• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.640-655
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• 2003

Statement of problem : The beauty has a little different meaning according to a time, culture, and nation. Purpose : This study was undertaken to determine the Korean perception of the altered upper anterior dental esthetics including the lack of symmetry, the midline deviation, the gingival exposure, the inclination of incisal plane, the type of incisal plane, and the type of gingival line. Material and Method : 670 subjects were participated in this survey. A questionnaire accompanied by 12 sets of computer-manipulated images using 3D MAX 4.2 software was used to record the ranking of the geometric preference related to the anterior esthetic discrepancies in three or four degrees of alteration. The statistical significance of the differences between the groups was determined by a one-way ANOVA and a t-test. Results : The results obtained were as follows: 1) The Korean perception of the anterior dental esthetics according to the subjects' occupation, sex, and age was most affected by occupation. 2) The masked image emphasizing the dentition and lips appeared stranger than the non-masked image at the same alteration. 3) The lack of symmetry, which was expressed as a unilateral discoloration of the tooth, showed incongruity in any teeth of the anterior dentition. The incongruity was more severe as the degree occurred closer to the midline. 4) The deviation of midline was showed more severe strangeness as the degree of deviation increased. However, more than half of the subjects did not perceive a deviation of 5mm. 5) During smiling, the exposure of the upper gingiva showed more severe incongruity as the degree of gingival exposure increased. 77% of the subjects perceived strangeness at the gingival exposure of 4.5mm. 6) The inclination of the incisal plane appeared stranger as the degree of inclination increased. 62% of subjects perceived strangeness at the $7.5^{\circ}$ inclination of the incisal plane. 7) The type of incisal plane showed increasing strangeness in the order of convex/downward, straight/horizontal, and concave/upward. 80% of subjects perceived strangeness at concave/upward. 8) The type of gingival line was showed increasing incongruity in the order of the same, a little above, and a little under the zenith of the lateral incisor to the line joining the zenith of the central incisor and the canine. However, less than half the subjects did not perceive strangeness at any alteration of the gingival line. Conclusion : The Korean perception of the upper anterior dental esthetics was different to the westerner's perception in the some respects.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.323-343
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• 2010

The purpose of the study was to analyze difficulty analyzed through a quantitative method examining rate of correct answerers to each questions in the side of difficulty that students solving questions felt by finding variables to predict difficulty of questions in an objective way, not in an intuitive way, and examining what variables difficulty that each student solving questions felt depended on. The study divided 6 students in the 3rd grade of a high school into a two-person group or a three-person group and observed their question-solving process the total 11times for three months from March, to May. The study an alyzed what variables difficulty that each student felt depended on through semi-structuralized interview. As a result, the study could see that difficulty of questions depended on contents, strangeness of material, behavioral range, type of questions and complexity of questions.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.208-216
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• 2010

The design hotel where new life styles of users were created and the exchange of one's identity and the culture was executed was employed the interaction design which considered the attendance and experience of users as the important motives. This study is to discuss on the relationship between the design hotel and interaction design, and to compare and analyze the differences in the expression methods of them. It was concluded that the design hotel had a close relation with the properties of information supply, amusements, narrative, personalization, and social exchange in the interaction design, and it mainly used the digital media of non-material, the juxtaposition of strangeness, the change of structure, substitution of values, appropriation of hybrid as a means of its expression. In addition, it was revealed that the properties above did not simply apply to an open space but were connected as a dominant-subordinate relationship into one subject. It is expected that the field of interaction design in the design hotel will be expanded due to the spread of digital technology and its role and importance will be increased. Therefore, it is thought that the study to provide the development of a variety of contents of design hotel should be kept through the study of organic relation between different subjects, avoiding the indiscriminate use of the contents.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.3778-3786
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• 2015

This paper aimed to explore the possible popular song's linkage to tourism promotion material. Especially focusing on the lyrics of Korean popular song, which explicitly containing exoticism in title or lyrics in early and mid of 20 centuries, this research verified how authors represented the one of Dann's language of tourism thesis: strangeness perspective in tourism and language of differentiation. Result suggested that song writers, as of their imaginary by-product or personal experience, present exoticism in lyrics of song in various ways: exaggerating, creating, stereo-typing exotic place. Fulfilling the Dann's idea, songs elaborately delivered familiar words, conspicuously by personifying place, allocating young ladies and mentioning origin or hometown. The research was efforts to find the origin of entertainment contents savvy-tourism promotion and also traced potential tourist's collective imagination toward potential overseas tourism destination.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.37-51
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• 2016

Modern optical mechanisms slanted toward Ocular-centrism have neglected diverse functions of vision, judged objects in abstract and binary perspectives, and organized spaces accordingly, there by neglecting the function of eyes groping objects. Recently, various experiences have been induced through communication with other senses by the complex perception beyond the binary perception system of vision. Haptic perception is dynamic vision that induces accompanying bodily experiences through interaction among the various senses; it recognizes the characteristics of material properties and various sensitive stimulations of human beings. This study elaborates on the major features of haptic perception by examining the theoretical background of this concept, which stimulates the active experience of the subject and determines how characteristics of haptic perception are displayed in picturesque gardens. In order to identify the major features of haptic perception, this study examines how Adolf Hildebrand's theory of vision is developed, expanded, and reinterpreted by Alois Riegl, Wilhelm Worringer, Walter Benjamin, Maurice Merleau Ponty, and Gilles Deleuze in the histories of philosophy and aesthetics. Based thereon, the core differences in haptic perception models and visual perception models are analyzed, and the features of haptic perception are identified. Then, classical gardens are set for visual perception and picturesque gardens are set for haptic perception so that the features from haptic perception identified previously are projected onto the picturesque gardens. The research results drawn from this study regarding features of haptic perception presented in picturesque gardens are as follows. The core differences of haptic perception in contrast to visual perception can be summarized as ambiguity and obscureness of boundaries, generation of dynamic perspectives, induction of motility by indefinite circulation, and strangeness and sublime beauty by the impossibility of perception. In picturesque gardens, the ambiguity and obscureness of boundaries are presented in the irregularity and asymmetric elements of planes and the rejection of a single view, and the generation of dynamic perspectives results from the adoption of narrative structure and overlapping of spaces through the creation of complete views, medium range views, and distant views, which the existing gardens lack. Thus, the scene composition technique is reproduced. The induction of motility by indefinite circulation is created by branching circulation, and strangeness and sublime beauty are presented through the use of various elements and the adoption of 'roughness', 'irregularity', and 'ruins' in the gardens.