• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.235-241
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• 2020

We aimed to determine the effect of timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocols on the pregnancy rate per insemination and pregnancy loss compared with AI performed at detected estrus in dairy cows and Korean Hanwoo cattle under heat stress. In dairy cattle, 1,250 sets of data that underwent AI during heat stress (temperature-humidity index ≥ 72) were categorized according to their TAI protocols or as controls: 1) PGF_2α-36 h-estradiol benzoate (EB)-36 h-TAI (PG-EB group, n = 113); 2) GnRH-7 days-PGF_2α-56 h-GnRH-16 h-TAI (Ovsynch group, n = 455); or 3) GnRH-6 days-Ovsynch (G6G group, n = 136). The remaining cows underwent AI at detected estrus (AIDE group, n = 546). The probability of pregnancy per AI 45 days after AI was higher (P < 0.01) in the PG-EB (odds ratio [OR]: 1.68), Ovsynch (OR: 1.48), and G6G (OR: 1.79) groups than in the AIDE group. However, the prevalence of pregnancy loss between 30 and 45 days after AI did not differ among the groups. In Hanwoo cattle, 617 sets of data inseminated artificially under heat stress were categorized into AIDE (n = 281), PG-EB (n = 194), and combined Ovsynch or G6G (n = 142) groups. The probability of pregnancy per AI 45 days after AI and the prevalence of pregnancy loss between 30 and 45 days after AI did not differ among the groups. Thus, implementation of a TAI protocol (PG-EB, Ovsynch, or G6G) in dairy cows under heat stress improves the pregnancy rate per AI versus AIDE, whereas there is no beneficial effect of TAI on the pregnancy rate of Hanwoo cattle under heat stress.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.83-94
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• 2009

Background and Objectives: The skin barrier protects skin against a harmful environment. Its function includes an antimicrobial barrier as well as a physical barrier. Stress is harmful to the skin barrier and there are many studies on this, but there are few about the effect of stress during pregnancy on the skin barrier of offspring. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of stress during pregnancy on the skin barrier of offspring by examination with the naked eye, cortisol, weight, TEWL and histologic tests. Materials and Methods: Male hairless mice ten weeks old were coupled with females for three days. After twelve days the females were divided into two groups. We stressed one group and not the other group. The offspring from the non-stressed (N group) and stressed (S group) grew up until four weeks. The S group was exposed to chronic mild stress using the chronic stress model protocol modified method of Wilner and Towell for a week. We made examinations with the naked eye, assessment of cortisol, weight, TEWL, and histologic test to contrast the S group with the N group. Statistical analysis was performed by using Mann-Whitney and Friedman test. Statistical significance was achieved if the probability was less than 5% (p<0.05). Results: 1. By making an examination with the naked eye, S group showed papules, creases and dryness on their skin, but N showed no change compared with normal skin. 2. There was no statistically significant difference between S group and N group in cortisol (p>0.05). 3. There was no statistically significant difference between S group and N group in weight. N group had less weight than S group (p<0.05). 4. There was no statistically significant difference between S group and N group in TEWL (p>0.05). 5. There was no statistically significant difference between S group and N group in TEWL recovery (p>0.05). 6. In TEWL and TEWL recovery, there was statistically significant difference by time between S group and N group (p<0.005). Histologically, S group showed a thicker epidermis and epidermal crest than N group. Conclusions: We found that stress during pregnancy has negative effects on the skin barrier of offspring. Though there were no statistically significant differences between S group and N group in TEWL recovery, we found evidence that the recovery of skin barrier function is interrupted by stress during pregnancy by examination with both the naked eye and histology.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.203-214
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• 2001

Maternal stress was very common symptom that every pregnant women could have experienced during pregnant period. We found that the causative factors of stress for subjects were physical change(50.8%), family relationship(13.6%), change of body image(7.4%), concern baby(6.8%), economic difficulties(6.4%), depress(4.3%), morning sickness(3%), and miscellaneous(3.5%). According to our study, maternal stress during the first trimester negatively correlated with food and nutrients intake of pregnant women and gave low weight gain during pregnancy and low birth weight of infants. It also significantly correlated with monthly income(p<0.001) and monthly food cost(p<0.001) during pregnant period. Mean intake of Calcium and Iron were $47{\sim}60%$ of RDA and $35{\sim}48$ of RDA, respectively. With the Iron supplement the total intake of Iron exceeded 100% of RDA. We also found majority of food items, except seaweeds, fruits and vegetables, were negatively correlated with maternal stress during three trimesters. Additional support system projected by professionals in health-care field could mediate maternal stress and lead to healthy pregnancy outcome.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.194-202
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• 2021

In this study the effect of vitamin C administration on pregnancy rates during summer heat stress in dairy cows was examined. A total of 80 Holstein-Friesian cows were divided into control and treatment groups (n = 40 each). Control group animals were given 10 mL isotonic normal saline, and treatment group, Vitamin C (4 mg/kg) on artificial insemination day (day 0) and 4^th, 8^th and 12^th day post insemination. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed on 30^th day post insemination by ultrasonography. Blood samples were randomly taken from 11 animals from each group. Serum P₄, GSH, MDA and plasma 8-OHdG levels were determined by using ELISA method. Results showed that 8-OHdG levels were lower in treatment group on day 4, 8 and 12 (p < 0.05) compared with the control group. Similarly, pregnancy rate was higher in treatment group (32.5%) than control (22.5%), respectively. However, MDA, P₄ and GSH levels were similar in both groups at 4^th, 8^th and 12^th day. A gradual increase in P₄, and MDA levels, and a strong positive correlation between 0, 4^th (r = 0.54), 4, 8^th (r = 0.59) and 8, 12^th (r = 0.51) day was found. Similarly, GSH levels also showed positive correlation at days 0, 4^th (r = 0.47) and 4, 8^th (r = 0.56). However, a strong negative correlation (r = -0.56) between MDA day 0, and GSH day 8 was found. In conclusion, vitamin C application during insemination period in postpartum cows increases pregnancy rate, and reduces oxidative stress metabolite 8-OHdG levels.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship among infertility stress, depression and Resilience of infertile women during infertility treatment. Methods: As a descriptive study, we surveyed 129 infertile women in 1 fertility center from November 2014 to January 2015. The data was analyzed in SPSS WIn 18.0 program. Results: Infertility stress, depression, and resilience averaged $3.23{\pm}.32$ (range of scale 1~6), $1.42{\pm}.39$ (range of scale 1~4), and $3.45{\pm}.35$ (range of scale 1~5), respectively. There was significant difference in infertility stress by job, abortion experience after pregnancy with infertility treatments, anxiety of high risk pregnancy, burden of pregnancy, important of having child. There was significant difference in depression by job, Economy burden on infertility treatment, burden of pregnancy. Infertility stress had a positive correlation with depression (r=.192. p<.029) Resilience had a negative correlation with depression (r=-.349. p<.001). Conclusion: It is necessary to provide infertile women with the counseling on their infertility stress and depression, and the intervention programs for infertile women is expected to help them cope and adapt with their personal and marital problems, reduce their negative emotions, and thus promote their quality of life.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between the intention of pregnancy and the parenting stress of mothers with infants. Method: The subjects were 124 mothers of infants who visited the public health center during the periods of June 1 to July 31, 2003. Abidin's parenting stress index and Kim's intention of pregnancy were used. Results: The results of the study are as follows. 1. The general characteristics of mothers' age of the normal infants shows that the thirty was 53.2%, the highest. Of religion the buddhism was the most. Infant's sex distribution shows that the male infants was 48.2%, female was 51.6%. Cesarean section distribution was 43.5%, Normal delivery was 56.5%. Milk feeding distribution was 50.5%. 2. The parenting stress of mothers with infants was total $57.05{\pm}13.73$. 3. The characteristics variables significantly related to the parenting stress of mothers with infants was infants's age(F=3.27, p <.05), and the characteristics variables significantly related to the intention of pregnancy was the mother's occupation(t=1.48, p <.05). 4. There was not a Significant relation between the intention of pregnancy and the parenting stress of mothers with infants. Conclusion: Through the study, to increase the health promotions of Mothers with Infants and infants should be a family planning based on results of the study.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.5-15
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• 2011

본 연구는 임신기 동안 어미쥐의 철 섭취 수준이 모체의 철 대사지표와 산화적 스트레스 및 임신의 결과에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위해 비임신쥐를 대조군으로 하여 수행하였다. 10주령 200 g 이상 된 암컷과 수컷 흰쥐를 1 : 1로 교배시켜 임신을 확인한 후, 비임신쥐 (대조군)와 임신쥐 (실험군)에게 식이 중 철 수준이 정상수준 (AIN-93G diet 수준, 35 mg Fe/kg diet), 고수준 (정상의 10배, 350 mg Fe/kg diet) 및 과잉수준 (정상의 30배, 1,050 mg Fe/kg diet)의 3가지 실험식이를 급여하였다. 임신 19일째 되는 날, 비임신쥐와 임신 쥐를 희생시켜 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 체중의 증가나 식이섭취량은 철 섭취 수준의 영향을 받지 않았고, 임신의 결과로서 태아의 수, 태아체중 및 태반무게도 철 섭취 수준의 영향은 받지 않았다. 헤모글로빈, 헤마토크릿, 혈청 철 농도 등의 혈액지표들은 철 섭취 수준의 영향은 받지 않았으나 임신에 의한 감소 경향을 보였다. 임신쥐의 철 섭취 수준의 증가에 따라 간과 지라 조직의 철 함량이 유의적으로 증가하였다. 또한 임신쥐의 간에서 페리틴 단백질 수준이 철 섭취의 증가에 따라 현저히 증가하였다. 산화적 손상지표인 지질과산화물 (MDA)은 철 섭취수준의 영향을 받지 않았고, 단백질 산화물 (protein carbonyls)은 비임신쥐와 임신쥐에서 모두 철 과잉 섭취군의 경우 유의적으로 증가하였다. 항산화효소 중에서는 철 과잉섭취군에서 간의 GPx 활성이 유의적으로 감소하였다. 결론적으로, 임신기 동안 어미쥐의 철 섭취수준의 증가는 어미쥐의 혈액지표와 임신의 결과에는 유의적인 영향을 미치지 않았지만, 간 조직 내 철 함량과 페리틴 단백질 수준을 유의적으로 증가시켰으며, 간 조직에서 단백질 산화물인 protein carbonyl 농도를 증가시키고, 항산화효소 중 특히 GPx의 활성 감소를 초래하였다. 또한 간 조직에서 세포사멸을 억제하는 중요한 인자인 Bcl-2 단백질 수준이 임신쥐에서 철 섭취의 증가에 따라 유의적으로 감소하였다. 이러한 영향이 철을 정상 수준의 10배 섭취한 군에서는 약하게 나타났으나, 30배 과잉으로 철을 섭취한 군에서는 유의적으로 차이를 보였다. 이 결과는 임신시 철 과잉 섭취의 해로운 영향이 지금까지 철 대사의 측정도구로 삼아왔던 혈액지표의 변화 보다는 체내에서 일어나는 조직의 산화적 스트레스의 증가나 조직 내 철의 축적 등에 보다 더 민감하게 반영됨을 알 수 있었다. 따라서, 철 과잉 섭취가 모체 뿐만 아니라 태생 조직의 산화적 스트레스에도 영향을 줄 수 있음을 시사하였다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.109-121
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• 2006

This study examines the relationship between mother's stress and cortisol level during late pregnancy and how it changes into postpartum periods. Thirty one families were recruited from Daejeon and Incheon in South Korea. The major findings were as follows: (1) The level of mothers' cortisol followed the typical diurnal pattern of decline throughout the day. Further longitudinal analysis revealed that the level of Korean mothers' cortisol steadily lowered from the 8th prenatal month to the 6th postnatal month. (2) During pregnancy, mothers reported to experience changes in physical activities, daily routines, eating habits, types or amount of social activities and sleeping habits. Among these they were stressed the most by changes in physical activities and social activities. (3) The results of postpartum depression tests conducted at two months after giving birth showed mothers at this time were mostly stressed from difficulty sleeping and unnecessary self criticism. (4) The level of psycho social stress in mothers at six months after giving birth was mainly on social roles and the questions about self reliance marked the highest points. (5) Overall, there was a tendency for the level of maternal stress to decrease definitely from before and after the delivery and even though the level of stress was steadily decreasing up to 6th postpartum month it was not as sharp as those of before and after the birth of the babies. The level of cortisol analysis also showed the same obvious tendency.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.187-198
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to implement a child abuse prevention program and evaluate its effectiveness based on the Nursing Model of Resilience and Coping Skills Training Model for unmarried mothers during pregnancy and puerperium. Methods: This study had a prospective single-case, AB design with four repeated self-questionnaire measures and three observational measures. Seven unmarried mothers were provided with 10 sessions child abuse prevention program through individual visits from 32 to 34 weeks of pregnancy to six weeks after childbirth. The questionnaire was composed related to resilience, maternal stress, maternal attitude, parent-child interaction, child abuse potential. The observation was measured by video recording (total 16 times) the interaction of parent-child during feeding and analyzing it by three experts. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Friedman's test. Results: Maternal attitude and parent-child interaction were statistically significantly improved after intervention compared to before intervention. However, maternal stress decreased after intervention compared to before intervention, but it was not statistically significant. Additionally, resilience and child abuse potential were not statistically significant. This program is partially effective in preventing child abuse by promoting parenting attitudes and parent-child interactions. Conclusion: This study focused on individual resilience and applied systematic intervention as coping skills training to prevent child abuse. This study is meaningful in that interventions were conducted through individual visits to unmarried mothers at high risk of child abuse, and the program was applied, including pregnancy and postpartum periods, to prevent child abuse early.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.369-379
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• 2021

본 연구는 임신성 당뇨병 임부와 정상 임산부의 스트레스, 우울, 피로 및 수면의 질을 비교하기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 연구대상은 연령, 임신주수, 출산 횟수가 일치하는 임신성 당뇨병 임부 49명과 정상 임부 51명이었다. 자료수집은 구조화된 설문지, 숫자 척도, Canopy9 RSA(IEMBIO, Gangwondo, Korea)장비를 사용하여 측정하였다. 자료 분석은 SPSS for window version 24.0을 이용하여 빈도, 백분율, 평균과 표준편차 Independent two sample t-test, Fisher's exact test, x²-test로 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과 임신성 당뇨병 임부는 임신 전 체중(t=3.698, p<.001)이 높고 임신 중 스트레스(t=4.505, p<.001), 우울(t=4.564, p<.001), 피로(t=3.709, p<.001)가 높았기 때문에 임신 전 체중 관리가 중요하며, 임신성 당뇨병 임산부의 스트레스, 피로, 우울을 완화하는 간호가 필요하다.