• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.362-369
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• 2007

Opinions about Simpo[心包:Xinbao], Samcho[三焦:Sanjiao] and Myoungmoon[命門:Mingmen] are controversial from begin of Oriental medicine [醫東學]. In this study I first will focus on each opinion about 3 things above that many doctors had mentioned before and find out the meanings that those doctors had tired to explain. Secondly I will try to consider the meanings of Shimpo Samcho and Myoungmoon themselves. Thirdly I will explain that the relations between Shimpo, Samcho and Myoungmoon by theories of Organs[臟腑]and Meridians[經絡] Korean Oriental Medicine and the substantial meanings through those works that I mentioned above. Finally I could have conclusions about Shimpo, Samcho and Myoungmoon. Shimpo is a intermediation between Shim[心:Xin] and Shin[腎:Shen] at the point of Shimshinsanggyo[心腎相交:Xinshenxiangjiao] and Myoungmoon is a intermediation also as same as Shimp although shimpo is based on Shim and Myoungmoon is based on Shin. sanghwa[相火:Xianghuo] is related to Shimpo and Myoungmoon at the view of the naming structure of Meridians. Each Shimpo and Myoungmoon has the meaning of Sanghwa. Samcho is suppose to be tube structure and have a pair with Sanghwa because of position in the naming structure of Meridians so it contains Sanghwa as a pathway of Sanghwa.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권2호
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• pp.211-247
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• 2021

Livestock species experience several stresses, particularly weaning, transportation, overproduction, crowding, temperature, and diseases in their life. Heat stress (HS) is one of the most stressors, which is encountered in livestock production systems throughout the world, especially in the tropical regions and is likely to be intensified due to global rise in environmental temperature. The gut has emerged as one of the major target organs affected by HS. The alpha- and beta-diversity of gut microbiota composition are altered due to heat exposure to animals with greater colonization of pathogenic microbiota groups. HS also induces several changes in the gut including damages of microstructures of the mucosal epithelia, increased oxidative insults, reduced immunity, and increased permeability of the gut to toxins and pathogens. Vulnerability of the intestinal barrier integrity leads to invasion of pathogenic microbes and translocation of antigens to the blood circulations, which ultimately may cause systematic inflammations and immune responses. Moreover, digestion of nutrients in the guts may be impaired due to reduced enzymatic activity in the digesta, reduced surface areas for absorption and injury to the mucosal structure and altered expressions of the nutrient transport proteins and genes. The systematic hormonal changes due to HS along with alterations in immune and inflammatory responses often cause reduced feed intake and production performance in livestock and poultry. The altered microbiome likely orchestrates to the hosts for various relevant biological phenomena occurring in the body, but the exact mechanisms how functional communications occur between the microbiota and HS responses are yet to be elucidated. This review aims to discuss the effects of HS on microbiota composition, mucosal structure, oxidant-antioxidant balance mechanism, immunity, and barrier integrity in the gut, and production performance of farm animals along with the dietary ameliorations of HS. Also, this review attempts to explain the mechanisms how these biological responses are affected by HS.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.109-116
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• 1999

한국산 미꾸리 Misgurnus anguillicaudatus의 피부 구조 및 조직화학적 특정을 조사하기 위해 등, 측면, 복부, 머리부분의 피부를 조사하였다. 미꾸리의 epidermis는 elongated mucous cell과 club cell의 2개의 gland로 구성되었으며 두께는 아주 두꺼웠다. mucous cell은 acid mucopolysaccharides의 물질을 분비하였으나 club cell은 mucopolysaccharides에 어떠한 반응도 보이지 않았다. 표피의 기저층은 림파구를 가지는 lymphocytic space가 발달하였으며 기저막과 상피세포사이에 배모양의 감각세포인 pit organ이 존재하였다. Dermis의 stratum laxum에는 acid mucopolysaccharides를 나타내는 부분(a definite area)이 존재하며, 이러한 물질은 비늘에도 분포하고 있다. 작은 비늘이 dermis속에 파 묻혀 있으나 머리부분에는 없다. 또한 많은 양의 모세혈관들이 기저막 바로 아래에 존재하였다. 피부의 이러한 특징들은 미꾸리가 공기를 이용하는 피부호흡과 밀접한 관계가 있다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.437-442
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• 1995

The potency of yeast-derived methionyl-free human growth hormone (rhGH), which was obtained by removal of the N-terminal Met from methionyl-hGH, was estimated by in vitro and in vivo assays. In radio-receptor assay where the binding affinity of growth hormone to the receptor was estimated, the recombinant hGH showed 2.9 international units (IU) per mg of specific activity. In contrast, pitUitary-derived human growth hormone had a slightly lower receptor binding activity (2.5 IU/mg) compared with recombinant growth hormone. For the in vivo assay, efficacy of rhGH was tested by use of hypophysectomized rats, in which pituitary organs were surgically removed, resulting in the termination of growth hormone secretion. The weight-increase in rats by the injection of rhGH was almost identical to the result obtained by the injection of the same amount of pituitary-derived (international standard) hGH. A comparision of the secondary structures of rhGH and rMet-hGH by circular dichroism spectrophotometer demonstrated that the removal of the methionyl residue from rMet-hGH did not exert any effect on the structure of the growth hormone. In conclusion, methionyl-free human growth hormone produced from yeast was highly potent in biological activity and maintained a legitimate three dimensional structure.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.207-210
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• 2000

생강의 개화특성과 화기구조를 관찰하고 약배양에 의한 캘러스 형성과 식물체 재분화에 미치는 배지내 생장조절물질의 효과에 대하여 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1 화병의 형성은 국내종은 서산종, 도입종은 태국종에서만 출현되었으며 화뢰당 소화형성은 서산종 8개, 태국종이 10개 형성되었으나 종자정성은 이루어지지 않았다. 2. 개화기는 8월 18일에서 8월 25일 사이에 불규칙적으로 나타났고 1일중 개화시각은 오후 4시-5시 사이에 대부분 개화하였다. 3. 꽃은 장주화로서 주두상단에는 섬모가 나 있으며 수술은 연착약, 배낭내 태좌는 증축태좌 형태를 나타냈다. 화분은 원형과 타원형이 혼재되어 있으나 원형이 많았으며, 화분막은 2중 구조였다. 4. 약 유래 캘러스 형성에는 CM배지가 좋았고, 캘러스로부터 기관분화는 MS배지에 BA 2mg/l 를 첨가한 재생배지에 이식 후 40일경부터 부정근이 먼저 출현되고 배양 60일 후에는 줄기와 뿌리가 완전 분화된 정상적인 식물체를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-35
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• 1997

Fertilized egg, by successive cell divisions, differentiates into different tissues and organs with various structures and functions. Different cells and tissues contain different proteins, products of selective gene expression. Not all the genes in any genomes are equally active, temporal and spatial gene expression being the general rule. Present paper attempts to review the tanscriptional mechanisms or the initiations of transcription from several angles. In some of the organisms the genes in the process of transcription or the genes in the inactive state can be seen under the light microscope. Some bands of Drosophila polytene chromosomes may exhibit a swollen or puff appearance under certain conditions. A puff, unfolded or decondensed form of chromomere, represents sets of intense transcriptional activity or RNA synthesis. The heterochromatic X chromosome whose genes remain inactive in the female mammals can be visualized as a dark staining structure called Barr body, Configuration of chromatin differs between transcribed and nontranscribed chromatin. Modification to the chromatin facilitates RNA synthesis. The movement of large polymerase molecule along the DNA would probably be facilitated if some modifications of the chromatin configuration is effected. Methylation of cytosines in CG sequences is associated with inactive genes. Methylation can play a role in determination of mammalian cells during embryogenesis. Demethylation is necessary for the gene to be expressed during development A histone modification that is also known to be correlated with transcriptional capacity of chromatin is acetylation of the lysine residues of the core histones. Chromatin containing a high level of histone acetylation is very sensitive to DNase 1. For the transcription to occur TBP must first bind to the TATA box. Another TF, TF IIB, then binds to the promoter-TBP complex, facilitating the access of RNA polymerase to the transcription initiation site. As recently as eight years ago researchers assumed that histones were irrelevant to the regulation of gene expression. Histones combine with the DNA to form nucleosome of the chromatin. Histones are vital participant in gene regulation. Histone and basal factors compete for access to TATA box. When DNA is exposed to basal factors before histones are introduced, the basal factors assemble on TATA boxes preventing the access of histones, allowing transcription to occur, for transcription to begin, activator protein at the upstream activation sequence or enhancer must interact with the tail of histone H4 at TATA box and cause the histone role particle to dissociate from the TATA box leading to partial breakup of the histone core particle and allowing the basal factors to bind to the TATA box. New concept of genomic flux in contrast to the old concept of static genome has been developed based on the powerful new molecular techniques. Genomic changes such as repetitive DNAs and transposable elements, it is assumed but not yet proved, may affect some of the developmental patterns that characterize particular cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. In the last decade or so remarkable achievement have been made in the researches of the structures and functions of TFs and the specific target sequences located in promoters or enhancers where these TFs bind. TFs have independent domains that bind DNA and that activate transcription. DNA binding domain of TFs serves to bring the protein into the right location. There are many types of DNA binding domains. Common types of motifs can be found that are responsible for binding to DNA. The motifs are usually quite short and comprise only a small part of the protein structure. Steroid receptors have domains for hormone binding, DNA binding, and activating transcription. The zinc finger motif comprises a DNA binding domain. Leucine zipper consist of a stretch of amino acids with a leucine residue in every seventh position Two proteins form a dimer because they interact by means of leucine zippers on similar α-helical domain. This positions their DNA binding basic domains for interaction with the two halves of a DNA sequence with dyad symmetry of TGACTCA, ACTGAGT.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.21-24
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• 2002

Pineal organs of poikilotherm vertebrates transform the environmental light information into a humoral message and a neuronal activity. The former is melatonin, and the latter is modulation of the impulse in ganglion cells. The ganglion cells are physiologically classified into luminosity (achromatic) type and chromatic one, as the neural activity is modulated in two ways. We attempted to classify the pineal ganglion cells with morphological characteristics by means of the three- dimensional reconstruction method. In the pineal ganglion cells of river lamprey, there are two different features, oval and spherical. For comparison of their projection region in the brain, the tracing investigation was also carried out. The application of the neural tracer near mesencephalic tegmentum showed that only oval-shaped ganglion cells were labeled in the pineal organ. These results suggest that the oval-shaped ganglion cell is functionally different from the spherical one.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 1992

Structural changes of the endosperm of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer from fertilization to germination were investigated by light microscope. The endosperm of the ginseng seed is cellular type. Since endosperm cells adjacent embryo continuously breakdown and disappear with the elongation of embryo, the real of endosperm is gradually decreased. As the anatropous ovules of immature seed with green seed coat developes more and more, ovary cells adjacent ovary cavity become abundant by the periclinal division, their size is decreased, hypotrophy of cell wall discern, and they are gradually differentiated in seed coat. Though embryo responds strongly to basic dye at the stage of completion of endosperm formation, tissue of endosperm responds to acidic dye positively Cell wall of embryo and endosperm are composed of primary cell wall not lignified. Endosperm cells adjacent embryo begin to breakdown in the endosperm tissue of indehiscent seed before the beginning of the after-ripening. Dehiscent seed of which seed coat is opened through after-ripening represent the form as a seedling in the result of embryo developments with the formation of organs; radicle, cotyledon, plumule. Umbilifom layer represents strong positive response to the toluidine blue and the basic function. Umbiliform layer that endosperm cells breakdown and disappear is observed clearly at the periphery of the embryo cotylemon, while slightly at the periphery of the radicle.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.80-89
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• 2014

0 and 1, two digits are principle and formality of digital media. Those principle and formality dwell in new media paradigm. They are founded on emergence of new types of space. As describing the relationship originating from the concepts of digital media paradigm and space and discussing their characteristics, this paper presents the grounds for a theoretical argument for formation of new space. The concept of virtuality which mimics and represents the real, non-linearity which resembles human system of thinking and sensing, and interactivity connecting the communication theory of human and machine, their properties form the important basis for emergence of a new aspect of space. The concepts of digital media paradigm divide a type of space into two properties. The first is a inner modality. The second is outer modality. Dynamic space implicates inner modality that humans internally recognize the sense of space through their body and sensing organs. Space is not sensed but sensing. Space has an organic nature through object's interaction. Space has an outer nature that is physically variable. Finally, space has properties of modularity that changes structure of space. For empirical basis of an argument, new media art that has architectural form and those spatial characteristics were compared and analyzed. This conceptual discussion for space which the formality of digital media is applied will be an important foundation for create space design.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.308-313
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• 1995

This study has been undertaken to examine the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) of electric organ from korean electtric ray(Narke japonica). Korean electric ray was caughted at Chungmu sea and transported to the laboratory, where electric organs were removed and stored at $-70^{\circ}C$ until used. Acelycholinesterase(AChE) of electric organ was purified by affinity column that was prepared with dicaproyl-methylpyridinium linked to Sepharose 4B. Upon purification, the specific activities in Ellman unit were increased by 52 and 39 times for high salt soluble AChE (HSSE, 870.86 $\DeltaOD/min/geam$ of tissue) and detergent soluble AChE(DSE, 105.42 .$\DeltaOD/min/geam$ of tissue), respectively. Each subunit of AChE separated by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)was transferred to immonilon P by western boltting and detected by mAbs raised against each subunit of AChE from electric organ og Torpedo califomica. Collagenic tails of AChE from Torpedo califomica, likewise 103Kd protein of AChE from Narke japonica was detected by monoclonal antibody specific to 103Kd of AChE from Torpedo califomica. However, molar ratio of three subunits of AChE from Narke japonica is different from that of Torpedo calicormica. Furthermore, catalytic subunit of AChE from Narke japonica was not identified by monoclnal antibody specific to catalytic subunit of AChE from Torpedo californica. These results showed differences in molecular structure of AChE from Narke japonica and AChE from Torpedo califormica eventhough they showed same enzymatic activities.