• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2022

Purpose : The goal of this study is to examine the effect of robot assisted gait training (RAGT) on the kinematic factors (temporospatial gait parameters, gait cycle ratio, and gait line length) of gait in stroke patients. Methods : The subjects of this study were 24 stroke patients selected by inclusion criteria. Participants were randomly allocated to two groups: robot assisted gait training (n=11) and general neurological physical therapy group (n=11). In the robot-assisted gait training group, robot-assisted gait training was mediated for 30 minutes a day in addition to general neurological physical therapy. The general neurological physical therapy group was mediated by general neurological physical therapy for 30 minutes a day in addition to general neurological physical therapy. The number of interventions was 5 times a week for 5 weeks. In order to compare the kinematic factors of walking between the two groups, gait analysis was performed before and after 5 weeks of training using the Zebris gait analysis system. Results : As a result of the gait analysis of the two groups, there were significant differences in temporospatial gait variables (step length, stride length, step width, step time, stride time), gait cycle ratio (swing phase, stance phase) and gait line length. However, there was no significant difference in the cadence (temporospatial gait parameters) in the robot assisted gait training group compared to general neurological physical therapy group. Conclusion : It is considered to be a useful treatment for stroke patients to promote the recovery of gait function in stroke patients. Based on the results of this study, continuous robot assisted gait training treatment is considered to have a positive effect on gait ability, the goal of stroke rehabilitation. In the future, additional studies should be conducted on many subjects of stroke patients, the kinematic factors of the legs according to the severity of stroke and treatment period, and the effect of gait training.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.113-128
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of eccentric training applied to the calf muscles on muscle tone, muscle strength, and gait variables in patients with chronic stroke. Methods: Twenty-two participants were divided into experimental (n=12; eccentric training) and control (n=10; static stretching and stretching board) groups. The participants completed 30-minute physical therapy sessions five times a week for three weeks. Calf muscle tone, muscle strength, and gait variables were measured using MyotonPRO, a hand-held dynamometer, and Optogait, respectively, before and after each intervention. Results: Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated a significant interaction effect between measurement points and groups in frequency, stiffness, and decrement of the lateral gastrocnemius, medial gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles (p<.05). Paired t-tests showed that the experimental group exhibited significantly decreased frequency and stiffness scores for the lateral gastrocnemius, medial gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles (p<.05), as well as significantly increased decrement and muscle strength scores, gait speed, step length, and stride length (p<.05). Conclusion: The application of eccentric training to the calf effectively reduced muscle tone, increased muscle strength, and improved the gait speed, step length, and stride length of patients with chronic stroke.

• EDISON SW 활용 경진대회 논문집
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• 제5회(2016년)
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• pp.384-388
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• 2016

This paper proposed a m.Sketch to search the optimal link lengths for a legged walking robot. In order to apply the m.Sketch for the proposed, set the design parameters of the constraints and use the m.Skecth to get optimal GL(Groud Length) and GAC(Ground Angle Coefficient). The legged robot designed based on four-bar linkage theory and Theo Jansen mechanism. The stride length of the legged walking robot was defined based on the proposed kinematic analysis. Use the Edison Design m.Sketch simulate and find the optimal link length having the best of the Ground Length (GL) and Ground Angle Coefficient(GAC). And use these length implemented the Theo Jansen mechanism both in Science box parts and acrylic. In addition to the further expansion of the legs to reach the goaltranslating heavy objects or person.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.521-528
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze the kinematic characteristics of the finalists in the women's 100 m event to provide important information to coaches and athletes. Three different biomechanics techniques were applied for analyzing sprinter motion: LAVEG, a panning technique, and 12 video cameras for 3 dimensional analysis of the 40 m - 70 m portion of the race. Carmelita Jeter(USA) performed the maximum speed of 10.54 m/s at the distance of 58.2 m. There was a tendency to show a better performance time with a high number of steps (p=.13) and shorter stride length (p=.14) among the 8 sprints. Furthermore, the stride frequency and the performance time were negatively correlated as a higher stride frequency had a positive impact on the performance time (p=.02). Based on 3 dimensional analysis, the 4 top ranked sprinters used the different strategies to maintain a high COM (Center of Mass) velocity during the mid portion of the race (40 m - 70 m). Carmelita Jeter(USA) showed more flexed knee and hip motion at heel contact (HC) to maintain a high COM velocity while S.A. Fraser-Pryce (JAM) showed more extended knee and hip motion at HC. On the other hands, Veronica Campbell-Brown (JAM) and Kelly-Ann Baptiste (TRI) showed a tendency to have high knee lifts during the swing phase to maintain the high COM velocity during the race. These biomechanical analyses of the women's 100 m final event in the 2011 WC, Daegu, will provide important scientific information to coaches and athletes for understanding the sprinting mechanism of today's top-class sprinters.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.163-180
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• 2003

This paper aims at collecting the guantitative data of kenematic variables by analysing the gait patterns of the normal adult men and the handicapped. The gait motions were taped with 4 video cameras, the cinematographic analyses were performed by the DLT technique of three dimensional image treatment. The following results were obtained in the analysis of the variables: 1. The ratio of stance time and swing time did not show any significant difference in the groups of the normal men and the handicapped when both foot of the former and the right feet of the latter were compared. The stride peeriod time of these two groups were 1.12 and 1.11 second, respectively. 2. In the handicapped group, the step width was wider, the step length and stride length were shorter, and especially, the step length of the right foot was shorter, 3. The small vertical displacement of left toes of the handicapped group showed that the heal contact and the left midstance are almost simultaneous. 4. The two groups have almost the same horizontal displacement of the center of gravity and the same vertical rate of extension. In view of the velocity of the center of gravity the normal adults showed the constant speed of movement. However, the handicapped adults were reduced from the right midstance to the right toe-off. 5. The handicapped showed prominently low angle on the left toe-off in the ankle joint angle, they also had the tendency to walk in the patterns of extended knee in the knee joint angle. Both the handicapped and the normal had the hyperextension on the toe-off in the hip joint angle. In the back and front angle of body, both showed the slightly back-sided walking positions. 6. Both groups had the abduction of both feet in foot placement angle, but the handicapped did not show serious abduction of left midstance.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.153-163
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• 2006

The purpose of this research was to analyze kinematic variables that appear during the instep shooting motion of female high school soccer players according to the angle of approach to find effective shooting motions. For this experiment, 5 female high school soccer players from the K city were participated in this study as the subject group, and as a through comparison and analysis of the resulting numbers of the variables, we came to the following conclusions. 1) Stride length and stride length/lower extremity length increased as the angle of approach increased. 2) As for C.O.G movement displacement, it was highest at an approach angle of $90^{\circ}$ during Right Foot Contact, at $135^{\circ}$ during Left Foot Contact, at $0^{\circ}$ during Rigth Toe Top, at $45^{\circ}$ during Impact, and at $0^{\circ}$ during Follow through. 3) The time required for each phase was longest at APP and shortest at BSP. The time required increased a little as the angle of approach increased, and the total time required also increased as the angle of approach increased. 4) The angle of the ankle joint was largest at an approach angle of $45^{\circ}$ for all events except Right Foot Contact. 5) The angle of the knee joint was largest at an approach angle of $135^{\circ}$ during Right Foot Contact, at $0^{\circ}$ during Left Foot Contact, at $45^{\circ}$ during Right Toe Top, at $135^{\circ}$ during Impact, and at $90^{\circ}$ during Follow through. 6) The angle of the hip joint was largest at an approach angle of $90^{\circ}$ during Right Foot Contact, at$0^{\circ}$ during Left Foot Contact, at $0^{\circ}$ during Right Toe Top, at $90^{\circ}$ during Impact, and at $0^{\circ}$ during Follow through.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2005년도 추계종합학술대회
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• pp.204-207
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• 2005

4족 보행로봇은 에너지원을 본체에 부착하고 다녀야 하기 때문에 산업용 로봇에서 크게 고려되지 않았던 에너지 효율이 중요한 문제로 부각되었고 이에 대한 연구가 많이 이루어지고 있다. 현재까지 4족 보행로봇 에너지 효율에 관한 연구의 대부분은 수학적 모델링, 동역학적 해석 또는 시뮬레이션으로 주기(Period)당 에너지 소모량을 근거로 효율을 평가하였다. 실험적 결과에 의한 연구는 아직 부족하며 로봇은 단순히 한주기를 보행하는 것이 아니라 연속적으로 보행하는 것이기 때문에 한주기를 기준으로 효율을 평가하는 것은 적합하지 않을 수도 있다. 본 논문에서는 실험 로봇인 TITAN-VIII을 보폭이 0.1, 0.2, 0.3[m]일 때 주기를 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0[sec]로 변경하면서 12가지 경우에 대해서 2[m]를 Trot 보행 시키면서 에너지 소모량을 측정하고 실험적 결과를 근거로 에너지 효율관계를 분석하였다.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2014

Objective: In the present study, the effects of progressive body weight support treadmill forward & backward walking training (FBWT), progressive body weight support treadmill forward walking training (FWT), and progressive body weight support treadmill backward walking training (BWT), and on stroke patients' ambulatory abilities were examined. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: A total of 36 chronic stroke patients were divided into three groups with 12 subjects in each group. Each of the groups performed one of the progressive body weight supported treadmill training methods for 30 minute, six times per week for three weeks, and then received general physical therapy without any other intervention until the follow-up tests. For the assessment of the step length, total double support, cadence, gait were measured using optogait and the 10-m walk test (10MWT), 6 minutes walk test (6MWT). Results: In the within group comparisons, all the three groups showed significant differences between before and after the intervention (p<0.05). In the comparison of the three groups, there were significant differences among the three groups in stride length, double limb support stance, cadence, 10MWT, and 6MWT in the third week, and only in stride length, 10MWT, and 6MWT test in the sixth week (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study verified that progressive body weight-supported treadmill gait training positively affected the gait ability of stroke patients in an actual gait environment. It also showed that FBWT group was more effective than FWT group and BWT group training.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.311-319
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• 2021

Objective: To investigate the effect of emphasized initial contact by using a wearable air-pressure insole to provide auditory-feedback with variations of maximum peak pressure (MPP) of the affected side on spatiotemporal gait parameters and gait symmetry of stroke patients Design: A cross-sectional study Methods: Eighteen stroke patients participated in this study. All subjects walked five trials using an air-pressure insole that provides auditory feedback with different thresholds set on the insole. First, subjects walked without any auditory feedback. Then, the MPP threshold on the affected side was set from 70% and increase threshold by 10% after each trial until 100%. They walked three times or more on the gait analyzer for each trial, and the average values were measured. Before starting the experiment, subjects measured body weight, initial gait abilities and affected side MPP without auditory feedback. Results: Temporal and spatial variables were significantly increased in trials with auditory feedback from air-pressure insole except for non-paralyzed single support time and spatial gait symmetry compared to trials without auditory feedback(p<0.05). Among the four different thresholds, the walking speed, unaffected side single support time, affected and unaffected side stride, and affected side step length were greatest at 80% threshold of maximum peak, while affected single support time, temporal gait symmetry, and unaffected step length were greatest at the maximum peak of 100% threshold. Conclusions: These results indicate that auditory feedback gait using air-pressure insoles can be an effective way to improve walking speed, single support time, step length, stride, and temporal gait symmetry in stroke patients.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.18-28
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• 1998

The objective of the study was to observe the difference of moving function of lower-limb in relation to the length 8t silouutte of tight skirt. Four types of tight skirts (2 lengths$\times$2 silhouettes) were made for the experiment. The surface E.M.S in four different locations of leg muscles (Rectos femoris, Semitendinosus, Tibalis anterior, Gastrocnemius) were recorded. The sensory test to decide how to be fatigued after longtime wearing of skirt were examined two times per a day. The fatigue sensory test was scored a Likert-type scale (1= no fatigue, 5=heavy fatigue). Data were analyzed by the repeated ANOVA ann Duncan's multiple range test with use of SAS Package. The main results of this study were as follows: 1. As a result of analysis of E.M.S., in case of walking on the floor there was significant difference in the moving function according to length of skirt and in case of stepping there was significant differnce in three ways (length silhouette, length, silhouette). 2. From the record of walking the step-length, stride-length, step-width were found affected by garments, but foot-angle was not affected. The moving function of slim type was lower than that of semi type and that of ankle-length skirt was lower than that of knee-length skirt. 3. The results of the sensory test agreed with that of E.M.G and Footprints.