• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.63-72
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• 1998

-4-Quinolone antibiotics (pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfoxacin, ofloxacin and enoxacin) were tested for mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, TA1538 and TA102, for chromosomal aberrations in cultured Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells, and for wing somatic mutations and recombinations (wing spot) in Drosophila. Five 4-quinolones did not show any mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538. However, they were mutagenic inSalmonella typhimurium TA102 with and without metabolic activation in both plate incorporation method and preincubation method. Ciprofloxacin induced structural chromosome aberrations in CHL cells both with and without metabolic activation, and the frequencies were 6% and up to 28%, respectively. Pefloxacin showed equivocal evidence, however, norfloxacin, ofloxacin and enoxacin did not induce the structural chromosome aberrations both in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. In the wing spot assay in Drosophila, ofloxacin increased the frequency of small single spots significantly in a dose-dependent manner but there was no dose-dependent increase of single or twin spots in the others.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.651-658
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• 2013

Uterine leiomyomas (UL) are extremely common neoplasms in women of reproductive age, and are associated with a variety of characteristic choromosomal aberrations (CAs). The p53 gene has been reported to play a crucial role in suppressing the growth of a variety of cancer cells. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of CAs and the p53 gene on ULs. We performed cytogenetic analysis by G-banding in 10 cases undergoing myomectomy or hysterectomy. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a p53 gene probe was also used on interphase nuclei to screen for deletions. In patients, CAs were found in 23.4% of 500 cells analysed, significantly more frequent than in the control group (p<0.001). In the patients, 76% of the abnormalities were structural aberrations (deletions, translocations and breaks), and only 24% were numerical. Deletions were the most common structural aberration observed in CAs. Among these CAs, specific changes in five loci 1q11, 1q42, 2p23, 5q31 and Xp22 have been found in our patients and these changes were not reported previously in UL. The chromosome breaks were more frequent in cases, from high to low, 1, 2, 6, 9, 3, 5, 10 and 12. Chromosome 22, X, 3, 17 and 18 aneuploidy was observed to be the most frequent among all numerical aberrations. We observed a low frequency of p53 losses (2-11%) in our cases. The increased incidence of autosomal deletions, translocations, chromatid breaks and aneuploidy, could contribute to the progression of the disease along with other chromosomal alterations.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.89-92
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• 1998

The results of chromosome aberration test in mammalian cells in culture (Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells) showed no induction of structural and numerical aberrations by YH1226, a cephalosporin antibiotic regardless of metabolic activation, while positive control group (mitomycin C and benzo(a)pyrene) showed structural chromosome aberrations of 25% and 10%, respectively. The in vivo induction of micronuclei was measured in polychromatic erythrocytes in bone marrow of male ddY mouse given YH1226 at 500, 250, 125 mg/kg by i.p. once. After 24 hours, animals were sacrificed and evaluated for the incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in whole erythrocytes. Although a positive response for induction of micronuclei in animals treated with mitomycin C demonstrated the sensitivity of the test system for detection of a chemical clastogen, YH1226 did not induce microunclei in bone marrow of ddY male mice.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권16호
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• pp.7343-7350
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• 2015

Genetic changes associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) provide very important diagnostic and prognostic information with a direct impact on patient management. Detection of chromosome abnormalities by conventional cytogenetics combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) play a very significant role in assessing risk stratification. Identification of specific chromosome abnormalities has led to the recognition of genetic subgroups based on reciprocal translocations, deletions and modal number in B or T-cell ALL. In the last twelve years 102 newly diagnosed childhood/adult ALL bone marrow samples were analysed for chromosomal abnormalities with conventional G-banding, and FISH (selected cases) using specific probes in our hospital. G-banded karyotype analysis found clonal numerical and/or structural chromosomal aberrations in 74.2% of cases. Patients with pseudodiploidy represented the most frequent group (38.7%) followed by high hyperdiploidy group (12.9%), low hyperdiploidy group (9.7%), hypodiploidy (<46) group (9.7%) and high hypertriploidy group (3.2%). The highest observed numerical chromosomal alteration was high hyperdiploidy (12.9%) with abnormal karyotypes while abnormal 12p (7.5%) was the highest observed structural abnormality followed by t(12;21)(p13.3;q22) resulting in ETV6/RUNX1 fusion (5.4%) and t(9;22)(q34.1;q11.2) resulting in BCR/ABL1 fusion (4.3%). Interestingly, we identified 16 cases with rare and complex structural aberrations. Application of the FISH technique produced major improvements in the sensitivity and accuracy of cytogenetic analysis with ALL patients. In conclusion it confirmed heterogeneity of ALL by identifying various recurrent chromosomal aberrations along with non-specific rearrangements and their association with specific immunophenotypes. This study pool is representative of paediatric/adult ALL patients in Oman.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.5391-5397
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• 2012

Background: Neuroblastoma (NB), like most human cancers, is characterized by genomic instability, manifested at the chromosomal level as allelic gain, loss or rearrangement. Genetics methods, as well as conventional and molecular cytogenetics may provide valuable clues for the identification of target loci and successful search for major genes in neuroblastoma. We aimed to investigate AURKA and MYCN gene rearrangements and the chromosomal aberrations (CAs) to determine the prognosis of neuroblastoma. Methods: We performed cytogenetic analysis by G-banding in 25 cases [11 girls (44%) and 14 boys (66%)] and in 25 controls. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with AURKA and MYCN gene probes was also used on interphase nuclei to screen for alterations. Results: Some 18.4% of patient cells exhibited CAs., with a significant difference between patient and control groups in the frequencies (P<0.0001). Some 72% of the cells had structural aberrations, and only 28% had numerical chnages in patients. Structural aberrations consisted of deletions, translocations, breaks and fragility in various chromosomes, 84% and 52% of the patients having deletions and translocations, respectively. Among these expressed CAs, there was a higher frequency at 1q21, 1q32, 2q21, 2q31, 2p24, 4q31, 9q11, 9q22, 13q14, 14q11.2, 14q24, and 15q22 in patients. 32% of the patients had chromosome breaks, most frequently in chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, 12, 19 and X. The number of cells with breaks and the genomic damage frequencies were higher in patients (p<0.001). Aneuploidies in chromosomes X, 22, 3, 17 and 18 were most frequently observed. Numerical chromosome abnormalities were distinctive in 10.7% of sex chromosomes. Fragile sites were observed in 16% of our patients. Conclusion: Our data confirmed that there is a close correlation between amplification of the two genes, amplification of MYCN possibly contributing significantly to the oncogenic properties of AURKA. The high frequencies of chromosomal aberrations and amplifications of AURKA and MYCN genes indicate prognostic value in children with neuroblastomas and may point to contributing factors in their development.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.109-115
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• 1998

Fluorscence in situ hybridization with chromosome-specific probe has been shown to be a valid and rapid method for detection of chromosome rearrangements induced by chemical and physical agents. This method is useful for quantifying structural aberrations, expecially for stable ones, such as translocation and insertion, which are difficult to detect with conventional method in human lymphocyte. In order to use the FISH method as a biodosimeter for monitoring human population exposed to various chemical and physical agent, baseline level of chromosome rearragement was established. Blood from forty four healthy adults were collected and analysed with whole chromosome-specific probes by human chromosome 1,2 and 4. The frequencies of stable translocation were 2.45 per 100 cell equivalent and those of insertion, color juction, acentric and dicentric were 0.32, 3.28, 0.23 and 0.27 per 100 cell equivalent respectively. The frequencies of chromosome rearragements increased with age in both sexes except for dicenrics. From above result, stable aberrations accumulate with age and it may reflect integrated lifetime exposure of adverse environment.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.161-174
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• 1986

A chromosomal study was performed in a total of 162 urological patients during past 2$2{\frac{1}{2}}$ years (Feb. 1984 - Aug. 1986). Of these 78(48%) patients had abnormal chromosome complements. Among all patients with chromosome abnormalities, 88% (69/78) had aberrations of chromosome number, 8% (6/78) had aberrations of chromosome structure and 4% (3/78) had aberrations of both. 90% (65/72) of numerical abnormality was Klinefelter's syndrome and the structural abnormality rate (5.6%, 9/162) was less than that (6.99%) of general population. The chromosomal study was mandatory for the detection of intersex in small testes or hypospadias with cryptorchism or clitoromegaly or bilateral cryptorchism. But unilateral cryptochism or hypospadias with normal scrotal testes was not thought to be indication of the chromosomal study if the external genitalia are otherwise quite normal.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.355-361
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• 2020

This study was designed to assess the toxicity of capsaicin-containing (CP) pharmacopunture using an in vitro chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster lung (CHL/IU) cells. In order to determine the high dose level in the main study of this study, a dose range finding study was conducted first. The high dose was selected at 10.0% of CP pharmacopuncture extract, and then diluted sequentially to produce lower dose levels of 5.00, 2.50, 1.25, 0.625 and 0.313% by applying a geometric ratio of 2. As a result, the cytotoxicity and precipitation of the CP pharmacopuncture as a test substance were not evident at any dose level during short-time treatment with and without metabolic activation and continuous treatment without metabolic activation. Therefore, the dose levels for this study were chosen as 10.0, 5.0, and 2.5%., and the treatment volume was 1.3 mL. In addition, negative and positive controls were set. In main study, the frequency of cells with chromosome aberrations in CP treated groups was less than 5% in short-time treatment with and without metabolic activation and continuous treatment without metabolic activation. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference when compared to the negative control group. The frequency of cells with structural chromosomal aberrations in the positive control group was more than 10% compared to the negative control group, and it increased statistically significantly. In conclusion, under the conditions of this study, CP pharmacopuncture did not show the possibility of causing chromosome aberrations.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.93-97
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• 1998

The results of chromosome aberration test in mammalian cells in culture (Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells) showed no induction of structural and numerical aberrations by antifungal agents of YH1715 series regardless of metabolic activation. While positive control group (mitomycin C and benzo(a)pyrene) showed structural chromosome aberrations of 37% and 23%, respectively. The in vivo induction of micronuclei was measured in polychromatic erythrocytes in bone marrow of male ddY mouse given YH1715R and YH1729R at 1, 0.5, 0.25 g/kg by p.o. once. After 24 hours, animals were sacrificed and evaluated 40 the incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in whole erythrocytes. Although a positive response for induction of micronuclei in animals treated with mitomycin C demonstrated the sensitivity of the test system for detection of a chemical clastogen, YH1715R did not induce micronuclei in bone marrow of ddY male mice but induced cytotoxicity to bone marrow cells at the highest concentration (1 g/kg, p〈0.05), and YH1729R induced micronuclei in bone marrow of ddY male mice dose dependently (p<0.05) but did not induce cytotoxicity to bone marrow cells.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.231-235
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• 1996

The calli obtained from the bulbs of A. victorialis var. platyphyllum on MS based medium containing 2 mg/L 2, 4-D and 1mg/L BA. Plants from calli were regenerated on MS basal media supplemented with combinations of NAA and four kinds of cytokinin, BA, zeatin, kinetin and 2iP, and with only each cytokinin. The good response of shoot regeneration was observed in the media with combinations of NAA and BA or zeatin, and with only BA or zeatin. Shoot regenerating response in the medium with combinations of NAA and BA or zeatin, and with only BA or zeatin. Shoot regerating response in the medium with combinations of NAA and BA or zeatin was about two times higher than that in the mediuim with only BA or zeatin. From the karyotypic analysis of the regenerated plants, abnormal diploids, aneuploids and mixoploid with structural aberrations were investigated. The somaclonal variants (AV 16-04, AV 13-03) were shown the considerable differences from normal diploid regenerant (AV 18-03) in the external morphology.