• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.343-362
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• 2018

A simplified spring connection modelling approach for steel flush endplate beam-to-column connections in fire has been developed to enable realistic behaviour of connections to be incorporated into full-scale frame analyses at elevated temperature. Due to its simplicity and reliability, the proposed approach permits full-scale high-temperature frame analysis to be conducted without high computational cost. The proposed simplified spring connection modelling approach has been used to investigate the influence of connection ductility (both axial and rotational) on frame behaviour in fire. 2D steel and 3D composite frames with a range of beam spans were modelled to aid the understanding of the differences in frame response in fire where the beam-to-column connections have different axial and rotational ductility assumptions. The modelling results highlight that adopting the conventional rigid or pinned connection assumptions does not permit the axial forces acting on the connections to be accurately predicted, since the axial ductility of the connection is completely neglected when the rotational ductility is either fully restrained or free. By accounting for realistic axial and rotational ductilities of beam-to-column connections, the frame response in fire can be predicted more accurately, which is advantageous in performance-based structural fire engineering design.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.1184-1192
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• 2019

The influenza A virus is a highly infectious respiratory pathogen that sickens many people with respiratory disease annually. To prevent outbreaks of this viral infection, an understanding of the characteristics of virus-host interaction and development of an anti-viral agent is urgently needed. The influenza A virus can infect mammalian species including humans, pigs, horses and seals. Furthermore, this virus can switch hosts and form a novel lineage. This so-called zoonotic infection provides an opportunity for virus adaptation to the new host and leads to pandemics. Most influenza A viruses express proteins that antagonize the antiviral defense of the host cell. The non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of the influenza A virus is the most important viral regulatory factor controlling cellular processes to modulate host cell gene expression and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-mediated antiviral response. This review focuses on the influenza A virus NS1 protein and outlines current issues including the life cycle of the influenza A virus, structural characterization of the influenza A virus NS1, interaction between NS1 and host immune response factor, and design of inhibitors resistant to the influenza A virus.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.25-38
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• 2020

Impulse buying occurs when consumers feel an urge to impulsively buy a product without thoughtful consideration of why and for what reason they need the product. However, few efforts have been made to identify the impacts of perceived scarcity on the impulse buying of fashion products in mobile shopping malls. This study's objectives were to estimate, using structural equation model analysis, the impact of a scarcity message on browsing, feeling the urge to buy, and impulse buying of fashion products on mobile shopping malls. Data was collected from 206 customers who experienced to impulse buying fashion products via objective sampling. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses developed for the study. Results found evident effects of the scarcity message on the impulse buying of fashion products directly and indirectly. Additionally, consumers felt the urge to buy had a significant impact on the impulse buying of fashion products, whereas browsing had little impact on the impulse buying of fashion products. This is an expanded study to examine structural equation modeling of impulse buying of fashion products on mobile shopping malls. These results will contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the operation of an effective scarcity strategy for fashion products on mobile shopping malls.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.473-487
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• 2021

The review of the literature and design guidelines indicates a lack of design codes governing the shear strength of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with ultrahigh-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC). This study uses the results of a 3D finite element model constructed previously by the authors and verified against an experimental programme to gain a clear understanding of the shear strength of RC beams strengthened with UHPFRC by using different schemes. Experimental results found in the literature along with the numerical results for shear capacities of normal-strength RC and UHPFRC beams without stirrups are compared with available code design guidelines and empirical models found in the literature. The results show variance between the empirical models and the experimental results. Accordingly, proposed equations derived based on empirical models found in the literature were set to estimate the shear capacity of normal-strength RC beams without stirrups. In addition, the term 'shear span-to-depth ratio' is not considered in the equations for design guidelines found in the literature regarding the shear capacity of UHPFRC beams without stirrups. Consequently, a formula estimating the shear strength of UHPFRC and RC beams strengthened with UHPFRC plates and considering the effect of shear span-to-depth ratio is proposed and validated against an experimental programme previously conducted by the authors.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2023

Antibiotic resistance has emerged as a global threat to modern healthcare systems and has nullified many commonly used antibiotics. β-Lactam antibiotics are among the most successful and occupy approximately two-thirds of the prescription antibiotic market. They inhibit the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the bacterial cell wall by mimicking the D-Ala-D-Ala in the pentapeptide crosslinking neighboring glycan chains. To date, various β-lactam antibiotics have been developed to increase the spectrum of activity and evade drug resistance. This review emphasizes the three-dimensional structural characteristics of β-lactam antibiotics regarding the overall scaffold, working mechanism, chemical diversity, and hydrolysis mechanism by β-lactamases. The structural insight into various β-lactams will provide an in-depth understanding of the antibacterial efficacy and susceptibility to drug resistance in multidrug-resistant bacteria and help to develop better β-lactam antibiotics and inhibitors.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제87권3호
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• pp.273-282
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• 2023

Concrete construction, one of the oldest building practices, is commonly used in all parts of the world. Concrete is the primary building material for both residential and commercial constructions. The challenge of protecting the buildings, hence nation, against the attack of terrorism has raised the importance to explore the understanding of building materials against the explosion. In this research, a security check-post (reinforced concrete frame filled with plain cement concrete) has been chosen to study the behavior of structural elements under blast loading. Eight nitroglycerines-based dynamite blasts with varying amounts of explosive charge, up to 17 kg weight has been carried out at various scale distances. Pressure and acceleration time history records are measured using blast measuring instruments. Security check post after being exposed by explosive loading are photographed to view cracking/failure patterns on the structural elements. It is noted that with the increase of quantity of explosive, the dimensions of spalling and crack patterns increase on the front panels. Simple empirical analyses are conducted using ConWep and other design manuals such as UFC 3-340-02 (2008) and AASTP-1 (2010) for the purpose of comparison of blast parameters with the experimental records. The results of experimental workings are also compared with earlier researchers to check the compatibility of developed equations. It is believed that the current study presents the simple and preliminary procedure for calculating the air blast and ground shock parameters on the structures exposed to blast explosion.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.189-203
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• 2023

This study investigates the bending and stability properties of cylindrical constructions, with a focus on their use in the design and implementation of sporting equipment. The work focuses on a cylindrical construction resembling nanomotors, similar to components seen in sports equipment, using mathematical modeling based on high-order beam theory and nonlocal strain gradient theory. The analysis provides important insights into the dynamic behavior of these systems, revealing light on the impact of numerous factors such as rotational velocity, section change rate, and structural dimensions. The results show a relationship between angular velocity growth and section change rate, which leads to an increase in fundamental frequency values. Furthermore, the research emphasizes the effect of structural factors on dynamic deflection, giving critical information for increasing the stability and performance of sporting equipment. This study adds to the area of sports engineering by providing a more nuanced understanding of how cylindrical constructions react under diverse settings. The results will help to guide the design and manufacturing processes of sports equipment, assuring improved stability and performance for players across a wide range of sports.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.37-53
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• 2024

Purpose: Global warming is increasingly aggravated by environmental degradation, a challenge that can be mitigated through strategic logistic policies. This study introduces the dynamics of green trade in environmental goods for the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) nations. It is a region known for its high environmental degradation, political risk and instability. This study examines how technological innovation and political factors influence the geographic distribution of green trade among OIC nations from 1994 to 2021 using the structural gravity model. The COVID-19 pandemic further emphasised the need for resilient and eco-friendly approaches. Research design, data and methodology: The main objective of the study is to analyse the impact of technological innovation along with scrutinising political determinants of green trade in the OIC region from 1994 to 2021 using the structural gravity model. Results: The results reveal geographic proximity, RTA, and innovation significantly boost green trade. Similarly, OIC's green trade performance has been impeded by high political risk and instability. Conclusions: The research recommends fostering political stability, and conducting further research using longitudinal studies and machine learning to strengthen the understanding of innovation and green trade in the OIC. This will inform policies for sustainable economic growth through green trade.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.233-240
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• 2018

컨설팅을 수진한 기업들은 고유의 기업문화를 가지고 있고, 이러한 기업문화는 컨설팅 결과 어떠한 차이를 보이는지에 대한 궁금증과 함께 이해도와 참여도에 따라 만족도에 차이가 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 구조방정식을 활용한 모델을 분석을 실시한 결과, 질 높은 컨설팅 서비스 품질을 받았다 하더라도 컨설팅을 받은 기업에서 내용을 이해하지 못하거나 참여도가 떨어진다면 만족도 또한 떨어진다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 즉,서비스 품질과 수진기업의 이해도 및 참여도에 따라 컨설팅 만족도에 영향을 미친다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과가 의미하는 것은 컨설턴트의 수준 높은 컨설팅 서비스도 중요하지만 수진기업의 이해도 및 참여도 또한 컨설팅 만족도에 영향을 미친다는 것을 이해하고, 컨설팅 성과를 높이기 위해서는 수진기업에서도 이해도 및 참여도를 높일 수 있는 기업문화를 구현할 수 있는 적극적인 노력이 필요함을 시사하고 있다.

• 한국학교수학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.221-247
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• 2008

생명 나노 관련 분야의 대학 기초수학 교육 내용의 구성과 그 방안을 찾기 위하여, 그 분야의 대학생들이 기본함수(2차 함수, 유리함수, 무리함수, 로그함수, 삼각함수)에 대한 그래프 표현과 그래프에 내포한 기본정보에 대하여 어느 정도 알고 있는지, 고등학교 기초 수학 내용을 어느 정도 알고 있는지에 대하여 조사하였다. 그리고 그 분야와 관련된 전공 서적에서 사용되고 있는 수학 내용을 조사하였다. 조사 결과, 기본함수에 대한 그래프 표현과 그래프에 내포한 정보에 대한 이해 및 고등학교 기초 수학 내용에 대한 이해가 부족한 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 생명 나노 관련 분야의 각 전공에 사용되고 있는 수학 내용의 양과 내용의 깊이에 차이가 있었다. 이러한 조사 결과에 따르면, 생명 나노 관련 분야의 대학 기초수학 교육 내용 구성에서, 각 전공 분야의 대학생들의 고등학교 기초수학 내용에 대한 이해 정도를 반영하고 각 전공에 따라 수학 내용의 양적인 면과 내용의 깊이를 다양하게 고려하여야 할 것이다.