• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.137-147
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• 1996

For the purpose of acquiring microbial agents that can be utilized to biologically control the major airborne diseases to apple trees, such as canker(Botryosphaeria dothidea), bitter rot(Glomerella cingulata), alternaria leaf spot(Alternaria mali), root rot(rosellinia necatrix), canker(Valsa ceratosperma) and gray mold rot(Botrytis cinerea), the effective microorgaisms were isolated, tested for antagonistic activity to the pathogens causing major diseases to apple trees and identifed. Screening of more than 5,000 species of microorganisms collected in nature for them antagonistic action to the pathogens causing 5 major diseases to apple trees resulted in selection of effective species. Out of the 11 species, one species designated as CAP134 demonstrated outstanding activity. The bacterial strain, CAP134 exerted antagonistic efficiency of 57% on an isolated strain and 40% on a donated strain of Botryosphaeria dothidea., 52% on an isolated strain and 46% on a purchased strain of Alternaria mali, 60% on Valsa ceratosperma 25% on Glomerella cingulata, and 64% Rosellinia necatrix. The CAP134 was identified as a bacterial strain to Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 based on morephology, culture conditions, and physio-biochemical characteristics.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2002년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.422-427
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• 2002

This paper focuses on the formulation and validation of an automatic strategy for the selection of the locations and directions of strain gauges to capture at best the modal response of a blade in a series of modes. These locations and directions are selected to render the strain measurements as robust as possible with respect to random mispositioning of the gauges and gauge failures. The approach relies on the evaluation of the signal-to-noise ratios of the gauge measurements from finite element strain data and includes the effects of gauge size. A genetic algorithm is used to find the strain gauge locations-directions that lead to the largest possible value of the smallest modal strain signal-to-noise ratio, in the absence of gauge failure, or of its expected value when gauge failure is possible. A fan blade is used to exemplify the applicability of the proposed methodology and to demonstrate the effects of the essential parameters of the problem, i.e. the mispositioning level, the probability of gauge failure, and the number of gauges.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.185-189
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• 1985

식용버섯의 유전 연구와 균주 개발을 위하여 표고버섯의 담자포자에 자외선을 조사하여 영양요구성 균주를 유발하였는바, 자외선을 담자포자에 40초 조사했을때 약 5 %의 포자 생존율을 보였으며 120초 조사에서 완전히 발아력을 상실하였다. 30초에서 100초까지 10초 간격으로 자외선을 조사하여 7088 colonies를 검정한 결과 71개의 auxotrophs를 선발하여 1.0%의 유발율을 얻었으며, 60초 조사에서 1.35 %의 가장 높은 유발 빈도를 나타내었는데 이때의 포자 생존율은 1.3% 이었다. 71개의 auxotrrophs 중에서 29개 균주의 영양요구성을 검정한 결과 nucleic acid-requiring strain이 3, nucleic acid/vitamin-requiring strain이 13, nucleic acid/amino acid-requiring strain이 1, vitamin-requiring strain이 7, 그리고 amino acid-requiring strain이 5이었다.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1975

Multiple-unit classification maze를 使用하여 走光性行動에 關한 positive와 negative의 directional selection을 15世代동안 행하였다. 方向性 選拔에 의해 얻어진 兩系統의 遺傳的 構造를 알기위해 第2 染色體上에 위치한 致死遺傳子의 頻度를 調査하고 이들 有害遺傳子와 走光性行動과의 相關關係를 考察했다. 走光性에 對한 positive와 negative의 選拔 果는 初期부터 反應이 나타나 選拔後 第10世代동안의 realized heritaability는 positiver系統과 negative 系統이 각각 3.08%와 2.86%로 算定되었다. 第2 染色體의 有害遺傳子(lethal and semi-lethal)는 positive(43%)系統이 negative(18%)系統보다 훨씬 높은 빈도였다. 한편 無選拔 系統(27%)은 兩選拔 系統의 중간빈도였다. positive 走光性 遺傳子와 有害遺傳子의 相關關係는 각 選拔系統에서 축출한 2量 劣性 致死遺傳子($1_i/1_j$)에서도 확인하였다. 본 實驗의 결과로 走光性行動의 選拔에 의해 얻어진 positive polygene과 有害遺傳子 polygene과에 어떤 linkage의 相關關係가 존재한다고 사료된다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.694-706
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• 2022

This study focusses on the development of a motion-sensing smart leggings prototype with the help of a module that monitors motion using a fiber-type stretch sensor. Additionally, it acquires data on Electrocardiogram (ECG), respiration, and body temperature signals, for the development of smart clothing used in online exercise coaching and customized healthcare systems. The research process was conducted in the following order: 1) Fabrication of a fiber-type elastic strain sensor for motion monitoring, 2) Positioning and attaching the sensor, 3) Pattern development and three-dimensional (3D) design, 4) Prototyping 5) Wearability test, and 6) Expert evaluation. The 3D design method was used to develop an aesthetic design, and for sensing accurate signal acquisition functions, wearability tests, and expert evaluation. As a result, first, the selection or manufacturing of an appropriate sensor for the function is of utmost importance. Second, the selection and attachment method of a location that can maximize the function of the sensor without interfering with any activity should be studied. Third, the signal line selection and connection method should be considered, and fourth, the aesthetic design should be reflected along with functional verification. In addition, the selection of an appropriate material is important, and tests for washability and durability must be made. This study presented a manufacturing method to improve the functionality and design of smart clothing, through the process of developing a prototype of motion-sensing smart leggings.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.95-106
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• 1983

Drosophila melanogaster의 Oregon-R 계통과 lethal free 집단을 대상으로 connected test tube apparatus를 사용하여 보행행동에 관한 rapid와 slow 행동을 방향성도태의 방법으로 15세대 동안에 걸쳐 도태하였다. 한편 10세대째부터 natural selection을 행하여 유전적 효과를 분석하였다. 1. 보행행동의 rapid와 slow 성질은 초기세대에서부터 뚜렷한 도태효과를 나타내어 제 7세대 이후에 각각 selection plateau에 달하였다. 2. 방향성 도태를 10세대 동안 실시한 후 realized heritability를 계산한 결과 rapid 성질은 $9\\sim14%$, slow 성질은 $11\\sim16%$로서 rapid행동보다 slow 행동의 유전율이 다소 높게 나타났다. 3. Rapid 성질을 지배하는 유전자와 slow 성질을 지배하는 유전자의 우열관계를 밝히기 위한 hybridization 실험결과 slow 유전자가 rapid 유전자에 대하여 partial dominance의 효과가 있었다. 4. 10세대 동안에 걸쳐 방향성 도태를 실시한 후 natural selection을 5세대 동안 실시한 결과 rapid 성질은 단 5세대만에 neutral의 상태 (6.5)로 복원되었으나 slow 성질은 모집단의 보행지수와 비교하여 전혀 변화가 없었다. 실험결과로 미루어 rapid와 slow 형질은 polygenic system에 의하여 control 되는 양적 형질임을 알았다. 한편 rapid 유전자는 natural selection에 의한 homeostasis의 효과가 있으나 slow 행동은 소수의 major gene에 의하여 지배되는 것을 알았다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.407-420
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• 2018

In structural health monitoring, it is meaningful to comprehensively utilize accelerometers and strain gauges to obtain the modal information of a structure. In this paper, a modal estimation theory is proposed, in which the displacement modes of the locations without accelerometers can be estimated by the strain modes of selected strain gauge measurements. A two-stage sensor placement method, in which strain gauges are placed together with triaxial accelerometers to obtain more structural displacement mode information, is proposed. In stage one, the initial accelerometer locations are determined through the combined use of the modal assurance criterion and the redundancy information. Due to various practical factors, however, accelerometers cannot be placed at some of the initial accelerometer locations; the displacement mode information of these locations are still in need and the locations without accelerometers are defined as estimated locations. In stage two, the displacement modes of the estimated locations are estimated based on the strain modes of the strain gauge locations, and the quality of the estimation is seen as a criterion to guide the selection of the strain gauge locations. Instead of simply placing a strain gauge at the midpoint of each beam element, the influence of different candidate strain gauge positions on the estimation of displacement modes is also studied. Finally, the modal assurance criterion is utilized to evaluate the performance of the obtained multitype sensor placement. A bridge benchmark structure is used for a numerical investigation to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed multitype sensor placement method.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1099-1107
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• 1992

본 연구에서는 극저온에서의 스트레인 게이지의 특성을 결정하기 위하여 이태 리의 표준기관인 IMGC (Istituto Di Metrologia "G.Colonnett")를 중심으로 세계의 측 정표준 기관과 대학이 참여하는 라운드 로빈(round robin) 시험이 진행되고 있다. 국내에서도 이 계획에 참여하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 라운드 로빈 시험계획의 궁 극적인 목적은 세계의 주요 스트레인 게이지에 대해 여러가지 험조건에 의한 시험결과 를 가지고 극저온 환경에서의 변형측정에 이용될 수 있는 최적의 스트레인 게이지, 시 험재료, 전선연결, 시험장치 등의 시험조건을 선택하는 것이다. 이 목적을 위하여 본 연구에서는 가장 널리 쓰이는 3종류의 스트레인 게이지-미국Micro-Measurement, 일본 Kyowa, 독일 Hottinger Baldwin Mestechnik-에 대한 겉보기 변형률 대 온도의 곡선을 시험을 통하여 4.2K로 부터 293K까지의 온도 범위에서 구한다. 사용된 시편 은 스테인레스 강(AISI 316LN), 구리(Cu), 알루미늄(Al)이고 온도는 액체헬륨과 액체 질소를 이용하여 변화시켰으며, 그외의 모든 시험조건은 국제 법정계량기구(OIML) 규 정에 따라 모든 기관이 통일되도록 하였다.통일되도록 하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.848-859
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• 2004

Mechanical testing methods to determine the material constants for large deformation nonlinear finite element analysis were demonstrated for natural rubber. Uniaxial tension, uniaxial compression, equi-biaxial tension and pure shear tests of rubber specimens are performed to achieve the stress-strain curves. The stress-strain curves are obtained after between 5 and 10 cycles to consider the Mullins effect. Mooney and Ogden strain-energy density functions, which are typical form of the hyperelastic material, are determined and compared with each other. The material constants using only uniaxial tension data are about 20% higher than those obtained by any other test data set. The experimental equations of shear elastic modulus on the hardness and maximum strain are presented using multiple regression method. Large deformation finite element analysis of automotive transmission mount using different material constants is performed and the load-displacement curves are compared with experiments. The selection of material constant in large deformation finite element analysis depend on the strain level of component in service.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.31-42
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• 1985

The metal flow and the strain distribution is investigated for the steady state and non-steady state bulk deformation processes by using an improved visioplasticity method which includes the effective smoothing scheme. The comparison of various smoothing schemes leads to the selection of the five- point least square smoothing method which is employed to reduce the measurement errors. As a steady state forming process experiments are carried out for axisy- mmetric forward extrusion through conical and curved dies of various area reduc- tions using Aluminum and steel billets. Axisymmetric backward extrusion is chosen for a nonsteady state forming process. In axisymmetric forward extrusion the results from visioplasticity show that the curved die of a fourth-order polynomial renders more uniform distribution of strain rates and strains. Higher reduction leads to greater strain rates at the outer side of the billet. The visioplastic observation for axisymmetric backward extrusion as a non-steady state deformation process shows the concentration of higher strain at the inner wall of the extruded product. The visioplastic results in forward extrusion are in agreement with the computed results by the finite element method. It is thus shown that the visio- plasticity combined with a smoothing technique is an effective method to determine the pattern and the distribution of strain rates and strains.