• Journal of Communications and Networks
• /
• v.13 no.6
• /
• pp.602-611
• /
• 2011

The inter-domain routing scalability issue is a major challenge facing the Internet. Recent wide deployments of multihoming and traffic engineering urge for solutions to this issue. So far, tunnel-based proposals and compact routing schemes have been suggested. An implicit assumption in the routing community is that structured address labels are crucial for routing scalability. This paper first systematically examines the properties of identifiers and address labels and their functional differences. It develops a simple Internet routing model and shows that a binary relation T defined on the address label set A determines the cardinality of the compact label set L. Furthermore, it is shown that routing schemes based on flat address labels are not scalable. This implies that routing scalability and routing stability are inherently related and must be considered together when a routing scheme is evaluated. Furthermore, a metric is defined to measure the efficiency of the address label coding. Simulations show that given a 3000-autonomous system (AS) topology, the required length of address labels in compact routing schemes is only 9.12 bits while the required length is 10.64 bits for the Internet protocol (IP) upper bound case. Simulations also show that the ${\alpha}$ values of the compact routing and IP routing schemes are 0.80 and 0.95, respectively, for a 3000-AS topology. This indicates that a compact routing scheme with necessary routing stability is desirable. It is also seen that using provider allocated IP addresses in multihomed stub ASs does not significantly reduce the global routing size of an IP routing system.

• Journal of KIISE
• /
• v.43 no.4
• /
• pp.489-496
• /
• 2016

XML can effectively express structured or semi-structured data as well as relational databases. XQuery is a query language for retrieving information for such an XML document. In this paper, an XQuery composer is designed and implemented, with an API provided for XQuery processors, and a proper processor is registered. This composer shows query results immediately processed by the processor. As this composer contains a parser for XQuery, it can compose XQuery effectively using a diverse dialog box designed for XQuery grammar. A dialog box is affiliated with a clause region, which is a region that algebra operates from the parsing tree. It can compose path expressions for an XML document easily as it shows an element tree from DTD graphically. Path expressions are composed automatically by marking elements in the structural hierarchy and by specifying the predicate of an element partially.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.122-134
• /
• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a 12-week structured exercise program (12-week-SEP) and evaluate its effects on pain, physical function and quality of life in patients with total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods: A nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design was utilized to examine the effects of the 12-week-SEP on patients' outcomes after THA. A total of 46 adult patients (experimental group=25, control group=21) who had THA were recruited for the study. The 12-week-SEP consisted of education, exercise (muscle strengthening and progressive walking), and feedback. Data were analyzed by SPSS/WIN 21.0 using the $x^2$ test and repeated measures ANOVA. Results: The mean age of the participants was 60.9 years and 25 men (54.5%) and 21 women (45.7%) were included in the study. There were significant intervention effects on pain reduction and increased physical function but no effects on quality of life. Conclusion: The 12-week-SEP provided pain relief and enhanced physical function in patients underwent THA. Clinical application of the 12-week-SEP can improve postoperative nursing practices for patients with THA. Future research with larger sample is of necessity to obtain greater generalizability of the empirical evidences of the 12-week-SEP.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
• /
• v.9 no.5
• /
• pp.437-460
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the image perceived by fathers of children with Internet addiction. To achieve the study purpose, we conducted depth interviews with ten fathers of children with Internet addiction who had been diagnosed as At-Risk through a face to face meeting. The reason for choosing face to face interviews was to listen to the subjective stories and descriptions from fathers about the kind of fathers they are, which are felt and experienced in real life. More specifically, we selected the depth-interview methods through structured questions and non-structured questions. The interviews were held for two or three hours through an individual meeting of ten fathers and data were collected in order to conduct a categorical analysis. The figures discovered from fathers of children were divided into four categories; the father figure who is indifferent to the Internet use of his child, the father figure depending only on education through the Internet, the father figure who is in a weaker point than the Internet and the father figure who is addicted to the Internet. Based on the study results, we suggested the desirable behaviors, which may be useful for both fathers and children with Internet addiction as well as a follow-up study.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.45-62
• /
• 2012

Purpose : This study was carried out from September 2011 to September 2012 to indicate improvement and performance schemes and planning strategies by way of scenario based practical examination to inspire adaptable capacity to EMS field for Emergency Medical Technician. Methods : In order to improve the examination, a survey was conducted to EMT-Paramedics (Level 1), EMT-Basics (Level 2), and other expert groups. The researchers visited the National Registry of Emergency Medical Technician (NREMT) headquarter and the psychomotor examination site in Ohio in April, 2011. The 21 EMT professors took part in a workshop experiencing the US psychomotor examinations provided by two NREMT examination experts in October, 2011. Results : The results showed that the general plan of new National Practical Examination for EMTs should consist of integrated emergency care examination based on clinical performance and simple skill examination based on objective structured skill protocol Conclusion : The National Practice Examination consists of two sessions and the examinees select the test number randomly in each session. The future examination should include the critical criteria and this criteria should be the decisive factor for the pass or fail.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.50 no.4
• /
• pp.523-532
• /
• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to compare the effectiveness of multi interventional package (MIP) and lifestyle interventions (LI) on physiological parameters of women with metabolic syndrome, to compare the effectiveness of MIP and LI on biochemical parameters of women with metabolic syndrome and to compare the effectiveness of MIP and LI on socio-psychological parameters of women with metabolic syndrome. Methods: A quasi experimental nonequivalent control group design with two experimental groups and one control group was used to collect data from 60 self-help group women. Samples were selected by multistage sampling. Reflexology foot massage, dietary modification, moderate intensity exercise and structured education were given to MIP group and dietary modification, moderate intensity exercise and structured education were given to LI group for 12 weeks. Control group received routine care. Demographic and clinical data sheets were used to collect basic information. Knowledge was assessed by a knowledge questionnaire. Physiological (weight, body mass index, waist circumference and blood pressure) and biochemical parameters (HDL, triglycerides and FBS) were assessed before and after the intervention. Results: The study found significant change in the physiological and biochemical parameters of metabolic syndrome as well as knowledge among the MIP group and LI group compared to the control group (p <.001). Conclusion: MIP and LI are effective in controlling the parameters of metabolic syndrome. Hence the guidance may be provided to women with metabolic syndrome for adopting necessary lifestyle changes as well as reflexology foot massage to control the physiological and biochemical parameters of metabolic syndrome.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
• /
• v.3 no.6
• /
• pp.1522-1533
• /
• 1996

This paper presents a programming environment for the edition and verification of specification language SDL. It is implemented in the Concerto software factory, which has been as a support for the development of real size software. Concerto is a software factory designed for application development in the fields of computer communication protocols or real time system. It offers various kinds of tools to produce software, organize this production and automate it. Concerto allows a smooth integration of various formalism such as the C and $C^{++}$, languages, structured documentation, HOOD methodology (Hierarchical Object Orient Design). In this paper, as an important tools in the process of communication protocol software development, we describe fist describe the principles of this environment, then we illustrate its application by means of a simple example, the Inres protocol. Moreover, we study how hypertext mechanism of Concert to create logical links between a protocol and its asscoiated service.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
• /
• v.13C no.1 s.104
• /
• pp.129-136
• /
• 2006

Information Retrieval System aims towards providing fast and accurate information to users. However, current search systems are based on plain svntactic analysis which makes it difficult for the user to find the exact required information. This paper proposes the SW-IRS (Semantic Web-based Information Retrieval System) using an Ontology Server. The proposed system is purposed to maximize efficiency and accuracy of information retrieval of unstructured and semi-structured documents by using an agent-based automatic classification technology and semantic web based information retrieval methods. For interoperability and easy integration, RDF based repository system is supported, and the newly developed ranking algorithm was applied to rank search results and provide more accurate and reliable information. Finally, a new ranking algorithm is suggested to be used to evaluate performance and verify the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed retrieval system.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
• /
• v.8B no.6
• /
• pp.657-668
• /
• 2001

It is difficult that web documents are classified with exact user intention because existing document classification systems are based on word frequency number using single keyword. To improve this defect, first, we use keyword, a query, domain knowledge. Like explanation based learning, first, query is analyzed with knowledge based information and then structured user intention information is extracted. We use this intention tree in the course of existing word frequency number based document classification as user information and constraints. Thus, we can classify web documents with more exact user intention. In classifying document, structured user intention information is helpful to keep more documents and information which can be lost in the system using single keyword information. Our hybrid approach integrating user intention information with existing statistics and probability method is more efficient to decide direction and range of document category than existing word frequency approach.

• Spatial Information Research
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.13-21
• /
• 2014

This study defines concept and service framework of Geo-Spatial Big Data(GSBD). The major concept of the GSBD is formulated based on the 7V characteristics: the general characteristics of big data with 3V(Volume, Variety, Velocity); Geo-spatial oriented characteristics with 4V(Veracity, Visualization, Versatile, Value). GSBD is the technology to extract meaningful information from Geo-spatial fusion data and support decision making responding with rapidly changing activities by analysing with almost realtime solutions while efficiently collecting, storing and managing structured, semi-structured or unstructured big data. The application area of the GSBD is segmented in terms of technical aspect(store, manage, analyze and service) and public/private area. The service framework for the GSBD composed of modules to manage, contain and monitor GSBD services is suggested. Such additional studies as building specific application service models and formulating service delivery strategies for the GSBD are required based on the services framework.