and the experience of an illusion by chemical adhesives, and a significant(P<0.001) positive correlation among masturbation and sexual worries, smoking, an illusion by chemical adhesives and the experience of watching pornographic films. There was a significant(P<0.001) positive correlation among acquaintance with the opposite sex, smoking, the experience of an illusion by chemical adhesives and watching pornographic films. Sexual worries had significant(P<0.01) positive correlations with smoking, the experience of an illusion by chemical adhesives and watching pornographic films. smoking had a significant positive correlation with drinking the experirence of, an illusion by chemical adhesives and watching pornographic films. Finally, there was a significant(P<0.01) positive correlation between the drinking experience and the illusion experience by chemical adhesives. According to the results mentioned above, the fact is certain that there is a great need for sex education of adolescents. Therefore, it is desirable that the schools teach sexual physiology and normal positively and that sex education including hygien education be an independant course in the curriculums. Furthermore, it is essential that the schools should have enough nurse teachers to take up sex education, expand training opportunities for them and that they develop educational materials. Considering the unbalance of the level of sex educations between boys and girls, I want to suggest that all boys and girls have sex education evenly and lead happy lives by correction irrational thought about sex, that is to say, sex discrimination, Sex education programs, especially of middle school students, should be reexamined if it is to give the students effective and profitable knowledge about sex. In addition, the government should establish a policy of adolescents' sex education to have healthy opinions of sex settled nationwide.