• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.56-63
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• 2003

Fractional composition and mobility of sediments some heavy metals in Okdong stream are investigated. The fractional scheme for sediment heavy metal was made for five chemically defined heavy metal forms as adsorbed fraction, carbonate fraction, reducible fraction, organic fraction, and residual fraction (Tessier et at., 1979). The most abundant fraction of the sediment heavy metal is reducible and secondly abundant organic fraction. Adsorbed fraction is minor part of the total heavy metals. Mobilization of sediment heavy metals in stream Okdong is occur 19.8∼56.7% of total cadmium concentrate. The most abundant fraction of the sediment metal is organic fraction in Cu, Pb metals investigated. Labile fraction of sediment metals are 0.5%∼48.5% of total Zn, 2.6%∼48.1% of total Pb, 0.2∼36.9% of total Cu respectively, Most of labile fraction consists of reducible fraction for Cd, Zn, adsorbed fraction for Pb, reducible fraction for Cu, adsorbed fraction for Ni. The Mobilization of Zn and Cu is most likely to occur when oxygen depletes and that of Pb and Ni occurs when physical impact, oxygen depletion and pH reduction.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.327-334
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 침/퇴적특성 예측/평가를 위한 기초자료 확보를 목적으로 대표적인 준 폐수로인 경인 아라뱃길 주운수로와 연결된 3개 수역(인천해역, 굴포천, 한강수역)에서의 점착성 퇴적물 각각에 대한 침강속도가 실내실험을 통하여 정량적으로 산정되었다. 침강속도 측정결과, 전체적인 농도구간(0.1 < C < 90 g/L)에 걸쳐 굴포천(0.01 < $W_s$ <3.07 mm/s)과 한강수역(0.01 < $W_s$ < 2.97 mm/s) 하상의 점착성 퇴적물은 대체적으로 거의 유사한 크기의 침강속도 분포를 갖는 것으로 나타났으나, 인천해역 표층 점착성 퇴적물은 이들과는 크게 다른 침강속도(0.01 < $W_s$ < 0.92 mm/s) 분포를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 각 수역별 퇴적물의 물리화학적 특성 및 해수(혹은 담수)의 특성들의 비교/분석 결과에 따르면, 이러한 인천해역 점착성 퇴적물의 침강속도 분포의 상이함은 주로 유체의 염도 차에 의해 비롯된 것으로 추정되었다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.153-171
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• 2004

하상퇴적물은 기반암의 풍화에 의해 가장 직접적인 영향을 받기에 본 연구에서는 한강 상류인 남한강유역과 북한강 유역의 하상 퇴적물을 대상으로 지화학적 분석자료를 통해 인근육상암석과의 상관관계와 근원암에 관하여 유추하였다. 지화학적 분석을 통해 연구지역 하상퇴적물들의 주성분원소, 미량성분원소, 회토류원소 등의 분석자룔르 비교한 결과 다음과 같은 경향성을 나타내었다. 본 연구지역 주성분 원소들의 분산 경향성은 남한강 하상퇴적물의 경우 산성 화성암의 일반적인 경향은 나타내었고, 북한강 하상퇴적물 역시 산성 화성암의 일반적인 경향을 나타냈다. 두 지역의 주성분 원소 분산 경향성은 서로 유사한 분산경향을 나타냈으며, 미량 성분 원소의 함량치 역시 두 지역에서 거의 유사하게 나타났다. 희토류원소의 REE pattern은 두 지역 모두 Eu에서의 부의 이상이 뚜렷하게 나타내며 산성 화성암 기원의 희토류원소 pattern과 전체적으로 유사한 경향을 나타냈다. 희토류원소의 함량에 있어서는 남한강 하상퇴적물에 비해 북한강 하상퇴적물의 함량이 훨씬 높게 나타났다. 중광물은 남한강 하상퇴적물의 경우 주로 투각섬석-양기석, 적철석, 석류석 군, 녹염석, 금홍석, 스핀 등이 관찰된다. 이는 두 지역의 인근 유역 육상지질이 대체로 변성암류와 화성암류가 주를 이루는 점과 조화적이다. 따라서 본 연구지역인 남한강과 북한강의 하상퇴적물은 대부분 화성암 기원 또는 변성암 기원의 성분으로 구성되며 퇴적암 기원의 성분은 거의 전부 뜬짐 또는 녹음짐으로 제거된 것으로 본다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.455-467
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• 1995

In order to investigate the dispersion patterns and speciations of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd in soils, stream sediments and stream waters, geochemical studies of soil, stream sediment and stream water samples collected in the vicinity of the Shi-Heung Cu-Pb-Zn mine was carried out Cation exchange capacity measurement, size analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis and batch test were performed to select applicable soil for adsorption treatment The average content of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd in soils collected from tailings and ore dressing plant is 1084 ppm, 2292 ppm, 3512 ppm and 29.2 ppm, respectively, and therefore, tailings and ore dressing plant site may be the major contamination sources in this study area. The mean content of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd in stream sediments is extremely high up to 794 ppm, 1633 ppm, 2946 ppm and 25.2 ppm, respectively. Tailing particles and heavy metal ions are dispersed along the tributary system. Results from the sequential extraction analysis indicate; (1) most of Cu is bound to organic matters and sulphides, (2) fraction of Pb is mainly bound to Fe and Mn oxides. Most of Zn is largely bound to Fe and Mn oxides and residual fraction. Ion exchangeable fraction of Cd is relatively higher than those of Cu, Pb and Zn. Batch test on soils collected from the kaolinite and/or pyrophyllite mines and from the control areas was carried out to select an applicable soil samples for adsorption treatment The sample, S10, collected from the control area 2 (clay content 33.2%) shows the highest $K_d$ (distribution coefficient). Organic content in soils and several clay minerals shows relatively good correlation with $K_d$. It means that applicable soils for adsorption treatment of heavy metals show high organic and clay content.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.59-73
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• 1972

The heavy minerals of a barred estuarine and lagoonal sediments along the North Carolina coast have been studied with more than one hundred samples. Currents, salinity, and pH exhibit well-developed gradients from the upstream parts of the estuaries on the west toward the open ocean on the east. Twenty- four heavy minerals were identified in sediments of the study area. However, less than half of these occur frequently and the remainder exist only in minor quantities or trace amounts. Heavy minerals usually comprise less than 1% of the sample but vary from sample to sample. The maximum amount of heavy minerals in sediments of sounds and estuaries is 2.4% and in sediments of Outer Banks is 16.7%. Opaque minerals range from 10 to 85% of the total heavy mineral assemblage. Garnet and sillimanite are relatively more abundant in the eastern part than the western part in the area. Garnet more abundant in the northern part than the southern part, whereas sillimanite is more abundant in the southern part than the northern part, because the garnet source is in the northern part and one of the sillimanite source is in the southern part in the study area. The results of heavy mineral study indicate that the source of sediments is the Blue Ridge and Piedmont crystalline complex, and Coastal Plain formations. Some portions of sediments are transported from the Atlantic Ocean by the landward currents. They further indicate that the sediments of the Atlantic coast in the study area are transported mainly from the northern part to southern part by longshore littoral currents, and some portions of sediments are transported from the southern part to the northern part by the Gulf Stream.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.137-151
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• 2014

댐의 존재가 하천 생태계에 미치는 영향을 연구하기 위해 다양한 연구가 지금까지 수행되어 왔지만, 댐이 하류의 탈질화에 미치는 영향은 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 대한민국 낙동강의 댐 원류에서 탈질화 효소 활성도(잠재 탈질율)와 탈질균 분포(nirS, nirK, nosZ 유전자를 표지유전자로 사용)를 조사하였다. 자갈 혹은 모래로 채워진 하천의, 갈대가 우거진 하변지역과 강바닥의 침전물을 채취하여 조사하였다. 이 실험의 가설은 다음과 같다. (i) 하천 침전물의 N과 C의 사용유효량이 높을수록 대조군에 비해 미생물 군집의 탈질화 작용이 더욱 증진한다, (ii) 하천생태계마다 상이하게 나타나는 잠재 탈질율 간의 차이는 탈질 미생물의 양에 비례한다. 30여 년간 댐에 의해 수문학적으로 큰 차이가 있었고 또한 댐 하류의 저서에 무기질소와 용존유기탄소 농도가 대조군에 비해 매우 높았음에도 불구하고, 탈질균 군집의 양과 잠재 탈질율은 하천 간에 큰 차이가 없었다. 하지만 nirS 유전자와 nosZ 유전자의 양과 잠재 탈질율은 댐 하류에 존재하는 자갈이 많은 하변과 모래가 많은 하천 바닥에서 홍수빈도와 계절별 온도변동에 관련하여 크게 증가함을 알 수 있었다. nirK 유전자는 모든 시료에서 발견되지 않았다. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) 분석결과는 탈질균 군집 양과 영양염류 가용도와 잠재 탈질율 사이에는 약한 상관관계가 있음을 보여주었다.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.104-110
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• 2004

본 연구는 광양만과 여수해만에서 표층 퇴적물 중 비스페놀 A(BPA)의 오염 특성을 평가하기 위하여 1999년 10월, 2000년 2월, 5월 그리고 2000년 8월에 15개 정점에서 연구를 실시하였다. 표층 퇴적물 중 BPA는 0.46∼24.59 ng/g dry wt.의 변동범위를 보였다. BPA의 계절별 평균 농도는 전체적으로 비슷하게 나타났으며, 평균 농도의 변동범위는 2.53 ng/g dry wt. 이하를 보였다. BPA의 수평분포는 계절별로 농도 값은 다소 차이가 있으나 여수해만에 비하여 광양만 퇴적물에서 비교적 높은 농도를 보였다. 또한 산업폐수와 도시하수의 영향을 크게 받는 하천 퇴적물의 조사결과 BPA는 연등천에서 농도가 높았다. TOC의 계절별 변동범위는 전계절에 걸쳐 0.09∼l.65%로 나타났으며, 섬진강 하구에서 0.09%로 낮은 함량을 보였다. BPA와 TOC의 상관계수는 0.095로 상관관계가 거의 없었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.969-980
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• 2015

In order to certificate the distribution and pollution of heavy metal of surface sediments in Nakdong River were collected and analyzed for grain size, water content, ignition loss and heavy metal content. Surface sediments mainly composed of sand(avg. 94.6%) and water content and ignition loss were 20.46%, 1.53% on average. Grain size were relatively fine and organic matter content were relatively high in the Hoichun and Sunakdonggang. Most of heavy metal content(Zn > Cr > Pb > Ni > Cu > Hg) in the Deokcheongang and Sunakdonggang were higher than the other streams. The Igeo were non polluted(less than 0) in all streams and the EF were relatively high in the small stream and PLI were non polluted(less than 1). In addition, organic matter, heavy metal content and pollution were highly correlation with grain size. Surface sediments in study area, heavy metal pollution of the Sunakdonggang were relatively high compared to the other stream but these results were not serious pollution that exceed the sediment pollution evaluation standard of river and lake in Korea and pollution levels adversely affected the majority of benthos were not.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

The depletion of dissolved oxygen (DO) in urban streams has a profound effect on the aquatic ecosystem; however, the change in DO by resuspension of sediments and the cause have not been sufficiently investigated. In this study, the physicochemical properties (particle size, and the content of organic and heavy metals) of the sediments of an urban stream (Anyang Stream) and the characteristics of water quality changes (DO, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved nitrogen (DN), sediment oxygen demand (SOD), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)) by sediment resuspension were investigated. The sediment content of fine particles (< 0.2 mm) increased from 36.7% to 52.7% from the upstream to the downstream, and the contents of heavy metals and organic matter of the sediment were also higher towards the downstream. The depletion of DO by resuspension was observed in the sediment at the downstream sites (P8, P9), where the fine particle content was high, and biological SOD (BSOD) was more than 88% compared to the total SOD. The increase in BSOD coincided with the increase in ATP. It was also confirmed that the depletion of DO could increase the amount of heavy metals (such as Fe, Mn, and Pb) released from the sediment. Based on the above results, it can be concluded that resuspension of sediments induces rapid water quality changes and may cause accidents, such as fish mortality, during rainfall, and such a water quality effect can be more pronounced in sediments with a high content of fine particles and organic matter and high biological activity.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.36-43
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• 2011

This study is selected two points of combined sewer that occurred Fish Kill after first flush, that analyzed generation of pollutants and stream runoff generation of combined sewer overflows (CSOs) as fine weather and rainfall. In addition, this study was to analyze the relationship between CSOs and sediments, to propose measures to reduce the sediment relevant with CSOs and rainfall runoff from entering sewage treatment plants and measures for discharged directly into streams when indicate relatively good water quality after overflow. Sediments in combined sewer system was discharged about 50~80% as overflows during rainfall and we can reduce the amount of the CSOs at least 50% or more if the sewer does not exist in the sediments because of the amount of discharge about the amount of intercept has been investigated by 3~5 times. Because of velocity at sediment interval in sewer is very low, sewage velocity of about 3~5 times as much as it can increase the amount of sediment can be reduced if the separation wall is installed. Effective control of BOD overflow load is respectively 77.5%, 75.8% at first point, second point by the separation wall is installed. Drainage area greater than area in this study or many combined sewer overflows region is increased the more effective control of separation wall. Turbidity to measure changes in water quality of overflows can be used as an factor to control the intercept flows because the intercept flows(3Q) after the first flush has lowered removal efficiency and increases the operational load of sewage treatment plants. Sewage water quality after a overflow when the reasonable turbidity was measured at this point flows to excluded intercept flow(1Q) can be discharged to stream.