• 인지과학
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.21-38
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• 2023

본 연구는 인출 연습의 난이도 수준과 범주와 범주 내 자극의 연합강도가 기억억제에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 기존의 연구들은 대부분 인출 연습 범주 내 비 인출 연습 단어의 연합강도나 정서가, 물리적 특성 조작을 통해 같은 인출 연습 동안 떠오르는 정도를 조작해 억제가 이루어지는지 연구되었다. 따라서 인출 연습 시 인출 자극의 인출 정도의 난이도가 달라질 때 어떻게 억제가 발생되는지 연구될 필요성이 있다. 인출의 난이도는 인출 학습 시 제시되는 떠올려야 하는 단어의 자음과 모음의 제시 정도를 통해 어려운 조건, 보통 조건, 쉬운 조건의 세 수준으로 조작되었다. 또한 추가적으로 범주와 범주 내 단어들 간의 연합강도가 조작되었다. 기존의 연구에서는 범주와 범주 내 단어들 간의 연합강도가 강한 조건에서는 인출 유도 망각이 발생된 반면, 범주와 범주 내 단어들 간의 연합강도가 약한 조건에서는 인출 유도 망각이 발생되지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 인출 난이도에 따라 억제 과정이 다르게 나타날 경우 범주와의 연합강도에 따라 기존의 연구결과와 다르게 나올 가능성을 탐구하였다. 연구 결과 범주와 범주 내 단어들의 연합강도가 강한 조건에서는 인출 난이도가 어려운 조건과 보통 조건에서 인출 유도 망각이 관찰된 반면, 인출 난이도가 쉬운 조건에서는 인출 유도 망각이 관찰되지 않았다. 그리고 연합 강도가 약한 조건에서는 인출 난이도가 어려운 조건에서 인출 유도 망각의 경향성을 보인 반면, 난이도가 보통 조건과 쉬운 조건에서는 인출 유도 망각이 나타나지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 인출 난이도에 따라서 기억 억제가 다르게 나타날 가능성이 시사된다.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.192-202
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the predictive relationships between predictors [(difficulty on daily activities due to arthritis, falls, and pain, grip strength, and activities of daily living (ADLs)], and perceived health in community-living older adults in Korea. Method: A descriptive, cross-sectional survey design was used. Data were obtained from Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing conducted in 2006. A stratified sample was selected of 5,545 older adults who were over 60 years old for analysis of this study. Descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson's correlations, and multiple regressions were used. Result: Mean age was 70.27 years (SD=7.27) ranged from 60 and 105 years old. Perceived health was significantly associated with grip strength, and ADL. With multiple regression, all main variables explained 22.1% for perceived health. Difficulty on daily activities due to pain was the strongest predictor on perceived health. Grip strength, ADLs, gender, and difficulty on daily activities due to arthritis and falls were also significant predictors on perceived health. Conclusion: When developing nursing intervention to improve perceived health in older adults, their difficulties on daily activities, grip strength, and ADLs should be assessed.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 1995년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.135-138
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• 1995

Recently, most of advanced materials used a wide industry field commonly have the characteristics of difficulty-to-cut materials. The cutting of difficulty-ro-cut materials have a variable optimum cutting conditions and methods according to materials. Above all,it is important of understanding to machinability of each materials. Especially, superalloy with Elevated Temperature Strength like as Incone1718 was used in nuclear power equipment and jet engine parts. This research shows a machining characteristics of Heat-Resistant alloy for high efficiency cutting through cutting force,tool wear and cutting temperature in SUS304 and Incone1718.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2009

Human physical activity to lead daily life is performed by a variety of muscular activity strategies. These strategies can be influenced by characteristics, difficulty and muscle fatigue of work. Therefore this study examines muscular strengths (grip and back strength) of workers engaged in electronics industry in Korea, compares them to mean value of muscular strength by sex and age, accumulates related data and then aims to develop improvement methods of working environment and prevention/management program.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.377-385
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 2014 코리아컵 국제체조대회 링 종목 결승전에 참여한 국내외 우수선수를 대상으로 난도 점수, 실행 점수 및 실시기술에 대한 난도요소 분포, 그룹요소별 기술 분포 등에 대한 연기내용을 분석한 융복합연구로서 경기력 향상을 위한 훈련방향 설정과 연기구성 및 기술 습득 전략 수립에 기여하고자 수행하였다. 자료 수집은 경기 성적표와 심판들에게 배포되는 경기결과 자료 및 경기영상을 촬영한 것을 이용하였다. 연기내용 분석 결과에 대한 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 우리나라 선수들의 경기기술은 난도가 높은 힘 버티기 보다는 스윙기에 의존하는 특성을 보였다. 둘째, 스윙기 기술에 익숙한 특성을 살려서 난도가 높은 Jonasson과 Roll bwd. slowly with str. arms and body to swallow(2s.) 기술 습득이 필요하다. 셋째, 버티기 기술과 고난도 기술 습득을 위한 기술 감각훈련 및 근력 강화 프로그램이 개발되어야 한다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.306-310
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to observe the change in gamma-band cortical activities (GBAs) due to task difficulty. Event-related potential and gamma-band activity were investigated using electroencephalograms recorded during auditory oddball tasks with two difficulty levels. For more difficult task, the amplitude of P300 decreased and the peak latency of P300 was delayed significantly compared to easier task. The induced GBA decreased considerably during the P300 latency period and the peak latency of the induced GBA was delayed for more difficult task. The results imply that the difficulty-related change in cortical information processing may be implemented as a change in the strength of local neuronal association.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2001년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.257-262
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• 2001

There are only a few tests to ensure concrete quality before placing in domestic situ; One is slump test for workability, the other is air content test for durability, the concrete compressive strength which is one of important factors to influence on concrete Quality has been tested after 28 days placing. Methods on early judgement of concrete strength have been introduced for concrete quality management, but such methods are time consuming, expensive, and required special expertise. Therefore, these have difficulty in situ application for concrete management. This study aimed at reviewing application of estimated equation of compressive strength as means for ready-mixed concrete, making an estimated equation which enables to estimate 28 days compressive strength by using regression formula analysis on basis of mixing designs of ready mixed concrete and results of compressive strength.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.309-315
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• 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of the existing classification and difficulty index of impacted mandibular third molars in clinical situations and propose a more practical classification system. Materials and Methods: This study included 204 impacted mandibular third molars in 154 patients; panoramic x-ray images were obtained before tooth extraction. Factors including age, sex, and pattern of impaction were investigated. All impacted third molars were classified and scored for spatial relationship (1-5 points), depth (1-4 points), and ramus relationship (1-3 points). All variables were measured twice by the same observer at a minimum interval of one month. Finally, the difficulty index was defined based on the total points scored as slightly difficult (3-4 points), moderately difficult (5-7 points), very difficult (8-10 points), and extremely difficult (11-12 points). Results: The strength of agreement of the total points scored and difficulty index were 0.855 and 0.746, respectively. Most cases were classified as moderately difficult (73.0%). Although only 13 out of 204 cases (6.4%) were classified as extremely difficult, patients classified as extremely difficult were the oldest (P<0.05). Conclusion: For difficulty classification, the authors propose one more difficult category beyond the existing three-step difficulty index: the clinician should consider the patient's age in the difficulty index evaluation.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2007년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.987-990
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• 2007

The accuracy of sound strength (G) measurement method in ISO 3382 has been questioned. One of the main reason is the difficulty in measuring a reference sound level in an anechoic chamber with the same set-up which was applied for the actual hall measurements. In the present paper, an in-situ measurement method for G was proposed by investigating the present G measurement method shown in ISO 3382. In addition, the sound radiation characteristics of typical omnidirectional loudspeakers were investigated and Phi (O) of auto correlation function (ACF) parameters was also calculated from an actual music excerpt to characterize the sound energy distribution in concert halls.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.456-460
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• 2011

A major source of difficulty in die design for high strength steel is the high level of elastic recovery during unloading. The degree of elastic recovery is affected by factors such as material strength, bending angle, punch's corner radius and sheet thickness. Finite Element Method was used in the present work to quantitatively analyze the elastic recovery for various combinations of these parameters. In some cases elastic recovery happened in reverse direction. This phenomenon, which we call spring-go, was explained via changes in stress distribution in the panel occurring in the forming process.