• 환경위생공학
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.77-86
• /
• 2006

The water purification was very important in Korea which has not sufficient water resource and while adsorption method among the various methods to eliminate the water pollutants has been widely used by activated carbon. This study was conducted the basic experiment for hall distribution, pH, conductivity, electronic microscope, cation exchange and inorganic materials the adsorption capacity of Korean traditional charcoal which has similar characteristics to activated carbon of organic pollutants. As a result of observing Korean traditional charcoal with electronic microscope, it was found that it has porous structure, oak charcoal has circular structure, pine charcoal has square structure and bamboo charcoal has hexagonal structure, which has high void fraction per unit area because of its thin cell wall structure. As a result of experimenting hall distribution, hall distribution of bamboo high temperature charcoal is high as 0.269cc/g and has the greatest inorganic contents and cation exchange capacity(CEC) which are the important factor of chemical adsorption.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.189-199
• /
• 2019

In this research, the relationships among the 31 microsatellite markers with charcoal rot disease resistance related indices in 130 different soybean cultivars and lines were evaluated using association analysis based on the general linear model (GLM) and the mixed linear model (MLM) by the Structure and Tassel software. The results of microsatellite markers showed that the genetic structure of the studied population has three subpopulations (K=3) which the results of bar plat also confirmed it. In association analysis based on GLM and MLM models, 31 and 35 loci showed significant relationships with the evaluated traits, respectively, and confirmed considerable variation of the studied traits. The identified markers related to some of the studied traits were the same which can probably be due to pleiotropic effects or tight linkage among the genomic regions controlling these traits. Some of these relationships were including, the relationship between Sat_252 marker with amount of charcoal rot disease, Satt359, Satt190 and Sat_169 markers with number of microsclerota in stem, amount of charcoal rot disease and severity of charcoal rot disease, Sat_416 marker with number of microsclerota in stem and amount of charcoal rot disease and the Satt460 marker with number of microsclerota in stem and severity of charcoal rot disease. The results of this research and the linked microsatellite markers with the charcoal rot disease-related characteristics can be used to identify the suitable parents and to improve the soybean population in future breeding programs.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제46권5호
• /
• pp.527-540
• /
• 2018

본 연구에서는 온열욕 겸용을 위해 제작한 숯가마와 전통식 숯가마에서 제조한 백탄의 특성에 대해서 비교, 검토하였다. 온열욕 겸용 숯가마는 밀폐된 숯가마에서 발생하는 미세먼지 및 유해가스와 같은 환경문제를 최소화하고 편안함과 안전성을 고려하여 제작하였다. 온열욕 겸용 숯가마에서 제조한 백탄은 전통식 숯가마의 백탄보다 회분과 휘발분이 다소 높았고 고정탄소가 다소 낮았다. 온열욕 겸용 숯가마에서 생산된 백탄의 밀도는 기존의 전통식 숯가마 백탄보다 약간 높았지만, 평형함수율과 pH는 거의 차이가 없었다. 발열량, 정련도, 경도와 해부학적 구조는 숯가마에 따른 차이가 없었다. 결론적으로 온열욕 겸용을 위해 개량된 숯가마에서 제조한 백탄은 국립산림과학원의 품질인증기준을 충족하였고, 온열욕 겸용 숯가마는 목탄제조에도 적합한 것으로 판단되었다.

• Carbon letters
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.19-24
• /
• 2015

The breakthrough behaviour of activated charcoal cloth samples against an oxygen analogue (OA) of sulphur mustard has been studied using the modified Wheeler equation. Activated charcoal cloth samples having different surface area values in the range of 481 to $1290m^2/g$ were used for this purpose. Breakthrough behaviour was found to depend on the properties of the activated charcoal cloth, properties of the OA and the adsorption conditions. Activated charcoal cloth with a high surface area of $1290m^2/g$, relatively large surface density of $160g/m^2$ and coarser fiber structure exhibited better kinetic saturation capacity value, 0.19 g/g, against OA vapours when compared to others, thus confirming its potential use in foldable masks for protection against chemical warfare agents.

• 한국의류산업학회지
• /
• 제10권5호
• /
• pp.748-755
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of chitosan treatment on the dyeing of cotton fabric using charcoal as colorants. Particle size of charcoal, dyeability(K/S), SEM morphology of dyed fabrics and color fastness were also investigated. In this study, cotton fabrics were treated with a crosslinking agent epichlorohydrin in the presence of chitosan to provide the cotton fabrics the dyeing properties of natural dye by the chemical linking of chitosan to the cellulose structure. The results obtained were as follows; Mean average diameter of charcoal was 1.44 ${\mu}m$. According to various conditions, the dyeing effects of 1% chitosan treatment on the dyeing of cotton fabrics using charcoal were the highest with 10%(owb) of charcoal at $90^{\circ}C$ for 120minutes and non-treatment of cotton fabrics were the highest with 15%(owb) of charcoal at $90^{\circ}C$ for 150minutes. Overall, K/S value of 1% chitosan treatment of cotton fabrics on the natural dyeing using charcoal was higher than non-treatment of cotton fabrics. It was observed the surfaces of cotton fabrics treated with chitosan were adsorbed with charcoal powders of particle size more than a non-treated chitosan fabric by SEM. The cotton fabrics were dyed with blackish gray color by charcoal gradually according to treating chitosan. The K/S value, that is indicative of dye affinity, became higher as the increase of treated chitosan concentration. The color fastness of charcoal, washing and light fastness was excellent as 4-5 grade.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.555-563
• /
• 2000

The study was conducted to evaluate the adsorption equilibrium of heavy metals on bone charcoal made of livestock bone which was sintered at $550{\sim}600^{\circ}C$. Analysis of bone charcoal by XRD and FT-IR showed that crystal structure was similar to that of synthetic hydroxyapatite. Adsorption equilibrium capacity of single component (Pb, Cd, and Zn) on bone charcoal could be expressed as Langmuir, Freundlich, and Sips equations. Sips isotherm was best among the three isotherms. The values predicted by IAST(ideal adsorbed solution theory) showed good relationship to the experimental data in multicomponent adsorption equilibrium. Adsorption affinity was in order of Pb, Cd, and Zn. The order was same in case of activated carbon or synthetic hydroxyapatite. Through the study results. it would be expected that bone charcoal made of livestock could be used in field of wastewater treatment plants as adsorbent to remove heavy metal.

• 펄프종이기술
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.27-32
• /
• 2003

To understand the chemical structure of sewer sludge in comparison with commercial compost and charcoal used as a soil improver, it was carried out to analyse their ash contents and metal ions, and to elucidate the chemical structure of their residuals after a sequential treatment of alcohol-benzene(1:2) extraction in Soxhlet, 3% HCl reflux and 79% H₂SO₄ hydrolysis, using CHNS analyzer and solid C-13 NMR spectrometer. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Ash content of sludge was about 46% that is higher than those of compost (17%) and charcoal (4%). 2. The residual of sludge after a sequential treatment of HCl and H₂SO₄ hydrolyses had high ash content about 23%, too. 3. The sludge seems to be suitable to the soil improver because the content of heavy metal ions in sludge was near the compost and below the organic fertilizer standard. 4. Elemental composition of sludge residual after HCl-H₂SO₄ hydrolyes was C/sub 56/H/sub 91/O/sub 12/N₂S = (C/sub 6/H/sub 10/O/sub 5/)/sub 7/(C/sub 6/H₄)/sub 7/C₂H/sub 43/O₂N₂S, similar to C/sub 103/H/sub 122/O/sub 33/N/sub 6/S = (C/sub 6/H/sub 10/O/sub 5/)/sub 6/(C/sub 6/H₄)/sub 10/C/sub 7/H/sub 22/O₃N/sub 6/S of compost. 5. The sludge residual had proved to have both considerable aliphatic and aromatic groups, but the compost residual to have mainly aliphatic groups and the charcoal to have mainly aromatic groups, through the peak analysis of solid C-13 NMR charts. 6. So, the sewer sludge is proved to have a considerable amount of aromaticity like in woody biomass containing lignin.

• 한국건축시공학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.123-130
• /
• 2006

After the new house symptoms recently, room environment pollution problem of building syndrome and so on is becoming research about ways to solve this being risen. Is taking advantage of nature data by building materials by one of this way, but Friendly Environmental performance examination for structure material is insufficient misgovernment being real condition that put emphasis in ability as most embellishment and in finish. Environmental examination is insufficient misgovernment on factor itself as structure material. Also, being real condition that radon that is responsible for lung cancer occurrence next to smoke in building materials such as concrete and so on is happened, the danger is reported much through mass communications and research paper etc. Therefore, this research measured radon release amount and the carbon dioxide adsorption rate for physical special quality measuring and Friendly Environment Efficiency that follow to 'KS F 4004 Concrete bricks' regulation after manufacture Concrete Bricks utilizing charcoal that is nature material by sand. This study finding carbon dioxide density appeared and displayed effect that charcoal Controls radon release that happen in Concrete Bricks to maximum 74% that decrease to best 95% though decreased the charcoal addition rate increases.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2006

제조 온도에 따른 목탄의 해부학적 특성을 주사전자현미경법으로 조사하였다. 목탄은 실험실용 전기로를 이용하여 $400^{\circ}C$, $600^{\circ}C$, $800^{\circ}C$, $1000^{\circ}C$의 각 온도 조건에서 굴참나무재를 10분간 탄화시켜 제조하였다. 관찰 결과 목탄의 구조는 제조 온도에 따라 큰 차이를 보였다. $400^{\circ}C$에서 제조한 목탄의 횡단면은 깨끗하게 나타났으나 온도 증가에 따라 거칠고 할렬이 많은 단면을 나타냈다. 세포벽은 벽층 구조가 소실되고 유리와 같이 매끄럽고 균질한 구조를 보여주었다. $400^{\circ}C$에서 제조한 목탄은 유세포 상호간에 간극이 거의 없었으나 $600^{\circ}C$ 이상에서는 유세포 간에 분리가 발생하여 간극이 관찰되었다. 방사유세포와 축방향유세포의 표면에는 직경 $2{\sim}4{\mu}m$의 사마귀 모양의 돌기물이 다수 관찰되었고, $600^{\circ}C$ 이상에서 광방사조직에 커다란 할열할렬이 자주 발생하였다. 결정 세포 중에 존재하는 결정의 표면은 제조 온도에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 즉, $400^{\circ}C$와 $600^{\circ}C$에서 제탄한 목탄 중의 결정은 매끄러운 표면을 나타내고 있으나 $800^{\circ}C$ 이상에서 제조한 목탄의 것은 표면이 거칠고 작은 구멍이 나타나 스폰지와 같은 외형을 보여주었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제42권3호
• /
• pp.266-274
• /
• 2014

목재의 열분해 메카니즘을 심층적으로 이해하기 위하여 소나무재(Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.) 톱밥을 $180{\sim}450^{\circ}C$에서 열분해시켜 얻은 목탄과 휘발성 물질을 원소분석, IR과 GC/Mass로 분석하였으며, 활성화 과정이 목탄의 구조에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 $600^{\circ}C$에서 탄화시킨 것과 $750^{\circ}C$에서 활성화시킨 목탄을 원소분석 및 IR로 분석하였다. 그 결과, 목분의 열분해는 $240^{\circ}C$ 부근에서 본격적으로 일어나기 시작하며, $270^{\circ}C$까지는 화학적 구조가 크게 변하지 않았지만, $300^{\circ}C$에서 원소의 성분비와 IR 스펙트럼이 급격하게 변하는 것이 관찰되었다. 또 리그닌의 방향족 고리가 $450^{\circ}C$에서도 여전히 관찰되고 있는 것으로 보아 이 온도에서 분해되지 않은 리그닌이 일부 남아있음을 알 수 있다. 활성화 시간은 활성탄의 화학구조에 영향을 미치지 않았다.