• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 이종경량재료의 마찰교반용접을 모사할 수 있는 유한요소 해석모델을 개발하고, 이를 통해 기초분석과 실용적 적용 가능성에 대해 고찰하였다. Coupled Eulerian Lagrangian 에 기반한 유한요소모델을 구성하였으며, 해석 모델은 외연적 시간적분을 이용하여 열-온도, 변위-응력 물리계로 이루어진 다중 물리계를 복합적으로 계산하며, 용접툴 표면과 피용접 재료 간 마찰, 극심한 소성변형으로 인한 열에너지 발생, 그리고, 밑면을 통한 열에너지 소산 등 열발생원과 열전달 메카니즘이 모두 고려되었다. Al6061T6와 AZ61 판재의 맞대기용접을 고려하였으며, 주요 용접변수인 용접 속도와 용접툴 회전속도를 변화시킨 세 가지 조건에 대해 해석을 실시하였다. 각 해석은 피용접물의 온도분포, 결함의 분포, 소성변형률 분포가 출력이 가능하였다. 구축한 모델을 이용한 해석 결과 알루미늄보다는 마그네슘부에서 더 높은 온도가 발생하였으며, 회전속도가 커질수록 최대 온도가 증가하기보다는 알루미늄쪽으로 높은 온도가 분산되어 가는 경향을 보였다. 또한, 회전속도가 커질수록 피용접물 재료가 위로 올라오는 플래시 결함의 경향 예측이 가능하였으나, 툴 주변 결함 형성예측은 메시가 세밀하지 못하여 정확한 결과를 산출하기에는 부족하다고 볼 수 있다. 본 모델은 마찰교반용접 중 발생 가능한 여러 물리계의 여러 물리적 현상을 실제에 가깝게 반영하고 있으며, 실험적으로 밝히기 어려운 기초 분석에 응용될 수 있으나, 1달이 넘는 해석소요시간을 감안하면 실용적으로 최적의 용접조건 도출에 응용되기는 어렵다고 판단된다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.161-205
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• 2013

We study seismically induced, anti-plane strain wave motion in a non-homogeneous geological region containing tunnels. Two different scenarios are considered: (a) The first models two tunnels in a finite geological region embedded within a laterally inhomogeneous, layered geological profile containing a seismic source. For this case, labelled as the first boundary-value problem (BVP 1), an efficient hybrid technique comprising the finite difference method (FDM) and the boundary element method (BEM) is developed and applied. Since the later method is based on the frequency-dependent fundamental solution of elastodynamics, the hybrid technique is defined in the frequency domain. Then, an inverse fast Fourier transformation (FFT) is used to recover time histories; (b) The second models a finite region with two tunnels, is embedded in a homogeneous half-plane, and is subjected to incident, time-harmonic SH-waves. This case, labelled as the second boundary-value problem (BVP 2), considers complex soil properties such as anisotropy, continuous inhomogeneity and poroelasticity. The computational approach is now the BEM alone, since solution of the surrounding half plane by the FDM is unnecessary. In sum, the hybrid FDM-BEM technique is able to quantify dependence of the signals that develop at the free surface to the following key parameters: seismic source properties and heterogeneous structure of the wave path (the FDM component) and near-surface geological deposits containing discontinuities in the form of tunnels (the BEM component). Finally, the hybrid technique is used for evaluating the seismic wave field that develops within a key geological cross-section of the Metro construction project in Thessaloniki, Greece, which includes the important Roman-era historical monument of Rotunda dating from the 3rd century A.D.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.249-257
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 고전적 고차전단변형이론(HSDT)을 이용한 복합재료 적층평판의 응력해석 개선기법을 소개한다. 횡방향 응력들에 대해서만 변분을 취하는 혼합변분이론(Mixed variational theorem)을 통하여 횡방향 전단 변형에너지를 개선하였다. 가정된 횡방향 전단응력은 면내 변위가 5차 다항식을 갖는 고차 지그재그 이론으로부터 구하였으며, 변위들은 고전적 고차전단변형이론의 변위장을 사용하였다. 이 과정을 통하여 얻어진 변형 에너지를 본 논문에서는 EHSDTM라고 명명하였으며, 이 이론을 통해 복합재 적층평판의 변위와 응력을 계산함에 있어서 HSDT와 비슷한 수준의 계산적 효율을 가지면서, 동시에 최소자승오차법에 따른 후처리 과정을 적용함으로써 변위와 응력의 두께방향 분포를 정확하게 예측할 수 있도록 개선하였다. 계산된 결과는 고전적 HSDT, 3차원 탄성해 등의 여러 결과들과 비교하여 검증하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.748-754
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• 2018

Objective: The preference evaluation of cattle is an important factor for estimation and improvement of the grazing amounts of newly introduced or bred grasses or cultivars in barn. This study was performed to assess the grazing behavior (the amount of grazing and/or the grazing speed) of cattle as indirect method using newly bred Brachiaria ruziziensis tetraploid strain 'OKI-1'(BR) hay as treatment group and Cloris gayana 'Callide' (CG) hay as control group. It also compared the feasibility of using behavioral differences between two groups as one criteria for evaluating preference by Japanese black cattle in barn. Methods: Three experiments were carried out using 12 growing Japanese Black cattle including 6 males and 6 females. In each experiment, the four Japanese Black cattle (2 males and 2 females) were placed in separated stall and allowed to graze BR and CG in manger that was separated into two portions for about 30 min. The position and behavior of the cattle were recorded, and weighed the residual of each gay at 15 and 30 minutes after experiment start. Results: The BR was superior to CG in chemical composition such as protein, fibers and non-fibrous carbohydrate. The cattle, over all, tended to prefer BR over CG in the first half 15 minutes in terms of the time spent and amount of grazing. Additionally, growing cattle exhibited neophilia for BR bred newly. Conclusion: These findings indicated the current approach could be applied for one of criteria to evaluate the preference of hay by Japanese black cattle under indoor housing environment.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.63-74
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• 2015

This study investigated the influence of probabilistic variability in stiffness and nonlinearity of soil on response of nuclear power plant (NPP) structure subjected to seismic loads considering the soil-structure interaction (SSI). Both deterministic and probabilistic methods have been employed to evaluate the dynamic responses of the structure. For the deterministic method, $SRP_{min}$ method given in USNRC SRP 3.7.2(2013) (envelope of responses using three shear modulus profiles of lower bound($G_{LB}$), best estimate($G_{BE}$) and upper bound($G_{UB}$)) and $SRP_{max}$ method (envelope of responses by more than three ground profiles within range of $G_{LB}{\leq}G{\leq}G_{UB}$) have been considered. The probabilistic method uses the Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) that can capture probabilistic feature of soil stiffness defined by the median and the standard deviation. These analysis results indicated that 1) number of samples shall be larger than 60 to apply the probabilistic approach in SSI analysis and 2) in-structure response spectra using equivalent linear soil profiles considering the nonlinear behavior of soil medium can be larger than those based on low-strain soil profiles.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2003

시스템 보드에 플립 칩 BGA가 실장된 3차원 유한요소 해석 모델을 구성하여 열사이클시험 과정에서 발생되는 솔더 접합부의 피로수명을 예측하였다. 피로 모델은 Darveaux의 경험식에 기초하여 비선형 점소성 해석을 수행하였다. 해석은 4종류의 열사이클시험 조건과 패드구조, 솔더 볼의 조성과 크기의 변화에 따라 발생하는 크리프 수명을 평가하였다. 해석결과 $-65∼150^{\circ}C$의 열사이클시험 조건에서 가장 짧은 피로수명을 보였으며, $0∼100^{\circ}C$ 조건과 비교하면 약 3.5 배 정도 증가하였다. 동일한 시험조건에서 패드구조 변화에 따른 피로수명 차이는 SMD구조가 NSMD구조에 비해 약 5.7% 증가하였다 결과적으로 솔더 접합부에서 크리프 변형에너지 밀도가 높으면 피로수명은 짧아지는 것을 알 수 있었다

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.203-214
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• 2005

In the Part 1 paper (Gawin, et al. 2005) some experimental results concerning micro-structural tests, permeability measurements and stress-strain tests of four types of High Performance Concrete, exposed to elevated temperatures (up to $700^{\circ}C$) are presented and discussed. On the basis of these experimental results parameters of the constitutive relationships describing influence of damage and temperature upon material intrinsic permeability at high temperature were determined. In this paper the effects of various formulations of damage-permeability coupling on results of computer simulations are analysed and compared with the results obtained by means of the previously proposed approach, that does not take into account the thermo-chemical concrete damage directly. Numerical solutions are obtained using the recently developed fully coupled model of hygro-thermal and damage phenomena in concrete at elevated temperatures. High temperature effects are considered by means of temperature and pressure dependence of several material parameters. Based on the mathematical model, the computer code HITECOSP was developed. Material parameters of the model were measured by several European laboratories, which participated in the "HITECO" research project. A model problem, concerning hygro-thermal behaviour and degradation of a HPC structure during fire, is solved. The influence of two different constitutive descriptions of the concrete permeability changes at high temperature, including thermo-chemical and mechanical damage effects, upon the results of computer simulations is analysed and discussed.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.245-258
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• 2015

A methodology based on distributed fiber optic sensors is proposed to detect the lateral buckling for subsea pipelines in this study. Uncontrolled buckling may lead to serious consequences for the structural integrity of a pipeline. A simple solution to this problem is to control the formation of lateral buckles among the pipeline. This firms the importance of monitoring the occurrence and evolution of pipeline buckling during the installation stage and long-term service cycle. This study reports the experimental investigations on a method for distributed detection of lateral buckling in subsea pipelines with Brillouin fiber optic sensor. The sensing scheme possesses the capability for monitoring the pipeline over the entire structure. The longitudinal strains are monitored by mounting the Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA) distributed sensors on the outer surface of the pipeline. Then the bending-induced strain is extracted to detect the occurrence and evolution of lateral buckling. Feasibility of the method was validated by using an experimental program on a small scale model pipe. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach is able to detect, in a distributed manner, the onset and progress of lateral buckling in pipelines. The methodology developed in this study provides a promising tool for assessing the structural integrity of subsea pipelines.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2016

일반적인 교통시설물 기초들은 다짐된 조립재료로 구성되는데 강성과 변형은 입자의 크기들이나 분포, 그리고 표면 하중에 의하여 많은 영향을 받아 변형을 유발하게 된다. 따라서 조립재료에 대한 변형 특성 이해와 해석 예측이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 목적을 위하여 개별요소법을 도입하였다. 조립재료의 입자분포를 고려할 수 있는 알고리즘을 수립하고 이를 수치해석에 적용하였고, 삼축압축시험의 응력-변형곡선과 결과를 비교하여 적용 방법의 타당성을 평가하였다. 그 결과 입도분포를 잘 반영하는 해석이 매우 적합한 결과를 보여주고 있으며 하중과 입자의 각 조건을 적용하여 관련 영향들을 살펴보았다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.293-300
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• 2006

A liquid metal reactor (LMR) operated at high temperatures is subjected to both cyclic mechanical loading and thermal loading; thus, creep-fatigue is a major concern to be addressed with regard to maintaining structural integrity. The Korea Advanced Liquid Metal Reactor (KALIMER), which has a normal operating temperature of $545^{\circ}C$ and a total service life time of 60 years, is composed of various cylindrical structures, such as the reactor vessel and the reactor baffle. This study focuses on the creepfatigue crack initiation for a cylindrical Y-junction structure made of 316 stainless steel (SS), which is subjected to cyclic axial tensile loading and thermal loading at a high-temperature hold time of $545^{\circ}C$. The evaluation of the considered creep-fatigue crack initiation was carried out utilizing the ${\sigma}_d$ approach of the RCC-MR A16 guide, which is the high-temperature defect assessment procedure. This procedure is based on the total accumulated strain during the service time. To confirm the evaluated result, a high-temperature creep-fatigue structural test was performed. The test model had a circumferential through wall defect at the center of the model. The defect front of the test model was investigated after the $100^{th}$ cycle of the testing by utilizing a metallurgical inspection technique with an optical microscope, after which the test result was compared with the evaluation result. This study shows how creep-fatigue crack initiation for a high-temperature structure can be predicted with conservatism per the RCC-MR A16 guide.