• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 The 6th International Symposium of East Asian Resources Recycling Technology
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• pp.610-615
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• 2001

Over 800 thousand tons per year (TPY) agricultural biowastes, such as sugar cane bagasse, sugarcane leaf, rice straw, rice husk and corn leaf, are produced in Taiwan. These biomasses are the major types of agricultural wastes and are abundantly available. However, these biowastes cause disposal and landfill problems. Ossification ashes of the agricultural biowastes containing 70-95 % amorphous silica would make the utilization system of agricultural biowaste ashes become highly economically and environmentally attractive. Experimentally, high crystallinity (99%$^{+}$) zeolites ZSM-5 and ZSM-48 synthesized from the reaction mixtures containing a silica source from ashes of these biowastes gasification were investigated. Tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPABr) and 1,6-diamino-hexane (C$_{6}$ DN) were used as structure-directing agents in syntheses of ZSM-5 and ZSM-48, respectively. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) data indicated that ZSM-5 or ZSM-48 with a high crystallinity can be obtained within 48 hours of crystallization in the high pressure (15-20 atm) autoclave at 393-473 K. The Si/Al ratios of synthetic zeolite products were determined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and induced couple plasma/mass spectroscopy (ICP/MS). It was observed that the ZSM-5 crystals a.e composed of hexagonal rod-shaped crystals with typically 8-13 пm in size by SEM. In addition, ZSM-48 crystalline materials are composed of spherical aggregates of needle-shaped or rod-like crystals with typically 2-3 пm in diameter and 6-8 пm in length.h.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.93-102
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• 2003

이 논문은 영농환경 개선을 위한 인삼재배사(일명 해가림 시설물) 디자인 표준화를 위한 연구이다. 연구배경의 핵심은 현 WTO 농산물 개방 체제하에서 한국의 세계적 농특산물인 고려인삼의 생산과 품질 가치를 더욱 확고히 하고 인삼 종주국으로서 위상에 걸맞는 현대식 인삼재배 시설을 최초로 도입하기 위한 기초연구를 제안함에 있다. 디자인 개념으로서는, 현재 목재 볏짚 비닐 등 일회성 또는 비표준화된 재료를 사용하므로서 매년 반복 재설치 작업 및 환경오염이 되고 있는 우리나라 인삼경작사의 노동 및 자원 낭비적 요소를 개선하고자 하였다. 구체적 개선 요소로서는 첫째, 양산체제에 의한 형태 및 구조의 표준화. 둘째, 반영구적 재료 표준화를 위한 수지 등 신소재 도입, 위 두 가지 내용을 한국적 이미지를 바탕으로 형상화 하고자 하였다. 디자인 결과로서, 인삼재배사의 기준 단위모델을 디자인하여 재배면적의 크기 형상에 따라 가변적으로 연결 조립하여 사용할 수 있도록 배려하였다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2022

This study examined the production technique of bracket murals in Daeungjeon Hall, Gaeamsa Temple by conducting a analysis of their wall structure, material characteristics, and painting layers. Wall was a single-branch structure with support layer, middle layer, finishing layer, and painting layer. The support layer, middle layer and finishing layer, were produced by mixing sand (quartz, feldspars etc.), and loess. The ratio of above medium sand to below fine sand was approximately 0.7 : 9.3 in the support layer, 4 : 6 in the middle layer and 6 : 4 in the finishing layer, which had a more percentage of above medium sand than the support layer. The analysis of the painting layer showed that natural soil pigment was used to establish a relatively ground layer of up to 50 ㎛, and pigments such as Lead sulfate, atacamite and mercury sulfide were painted on top of the layer. This study's results confirmed that the bracket mural paintings in Gaeamsa Temple are within the category of the production style of murals during the Joseon period. However, the points that the middle layer was formed several times, the significant difference in particle size distribution between the wall, and the absence of chopped straw in the support layer are a feature of bracket mural paintings in Gaeamsa Temple. These properties of murals as material and structure may be viewed for correlation with the degree of damage to wall structure of mural painting and would serve as an important reference to diagnosis the conservation conditions of murals or prepare conservation treatments.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.917-925
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• 2023

Efforts for developing the domestic horse industry in South Korea are evident through the various national policies. Proper management of stables for ensuring the health of horses is essential to sustain the growing equine industry. This study aimed to measure the fine dust emissions in stables based on the type and quantity of bedding used for horses, for establishing guidelines pertaining to bedding use in stables. The stables accommodated 12 horses. Sawdust, wood shavings, wood pellet, and straw were chosen as treatments. Three different quantities (approximately 3, 6, and 9 cm in height) were applied for each type. Fine dust measurements were carried out at three time points, with each measuring period lasting for approximately three weeks. Measurements included PM2.5 and PM10 fine dust levels. The initial analysis revealed that, sawdust with 9 cm bedding had the highest dust levels; approximately 54.6 ㎍/m³, for PM2.5 and 95.3 ㎍/m³, for PM10. Sawdust bedding at the highest quantity (9 cm) exhibited significantly higher initial fine dust emissions. These findings suggest that bedding materials with smaller particle size, such as sawdust and wood shavings, tend to produce finer dust. Initially, the fine dust emissions decreased in all bedding types and quantities, possibly due to the increased moisture content of bedding owing to horse manure production. However, emissions increased subsequently due to ammonia production.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.89-95
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• 1979

규산질비료(珪酸質肥料)를 이앙(移秧) 전년(前年) 추시(秋施)했을 때와 이앙(移秧) 직전(直前) 춘시(春施)했을 때의 시용시기(施用時期) 및 입도(粒度)의 차이(差異)가 밀양 23호와 진흥의 수량(收量)에 미치는 효과를 검토할 목적(目的)으로 포장시험(圃場試驗)을 수행(遂行)하였다. 규산질비료(珪酸質肥料)의 시용(施用)(250kg/10a)에 의(依)하여 정조수량(正租收量) 및 고중(藁重)의 증가는 현저하였으나 시용시기(施用時期)에 대한 유의성(有意性)은 없었다. 입시(秋施)에 의(依)한 규산시용(珪酸施用)의 효과는 춘시(春施)한 것에 비(比)하여 다소 떨어지는 경향(傾向)을 나타낼 뿐이었다. 규산질비료(珪酸質肥料)의 입도(粒度)가 클수록 수도(水稻)의 수량(收量)에 미치는 규산시용(珪酸施用)의 효과는 떨어지는 경향(傾向)이었으나 8-25(60%)와 현행규산질비료(現行珪酸質肥料)는 대등한 것으로 평가(評價)되었다. 규산질비료(珪酸質肥料)의 시용(施用)에 의하여 대체로 주당수수와 수당입수가 증가된 반면(反面) 등숙률(登熟率)과 천립중(千粒重)은 떨어지는 경향(傾向)이었으나 추시구의 진흥에서는 입도(粒度)에 따라 수량구성요소(收量構成要素)의 변화경향이 일정(一定)치 않았다. 경엽의 규산함량(珪酸含量)은 진흥에서 높고 정조(正租)의 규산함량(珪酸含量)은 밀양23호에서 높았으며 품종간(品種間) 규산함량(珪酸含量)의 차(差)는 수확기(收穫期)보다는 이앙(移秧)50일후(日後) 식물체(植物體)에서 현저하였다. 규산함량(珪酸含量)에 미치는 시용시기(施用時期) 및 입도(粒度)의 영향은 이앙(移秧)50일후(日後) 식물체의 규산함량(珪酸含量)에서 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었으며 수확기(收穫期)의 규산함량(珪酸含量)에서는 진흥의 고중(藁中) 규산함량(珪酸含量)에 대한 입도(粒度)의 영향만이 인정(認定)되었다. 토양(土壤)의 유효규산함량은 시험전 36.7ppm에서 규산시용(珪酸施用)에 의하여 수확후(收穫後)에 춘시구에서는 159.5~273.8ppm, 추시구에서는 80.3~134.4ppm으로 증가되었다. 춘시구에서는 8-25(60%)를 시용(施用)한 경우에 가장 높았으며 추시구에서는 현행규산질비료(現行珪酸質肥料)와 8-25(60%)를 시용(施用)한 경우의 차(差)가 적었다. 결론적(結論的)으로 8-25(60%)는 현행규산질비료(現行珪酸質肥料)와 대등한 것으로 평가(評價)되며 추시(秋施)에 의(依)해서도 규산질비료(珪酸質肥料)의 효과를 충분(充分)히 얻을 수 있으나 규산질비료(珪酸質肥料)의 잔효에 대하여는 새로운 연구검토가 요구(要求)됨을 지적(指摘)하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.667-673
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• 2009

Ninety six intact male sheep (12 months old with mean live weight of about 35 kg) were used to assess the effects of restricted feeding on intake, digestion, nitrogen balance and metabolizable energy (ME). The animals were selected from two known Iranian small and large body size breeds: 48 Sangsari (S) and 48 Afshari (A), and were divided into two equal groups: restricted (R) and a control (C). Each group had 48 sheep (24 each breed). The experiment had a duration of 15 and 75 days adaptation and treatment periods, respectively. The animals were individually placed in metabolism cages and fed a diet based on pelleted concentrate mixture consisting of alfalfa, barley grain, cottonseed meal and barley straw. The animals in group C were fed ad libitum, while animals in group R were fed at maintenance level and maintained a relatively constant live weight. During the experiment, the average daily weight gain (ADG) of S and A animals in R group was 0.34 and -0.25 g/d (0.02 and -0.02 $g/kg^{0.75}/d$), respectively. While that of S and A animals in C group was 174.4 and 194.4 g/d (10.16 and 11.48 $g/kg^{0.75}/d$), respectively. Nitrogen (N) was determined by both measured and regression methods. Animals of R group stayed at about zero N balance (0.01 and -0.00 g $N/kg^{0.75}/d$ for S and A animals, respectively). The N retention of animals of both S and A breeds in C group were similar (0.45 and 0.46 g $N/kg^{0.75}/d$, respectively). Digestible organic matter intake (DOMI) and ME requirement for maintenance (MEm) were measured by both constant weight technique and regression method by regressing N balance on DOMI and ME intake on ADG. The measured DOMI during constant weight was 24.61 and 24.27 g $DOMI/kg^{0.75}/d$ and the calculated DOMI from regression equation was 24.24 and 24.22 g $DOMI/kg^{0.75}/d$, for S and A animals, respectively. The measured MEm was 402 and 401 kJ $ME/kg^{0.75}/d$ and the calculated MEm from regression analysis was 398 and 400 kJ $ME/kg^{0.75}/d$ for S and A breeds, respectively. There were no significant differences between both measured and regression techniques. There was no significant difference between S and A breeds for DOMI, N retention, MEm, digestibility and metabolizability values. Digestibility values for OM, GE and CP and metabolizability were significantly (p<0.05) higher in restricted feeding sheep compared with that of sheep fed ad libitum.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2019

본 연구는 이동식 정자의 설계시공방법을 살펴보고자 문헌분석을 통해 조영 배경과 입지와 향의 설정, 규모와 구성, 재료, 시공방법 등을 분석함으로써 다음과 같은 결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 이동식 정자는 곳곳에 펼쳐진 경승을 두루 유람하기 위해 고안된 정자로 산수를 즐기는 경험을 바탕으로 자신의 집을 소유하고 정자를 경영하는 것보다 이상적인 삶을 추구하는 방식이 반영된 창작물이었다. 둘째, 이동식 정자의 조영은 계절별, 시기별 경관을 때와 장소의 제한 없이 감상하고자 하는 의도로 조성되었으며. 풍류를 즐기기 위한 도구를 매번 옮겨야 하는 번거로움을 해소하고자 고안되었다. 셋째, 이동식 정자는 경관을 조망하기 용이한 곳을 향하여 입지와 향이 결정되며, 대부분 소규모로 조성되어 그 안에서 경관을 감상하거나, 바둑, 작시, 탄금 등을 위한 공간을 구분하였다. 또한 목재를 주로 사용하고, 하중을 저감시키기 위해 대나무나 짚, 유둔, 면포 등 가벼운 소재로 지붕과 벽면을 구성하였다. 시공방식은 결합과 해체가 용이하도록 하는 결구기법이 주로 사용되었으며, 선박이나 수레 상부에 정자를 조성할 경우에는 일반 정자의 목구조식 시공이 이루어졌다. 넷째, 일반 정자와 이동식 정자의 설계시공 특성을 비교해보면 이동식 정자는 조영목적상 경관의 관람이 용이하여 입지와 향의 설정에 제한이 없으나, 기동력을 고려하고, 구조적으로 하중을 견디기 위한 방안이 마련되어야 하며, 정자로서의 기능과 형태를 만족시켜야 하기 때문에 보다 엄격한 제도와 기법이 요구되었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.1094-1099
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• 2012

담수조건으로 토양질소동태에 대한 결실기 자운영의 투입효과를 포트시험을 통해 평가하였다. 자운영의 투입에 따라 벼의 자운영유래 질소 이용율은 약 51-64%으로 자운영의 투입량이 높을수록 감소하였다. 수확기 토양의 자운영질소는 약 3-5%가 저장되었고, 자운영 유래 질소의 손실은 각각 32.4와 44.1%를 차지하였다. 벼 수량 대비 자운영 $30Mg\;ha^{-1}$ 시용은 질소추천시비량을 전량 대체할 수 있었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.390-396
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• 1997

Meju is a basis for manufacturing Kanjang, Meju was traditionally prepared at home by different types of process depending on the regional area. It is necessary to standardize and simplify the process of Meju-preparation for Kanjang of good quality. For these purposes, the process of Meju and Kangjang making as well as analysis of commercial Kanjang, were compared. Generally, traditional Meju was prepared by steeping and dehulling the whole soybean. After steeping for 24hr. soybean absorbed water up to 110~120% of its weight. The soaked soybeans were steamed for 2hr. and cooled to 5$0^{\circ}C$. Cooked soybeans were crushed down to the size of 10~15 mesh and molded. Molded soybeans were dried for 2 days in the air, hung up by rice straw and fermented for 20~30 days under natural environmental condition. On the other hand, commercial soybean koji was made of defatted soybean. Defatted soybeans were steeped in water and steamed for 15~30min at 0.7~1.2 kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$. Steamed and defatted soybean was cooled to 4$0^{\circ}C$. Separately, wheat power was roasted at 200~30$0^{\circ}C$ by wheat roaster. Mixture of steamed defatted soybean and roasted wheat powder (5/5 to 7/3) were inoculated with 0.1~0.2% Aspergillus sojae and incubated for 2 days at 3$0^{\circ}C$ with occasional stirring. Chemical analysis showed that traditional soy sauces contained the following composition: NaCl, 20.12~25.42%; total nitrogen, 0.64~0.91%; pure extract, 9.47~11.20%; color, 2.34~4.01; pH, 4.92~5.12. Commercial products contained: NaCl, 15.20~17.19%; total nitrogen, 1.25~1.40%; pure extract, 18.17~21.47%; color, 5.41~21.12; pH, 4.51~4.66 and ethalnol. 2.97~3.12%. Organoleptic test on taste, color and flavor of traditional and commercial soysauce indicated that most of the consumers prefer commercial products to traditional products. Preferrable formulation of Kanjang based on organoleptic test of soy sauces was assumed as containing; NaCl, 16.0%; total nitrogen, 1.40%; pure extract, 19.97%; color, 12.98; pH, 4.61 and ethanol, 2.96.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.133-160
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• 1973

1. Introduction Community medicine with the concept of comprehensive medical care and an ideal medical care delivery system not only for an individual or family but for the whole community has emerged. In April 1970, the Presbyterian Medical Center started a hospital based community health service project in order to improve the health of the people in rural areas. Prior to commencing a comprehensive medical care system, a family survey was needed. The major objective of this survey was to obtain information concerning the people and their environment so as to be able to plan and implement a comprehensive medical care program in Soyang-Myun. 2. Survey Method An interview using a family record form was carried out for each household. This family record form was designed to get information about demography, family planning, environmental sanitation and vital statistics. Prior to beginning, the members of the survey team were trained in interviewing techniques for three days. The team consisted of a public health nurse, four nurse-aides, a sanitarian and four health extension workers who are working in our project, The survey was carried out during the period November 1971 to March 1972. 3. Project area 1) Population of Soyang-Myun was 11,668; male, 5,962 and female, 5,706. Sex ratio: 104.5. 2) Households : 1,858 3) Family size: The average household consisted of 6.3 persons. 4) Educational level of householder a. Illiterate 13% b. No schooling but able to read 10% c. Preschool children 19% d. Primary school 47% e. Middle school 7% f. High school 3% g. College or University 1% 5) Occupational distribution of householders a. Farmer 67% b. Laborer 13% c. Office worker 4% d. Merchant 4% e. Industrial worker 2% f. Unemployed 8% g. Miscellaneous 2% 6) Religious affiliation a. No religion 74% b. Buddhist 12% c. Protestant 10% d. Catholic 4% 4. Survey results Living Environment : a. Home ownership 95% b. Kinds of roofing Straw-thatched house 84% Tile-roofed house 10% Slate-roofed house 5% Other 1% c. Floor space Less than 6 pyong 10% 6-10 pyong 53% 11-15 pyong 24% 16-20 pyong 9% More than 20 pyong 4% d. Radio ownership 80% Environmental Sanitation : a. the source of drinking water public well 49% private well 30% drainage water 9% steam water 8% well pump 3% water distribution system 1% b. Distance between well and toilet more than 16meters 38% 6-10 meter 31% 11-15 meters 14% Less than 6 meters 17% c. The status of well management Bad 72% Fair 26% Good 2% d. General sanitary state of house Bad 37% Fair 51% Good 12% e. House drainage system had no house drainage. 77% Family Planning : a. 24% of the people have used contraceptives, but 12% ceased to use them. 76% have never used contraceptives. b. used methods 1oop 68% oral pill 16% vasectomy 4% condom 1% tubal ligation 1% two or more methods 10% Maternal Health : a. The number of conceptions of housewives under 50 years of age. 11 times 26% 6 times 11% 5 times 11% 4 times 9% b. The place of delivery own house 88% hospital 1% others 11% Treatment of general sickness : a. The place of treatment Soyang Health Center 31% Hospital (private or otherwise) 26% Pharmacy 14% Herb medicine 5% Private care 5% No treatment 12% Miscellaneous 7% b. Usual causes of diseases Unknown 46% Tuberculosis 29% Neuralgia 8% CVA 3% Bronchitis 3% Others 11%