• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.25-38
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• 1996

To investigate the stability problem of irrigation-drainage channel excavation slope on soft ground, analyzed the behavior of the soft ground with excavation slope by the limit equilibrium method and the finite element method, and compared with field tests. The results of this study were summarized as follows; 1. When rapid drawdown the water level, the crack was occurred by the effect of the excess pore water pressure, and the pore water pressure was decreased slowly. 2. As the width of excavation was larger, the crack width was larger. And, excavated depth was deeper, the progressive failure was appeared. 3. When the soft ground excavation was small-scale, the minimum safety factor was more effected by cohesion(1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0) than excavated slope inclination(1:l, 1:1.5, 1:2). 4. As excavation was progressed, the settlement occurred on the top-slope due to plastic domain, and heaving was occurred at the bottom of excavation. 5. The maximum shear stress was appeared greatly as the base part of slope went down. Because of the increase of the maximum shear stress, tension area occurred and local failure possibility was increased. 6. As the excavation depth was increased, the maximum shear strain was appeared greatly at the base of slope and distribution pattern was concentrated beneath the middle of slope.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.219-235
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• 1993

To determine the compatibilities of soft liming materials with denture cleansers by measuring the flexibility and elasticity and investigating the surface changes, 4 self-curing acrylic resin soft lining materials and 1 heat-curing silicone soft lining material were evaluated. 3mm thick x 20mm diameter discs of soft lining materials were individually bonded to a hard acrylic resin base as per manufacturers’instructions. Using an Instron universal testing machine, a static stress of $2kg/cm^2$ was applied for 30secs., the strain in compression was measured, giving an indication of the material’s flexibility. Elastic recovery was measured at 10secs. After removal of stress. Surface changes were investigated with Stereomicroscope. Then the specimens were immersed in 4alkaline peroxide denture cleansers and water as control group, tests were carried out at 1 day, 2 days, 7 days, 14 days and 30 days. The results were as follows : 1. Alkaline peroxide denture cleansers caused considerable porosity on the surface of selfcuring acrylic resin soft lining materials, and the most affected by the cleansers were Viscogel, Coe-Soft, Coe-Comfort, Lynal, in that order. 2. There was significant difference in flexibility between each soft lining material except for Coe-Comfort and Visco-gel, and every soft lining material was significant difference in elasticity. Especially Molloplast-B and Lynal were less flexible and more elastic than other soft lining materials(p<0.05). 3. The denture cleansers increased the flexibility and elasticity of the soft lining materials compared with control group(p<0.05), and Denalan, Polident, Kleenite, Efferdent affected the soft lining materials in that order. 4. There was significant difference in flexibility between each denture cleanser except for Denalan and Polident(p<0.05). Though Denalan and Polident, Denalan and Kleenite did not show significant difference in elasticity, other denture cleansers showed significant difference among each other(p<0.05). 5. Clinically Coe-Comfort, Coe-Soft and Visco-gel were incompatible with alkaline peroxide denture cleansers, and Lynal would be used within only 2 weeks. But Molloplast-B was compatible with alkaline peroxide denture cleansers.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.53-73
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• 2023

Man-made structure materials like concrete usually contain inclusions. These inclusions affect the mechanical properties of concrete. In this investigation, the influence of inclusion length and inclination angle on three-dimensional failure mechanism of concrete under uniaxial compression were performed using experimental test and numerical simulation. Approach of acoustic emission were jointly used to analyze the damage and fracture process. Besides, by combining the stress-strain behavior, quantitative determination of the thresholds of crack stress were done. concrete specimens with dimensions of 120 mm × 150 mm × 100 mm were provided. One and two holes filled by gypsum are incorporated in concrete samples. To build the inclusion, firstly cylinder steel tube was pre-inserting into the concrete and removing them after the initial hardening of the specimen. Secondly, the gypsum was poured into the holes. Tensile strengths of concrete and gypsum were 2.45 MPa and 1.5 MPa, respectively. The angle bertween inclusions and axial loadind ary from 0 to 90 with increases of 30. The length of inclusion vary from 25 mm to 100 mm with increases of 25 mm. Diameter of the hole was 20 mm. Entirely 20 various models were examined under uniaxial test. Simultaneous with experimental tests, numerical simulation (Particle flow code in two dimension) were carried out on the numerical models containing the inclusions. The numerical model were calibrated firstly by experimental outputs and then failure behavior of models containing inclusions have been investigated. The angle bertween inclusions and axial loadind vary from 0 to 90 with increases of 15. The length of inclusion vary from 25 mm to 100 mm with increases of 25 mm. Entirely 32 various models were examined under uniaxial test. Loading rate was 0.05 mm/sec. The results indicated that when inclusion has occupied 100% of sample thickness, two tensile cracks originated from boundaries of sample and spread parallel to the loading direction until being integrated together. When inclusion has occupied 75% of sample thickness, four tensile cracks originated from boundaries of sample and spread parallel to the loading direction until being integrated together. When inclusions have occupied 50% and 25% of sample thickness, four tensile cracks originated from boundaries of sample and spread parallel to the loading direction until being integrated together. Also the inclusion was failed by one tensile crack. The compressive strength of samples decease with the decreases of the inclusions length, and inclusion angle had some effects on that. Failure of concrete is mostly due to the tensile crack. The behavior of crack, was affected by the inclusion length and inclusion number.

• Composites Research
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.53-59
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• 2016

Aircraft wing structure is used as a fuel tank containing the fluid. Fuel tank and joint parts are consists of composite structure. Hydrodynamic Ram(HRAM) effect occurs when the high speed object pass through the aircraft wing or explosion and the high pressure are generated in the fuel tank by HRAM effect. High pressure can cause failure of the fuel tank and the joint parts as well as the aircraft wing structure. To ensure the aircraft survivability design, we shall examine the behavior of the joint parts in HRAM effect. In this study, static tensile tests were conducted on four kind of the composite T-Joints. The failure behavior of the composite T-joint was examined by strain gauges and high speed camera. We examine the validity of the Finite Element Modeling by comparing the results of FEA and static tensile tests. The failure stresses and failure pressure of the composite T-Joint were calculated by FEA.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.463-474
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• 2009

Double symmetric patch repair of existing structures always causes membrane action only, however, in many cases this technique is not practical. On the other hand, the bending stiffness of the patch and the skin increases as tensile loading is increased and affects the bending deformation significantly in the case of single-sided patch repair. In this study, the p-convergent full layerwise model has been proposed to determine the stress concentration factor in the vicinity of a circular hole as well as across the thickness of plates with single-sided patch repair. In assumed displacement field, the strain-displacement relations and 3-D constitutive equations of a layer are obtained by the combination of 2-D and 3-D hierarchical shape functions. The transfinite mapping technique has been used to represent a circular boundary and Gauss-Lobatto numerical integration is implemented in order to directly obtain stresses occurred at the nodal points of each layer without other extrapolation techniques. The accuracy and simplicity of the present model are verified with comparison of the previous results in literatures using experiment and conventional 3-D finite element. Also, the bending effect has been investigated with various patch types like square, circular and annular shape.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.129-146
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• 2010

System response times(SRTs) are getting important while increasing the function of system. In the past, most research studied SRTs on situation of computer usage. There are lacking the research on simple domain. This study focuses on behavioral and emotional effect on situation of cell phone usage(experience 1; independent variables: degree of SRTs, dependent variables: behavioral and emotional evaluation). And this study investigates the behavioral and emotional effect in same SRTs on different situation(experience 2; independent variables: degree of SRTs, usage mode, dependent variables: behavioral and emotional evaluation, stress, mental strain). The result indicated that long SRTs increased problem solving time and negative emotion. User evaluated the system differently according to usage mode after they performed the same task. In other word, if user had a strong goal, then they felt more negative emotion and mental effort than the user don't have a strong goal. In the goal mode group, it was important there are being of delay or not. This study demonstrated that SRTs and usage mode influence user's emotion and behavior performance in same task.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.245-256
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• 2000

A moment-curvature relationship to simulate the behavior of reinforced concrete beam under cyclic loading is introduced. Unlike previous moment-curvature models and the layered section approach, the proposed model takes into consideration the bond-slip effect by using monotonic moment-curvature relationship constructed on the basis of the bond-slip relation and corresponding equilibrium equation at each nodal point. In addition, the use of curved unloading and reloading branches inferred from the stress-strain relation of steel gives more exact numerical result. The advantages of the proposed model, comparing to layered section approach, may be on the reduction in calculation time and memory space in case of its application to large structures. The modification of the moment-curvature relation to reflect the fixed-end rotation and pinching effect is also introduced. Finally, correlation studies between analytical results and experimental studies are conducted to establish the validity of the proposed model.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.200-207
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• 2018

At high salt concentration, glycine betaine is transported into Bacillus subtilis and growing rate of the cell is not suppressed. Also according to recent studies, cell growth is maintained normal growth rate at low temperature. Low temperature results in a stress response of Bacillus subtilis that is characterized by strong repression of major metabolic activities such as translation machinery and membrane transport. In this regards, genes showing cold sensitive phenotype are cold-induced DEAD box RNA helicases (ydbR, yqfR) and fatty acid desaturases (bkdR, des). Therefore to understand the effect of glycine betaine on cold growth of Bacillus subtilis, we investigated the effect of glycine betaine on growth rate of these deletion mutants showing cold sensitive phenotype. Glycine betaine strongly stimulated growth of wild type Bacillus subtilis JH642 and deletion mutants of ydbR and yqfR at $20^{\circ}C$ (190~686 min $T_d$ difference). On the other hands, glycine betaine does not show growth promoting effects on deletion mutants of bkdR, and des at cold conditions. Same cold protectant growth results were shown with the precursor choline instead of glycine betaine. We investigated the effects of detergents on the cell membrane in bkdR and des deficient strains associated with cell membrane. It was identified that bkdR deficient strain shows retarded growth with detergent such as Triton X-100 or N-lauryl sarcosine compared with wild type cell. Thus, it is possible that deletion mutation of bkdR modifies membrane structure and effects on transport of glycine betaine.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.572-581
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to improve the irregularity of the stress-strain curve and to ensure accuracy when calculating the damping effect by preventing members from moving in the off-plane direction due to eccentricity when loads are applied. Method: The specifications of the steel strips used in this study are the same, but the curvature of the strips to constitute each damper is different. Each steel strip with different curvature was arranged in an triangle, three dampers with different curvature were made, and repeated load tests were conducted, and the amount of energy dissipation was calculated to measure the performance of the damper. Result: The amount of energy dissipation significantly decreases compared to the case where there is no initial curvature, and the change in the test energy dissipation amount according to the size of the curvature is not large, and the presence or absence of the hyperbolic rate is considered an important variable. Conclusion: The period is about 78.7% longer from T=0.3 to T=0.536sec, and the response spectrum acceleration is reduced from Sa=0.54g to Sa=0.229g, so the damping effect of the damper is sufficient.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.147-161
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• 2012

This study is to assess the effect of horizontal misfit of an implant supported 3-unit fixed prosthodontics on the stress development at the marginal cortical bone surrounding implant neck. Two finite element models consisting of a three unit fixed prosthodontics and an implant/bone complex were constructed on a three dimensional basis. The three unit fixed prosthodontics were designed either shorter (d=17.8mm model) or longer (d=18.0mm model) by 0.1mm than the span of two implants placed at the mandibular second premolar and second molar areas 17.9mm apart. Fitting of the fixed prosthodontics onto the implant abutments was simulated by a total of 6 steps, that is to say, 0.1mm displacement per each step, using DEFORM 3D (ver 6.1, SFTC, Columbus, OH, USA) program. Stresses in the fixed prosthodontics and implants were evaluated using von-Mises stress, maximum compressive stress, and radial stress as necessary. The d=17.8mm model assembled successfully on to the implant abutments while d=18.0mm model did not. Regardless if the fixed prosthodontics fitted onto the abutments or not, excessively higher stresses developed during the course of assembly trial and thereafter. On the marginal cortical bone around implants during the assembly, the peak tensile and compressive stresses were as high as 186.9MPa and 114.1MPa, respectively, even after the final sitting of the fixed prosthodontics (for d=17.8mm model). For this case, the area of marginal bone subject to compressive stresses above 55MPa, equivalent of the $4,000{\mu}{\varepsilon}$, i.e. the reported threshold strain to inhibit physiological remodeling of human cortical bone, extended up to 2mm away from implant during the assembly. Horizontal misfit of 0.1mm can produce excessively high stresses on the marginal cortical bone not only during the fixed prosthodontics assembly but also thereafter.