• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.12
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• pp.1727-1733
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Vaccinium uliginosum L. (bilberry) on chemically induced diabetes and hypercholesterolemia. Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into six groups, control (CON), bilberry added group (CBB), streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic group (STZ), STZ and bilberry added group (SBB), high fat fed group (HFF) and high fat and bilberry added group (HFB). Diabetes was chemically induced by intravenous injection of 45 mg/kg body weight STZ in citrate buffer (pH 4.5). Serum triglycerides decreased significantly (p<0.05) in the STZ group that was fed bilberry. Additionally, the athrogenic index (AI) decreased significantly (p<0.05) when compared to the STZ group, while the liver triglycerides tended to decrease in the STZ group. HDL-cholesterol also increased significantly in response to bilberry. When compared to the STZ group, steady attenuation of the blood glucose level was observed upon fasting, 15 min, 30 min, 60 min and 120 min after oral glucose administration. The blood glucose level in the bilberry fed group decreased by 24% when compared to STZ group, while the superoxide dismutase (SOD) became significantly higher (p<0.05) in the STZ group when compared to the CON group. Overall, the results of this study suggest that bilberry stimulates lipid metabolism in both the serum and liver and has a positive effect on glucose metabolism in chemically induced diabetic rats.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.1012-1018
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to determine whether Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein (APP) is dysregulated in adipose tissues of C57BL/6 male mice by high-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity, aging, or streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. APP mRNA expression was examined by quantitative real-time PCR (QPCR) in subcutaneous (SAT) and epididymal adipose tissues (EAT) from mice in 8 different condition groups. By combining conditions of age (16 weeks/26 weeks of age), diet (normal diet (ND)/high-fat diet), and induction of diabetes (non-diabetic/diabetic), 88 mice were divided into 8 different groups. QPCR demonstrated that APP expression in SAT was significantly increased by about two-fold in HFD-induced obese mice compared to both 16 week-old and 26 week-old mice in the ND group (16 weeks p=0.001; 26 weeks p<0.0001), but no changes in EAT was found. Particular effects of aging on APP gene expression were not observed in either adipose tissue depots. Significantly decreased APP expression was found in SAT in STZ-induced diabetic mice fed on ND or HFD at 16 weeks of age (ND p<0.05; HFD p<0.01). Linear regression analysis demonstrated that APP expression levels correlated with body weight in both the non-diabetic group (R=0.657, p<0.0001, n=39) and the diabetic group (R=0.508, p=<0.0001, n=49), but did not correlate with plasma glucose levels, which suggests that decreased APP expression in STZ-induced diabetic mice is most likely due to weight loss rather than hyperglycemia. These data confirm APP dysregulation by weight changes in humans and suggest a possible role linking midlife obesity with the later development of amyloidogenesis in the brain of older patients with Alzheimer's disease.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.441-445
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• 2005

Pinitol and chiro-inositol exert insulin-like effect by mediating post-receptor signaling pathway. Total chiro-inositol concentrations, including pinitol, chiro-inositol, and their derivatives, were determined in 115 natural and food materials to identify economical sources for mass production of pinitol. Carob pod, Bougainvillea, soy whey, and soybean oligosaccharides were rich sources of chiro-inositol. Pinitol was isolated from soy whey and carob pod, considered as economically viable sources, by chromatographic separation using activated carbon. Soy and carob pinitols had same chemical structure as that of reference pinitol based on HPLC and NMR results. Oral administration of soy pinitol and carob pinitol (10 mg/kg) significantly decreased blood glucose at 2-6 hr in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. These results suggest pinitol isolated from soy whey and carob pod could be beneficial in controlling blood glucose in animal model of diabetes mellitus.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.85-90
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• 2012

Periodontal disease induces an increased incidence of tooth loss, particularly in cases with an associated loss of alveolar bone and periodontal ligaments. In this study, alveolar bone loss was detected by micro-computed tomography (CT) following exposure to E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mouse model. A 10 mg/ml dosage of E. coli LPS was applied between the first, second and third molars of the mice three times a week for 10 weeks. The loss of periodontal ligaments and alveolar processes was then evaluated by micro-CT using two and three dimensional microstructure morphometric parameters. In the diabetic mice, E. coli LPS induced the destruction of periodontal ligaments and loss of alveolar process spaces. The distances between periodontal ligaments were significantly widened in the STZ-LPS group compared with the untreated STZ group. The 10 mg/ml exposure to E. coli LPS in the STZ mice also resulted in a significant decrease in the alveolar bone volume fraction. The results of our study suggest that alveolar bone loss can be readily detected by volumetric micro-CT analysis as an increase in the distance between periodontal ligaments and in the alveolar process length.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.87-100
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• 2003

The present studies have been designed to evaluate the effect of acute wound healing that frequency and intensity of pulsed ultrasound application in diabetic rat. Mild diabetes mellitus was induced in rat with 45 mg/kg streptozotocin. The results were analyzed and summarized as follows: 1. The rate of wound length on ultrasonic capacity in $1.0\;W/cm^2$ $SATA_i$ group was more significantly decreased than $0.5\;W/cm^2$ $SATA_i$ group. 2. In the histological change, the $1.0\;W/cm^2$ $SATA_i$ application group was more effective than $0.5\;W/cm^2$ $SATA_i$ group, decrease of inflammatory cell was significantly in several groups. From the conclusions above, in this study application of 3 MHz pulsed ultrasound in acute wound healing, $1.0\;W/cm^2$ $SATA_i$ capacity can be an effective way of promotion wound healing than $0.5\;W/cm^2$ $SATA_i$ capacity in diabetic rat.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.167-171
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• 2001

The Hypoglycemic effect of exo-polymers (EPs) produced from submerged mycelial cultures of five types of mushrooms on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were investigated in this study. The five experimental groups were fed with EPs (50 mg/kg body weight) for 7 days. Significant reduction in plasma glucose, total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) levels were observed in rats fed with Lentinus edodes and Cordyceps militaris EPs. Plasma glucose and TC were also reduced by administration of Phellinus linteus EPs, but the TG level was not changed significantly. The EPs of three mushroom species also demonstrated a marked reduction in the level of plasma glutamate-pyruvate transminase (GPT). The result proves the hypoglycemic activity of EPs of three fungal group in STZ-induced diabetic rats and indicates their potential in the control of diabetes mellitus.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.341-358
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• 1997

Clusterin is a highly glycosylated protein composed of two disulfide linked subunits. Although its biolobical action is not clearly defined, clusterin seems to be involved not only in remodeling of damaged tissue, but also in production of halitosis, the present study was designated to elucidate the expression of clusterin in the salivary gland of diabetic rats. For this study, 24 Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the experiment and divided into 2groups: control and experimental. The experimental group was composed of 18 rats and the control goup was 6 rats. After nduction of diabetes by STZ injection, the animals were sacrificed at 1,3,5,7,10,14 days. The parotid and submamndibular glands were observed histologically and the transcriptional expression of clusterin in the glands by Northern blot. The finding were as follows : 1. In experimental group, the salivary glands were observed at day 3 and then a seven destructive pattern was found in the glands at day 5. Howere, regeneration of gland tissue occured at day 14. 2. In experimental goup, destructive change was examined in the septal connective tissue after 7 days, and gradually more serious. 3. In experimental group, clusterin was expressed in the submandibular glands after 5 days, but in parotid glands to a lesser extent after 10 days. These results suggest that clusterin seems to be closely associated with histologic changes in the mucous glands rather serous glands.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.25-39
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• 2010

Background : At high glucose levels in $\beta$-cells, cell viability and insulin secretion are decreased by glucotoxicity. Sopyung-tang(SPT) had an effect on blood glucose level decrease and antioxidant enzyme activities in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Objectives : This study performed a series of experiment to verify the effects of SPT extract on the cell viability, antioxidant enzyme activities, insulin secretion and insulin mRNA expression at hyperglycemic states of RIN-m5F. Methods : After treatment at various concentrations of SPT added to the RIN-m5F cells, cell viability by MTT assay, free radical-scavenging activity, SOD activity and insulin secretion were measured. Additionally, insulin-related gene expression was measured using real-time RT-PCR. Results : Compared to the control group, SPT extract showed considerable effects on RIN-m5F cell viability, DPPH radical-scavenging activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, insulin secretion and insulin-related gene expression. Conclusions : This study showed that SPT extract has an effect on $\beta$-cell cell viability, insulin secretion and insulin-related gene expression. Thus, SPT extract may be used for treatment of diabetes and its complications. Further mechanism studies of SPT seem to be necessary on the glucotoxicity and oxidative stress.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.50-64
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• 2004

The studies have been designed to evaluate the effect of wound healing of pulsed ultrasound and chitosan application in diabetic incisive wound of rats. Mild diabetes mellitus was induced in rat used 30 mg/kg streptozotocin. Full thickness skin incision was made on the backs of Sprague-Dawley rats. We used 72 Sprague-Dawley rats which were divided into 4 groups; the subjects were divided into group of 6 rats each 3, 6, and 15 days. The results were summarized as follows; The rate of wound length of pulsed ultrasound with chitosan application groups more decreased than only pulsed ultrasound treatment group. The density of inflammatory cells in the experimental groups was more significantly decreased than diabetic control group(p<0.05). Historically, in the ultrasound with chitosan application groups, reepithelized epithelium was thicker and the collagen fiber were organized in a liner manner and connective tissue was matured faster those of the diabetic control group(p<0.05). From the conclusions above, in this study application of pulsed ultrasound and chitosan can be an effective way of promotion of wound healing in diabetic model.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.258-268
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• 2010

This study was conducted to examine the hypoglycemic effects of complexcity extract(DB 55) from five oriental medicinal plants on the intake of food, body weight, blood glucose level, insulin content, serum GOP, GPT, BUN and hematocrit value in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. General nutritional composition was also assessed. Thirty- five male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to five groups : normal control group(NC), STZ-diabetic control group (STZ-control), STZ-diabetic DB-1 group(DB 55-1), STZ-diabetic DB-2 group(DB 55-2) and STZ-diabetic DB-3 group(DB 55-3). The animals were fed an experimental diet for 12 weeks. Body weight gain of the STZ-diabetic group was significantly lower but diet intake was significantly higher than the NC group. Blood glucose levels of the DB-1, DB-2 and DB-3 rats were significantly lower than the STZ-control animals. Insulin level of STZ-control rats was lower than the NC serum GOT, GPT and BUN levels were significantly higher in the NC group, but hematocrit value was not significant as compare to the STZ-diabetic group. Blood glucose level was lower observed for the DB 55-1, DB 55-2 and DB 55-3 group. The results will be useful in oriental diet therapy and in the developing functional food resources.