• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.325-330
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• 1995

The distribution of circumferential strain of arterial cross-section Is highest at intima and lowest at adventitia. However, the circumferential strain is theoretically severe at Intima because there is strain concentration. The theoretical degree of the intimal strain can not be explained in physiological condition even though artery is physiologically normal. Physiological adaptation may be undertaken to strain concentration. However, it is not clear, yet. Residual strain of artery is eagerly studied. There is experimental evidence that residual strain exists in artery. When ring of artery is longitudinally cut, it is opened. Assumption is made that intimal strain concentration is reduced with the considel'ation of residual strain. This study experimentally attempts to quantify the effect of residual strain on circumferential strain which is determined under the assumption of zero strain with zero pressure.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.109-119
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• 2000

PVDF film sensor was applied to measure the stress concentration for monitoring the structural integrity. The strain calibration of this film sensor was performed by the bending test of aluminum beam. The PVDF sensor and the electrical strain gage were bonded on the beam. When the beam was loaded, the output of electrical strain gage was compared with the output of the PVDF sensor. The waveform of PVDF sensor output was shown as the same form of the output of electrical strain gage. The gain was determined as 1.7 by comparing these two signals to determine the exact value of the strain. In order to experiment the stress concentration, the stress field was analyzed by finite element analysis. The tensile test of notched steel specimens was conducted to develop the measurement technique of stress concentration. The output voltage ratio between the PVDF sensor near the notch and the PVDF sensor far from the notch could give the information about the load bearing capacity of steel specimen.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.148-152
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• 1993

One kind of microorganism was isolated and identified from Korean fresh, white and red ginseng, and the effect of a preservative, sodium benzoate on the microorganism and its thermal resistant propertues were studied. The results obtained were as follows. The predominant strain on ginseng and ginseng products was identified as Penicillium sp. The strain showed perithecium structure producing ascospores. The growth of the strain was slightly inhibited at 0.0571 concentration of sodium benzoate. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of sodium benzoate against the strain was 0.26%. The D value of the strain at 56, 59, $62^{\circ}C$ were 9.9, 5.0 and 4.5 min, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Soil Zoology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.76-82
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• 1997

Mortality of some agro-forest insect pests, Agrotis segetum, Blitopertha orientalis, Agerastica coerulea, Glyphodes perspectalis and Acantholyda parki caused by entomopathogenic nematodes was investigated in laboratory and in pot. Steinernema carpocapsae All and Pocheon strain were effective against 2nd of 3rd instar larvae of A. segetum showing 100% mortalities at the concentration of 10Ijs/larva but not effective against 4th inster larvae. Mortality of B. orientalis was 100% after 26 days in H. bacteriopora NC 1, H. bacteriophora Hamyang and S. glageri NC strain treatment. S. monticulum also showed 100% mortalities against A. coerulea andd G. perspectalis at the concentration of 80 and 40 Ijs/larva. However, H. bacteriophora Cheju and S. glaseri Cheju strain were not effective against A. parki, i.e., showing 23.3 and 20.0% mortalities, respectively at the concentration of 160Ijs/larva. S. glaseri Hanrim strain was more effective than H. bacteriophora Cheju strain against Pryeria sinica.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.80-89
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• 1996

Fatigue life of a notched shaft was evaluated in order to estimate the durability and integrity of the notched shaft in design stage. Cumulative fatigue dama- ge analysis was performed using local strain approach based on the assumption that the fatigue life of a notched component is approximately same as that of a smooth specimen is subjected to the same strain at the notched component. In this paper, shafts with different notch root radius of 1, 2㎜ resulting in different values of stress concentration factors were tested under||rotating bending fatigue loading condition. Theoretical stress concentration factor for each notch type was calculated using finite element method. Fatigue life prediction program, FALIPS, written in C language was developed using the strain-life curve, and the local strain approach integrating Neuber's rule, cyclic stress-strain, and hysteresis loop equations. The fatigue life evaluated using the fatigue notch factor obtained from the experimentally determined fatigue strength showed very large scattering with nonconservatism, but the fatigue notch factors derived from the stress concentration factors and Peterson's equation reduced the considerablely accurate fatigue life evaluation within a factor of three.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.37-40
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• 2003

The antibacterial action of violet pigment, a mixture of violacein and deoxyviolacein, isolated from phychrotrophic bacterium RT102 strain was examined, and the operational conditions for the effective production of violet pigment were studied. The antibacterial activity of the violet pigment was confirmed for several bacteria such as Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the high concentration of violet pigment, above about 15mg/L, caused not only growth inhibition but also death of cells. The growth properties of RT102 strain were clarified under various incubation conditions such as pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen concentration. The maximum violet pigment concentration, i.e. 3.7 g/L, and the maximum productivity of violet pigment, i.e. 0.12 g .L$\^$-1/H$\^$-1/, were obtained in a batch culture of pH 6, 20$^{\circ}C$, and 1 mg/L of dissolved oxygen concentration.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.205-211
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• 1995

To investigate the antimicrobial effect of polyphosphates as a food additive, the growth and structural change of Listeria monocytogentes Scott A were examined in relation to polyphosphates concentration and incubation temperature. Up to 10,000 ppm of polyphosphates, the growth rate of strain was gradually inhibited with increasing polyphosphates concentration and decreasting the incubation temperature. Minimal inhibitory concentration of polyphosphates to the growth of strain was about 12,000 ppm. It was observed , using both scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM), that 0.9% polyphosphates treatment was resulted in the destruction of cell wall and outflow of cell ingredients. The antimicrobial effects of polyphosphates were more effective than those of dehydroacetate and potassium sorbate at 13$^{\circ}C$ and 4$^{\circ}C$. The growth rate the strain in beef was significantly inhibited by the treatment of 0.9% polyphosphates and storaged at cooling temperature.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.317-322
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• 2014

Bursting during tube hydroforming is preceded by localized necking. The retardation of the initiation of necking is a means to enhance hydroformability. Since high strain gradients occur at the necking sites, a decrease in local strain gradients is an effective way to retard the initiation of necking. In the current study, the expansion at potential necking sites was intentionally restricted in order to reduce the strain gradient at potential necking sites. From the strain distribution obtained from FEM, it is possible to determine strain concentrated zones, which are the potential necking sites. Prior to the hydroforming of a trailing arm, an incompressible material(such as lead) is attached to the tube where the strain-concentrated zone would contact the die. Due to the incompressibility of lead, the tube expansion is locally restricted, and the resultant strain extends to adjacent regions of the tube during hydroforming. After the first stage of hydroforming, the lead is removed from the tube, and the hydroforming continues to the final targeted shape without any local restriction. This method was successfully used to fabricate a complex shaped automotive trailing arm that had previously failed during traditional hydroforming fabrication.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.381-390
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• 2023

In this study, the mechanical performance of concrete exposed to chloride ion penetration was investigated. And a compressive stress-strain model was presented. CaCl₂ solution was added when mixing concrete to simulate long-term chloride ion penetration, and the concentration of chlorine ions was set to 0, 1, 2, and 4 % based on the weight of the binder. To investigate the compressive stress-strain curve after the peak stress of concrete, the compressive strength was measured by displacement control. When the chlorine ion concentration was 1 %, peak stress increased, but when the chlorine ion concentration was 2 % or more, peak stress decreased. In the case of peak strain, no trend according to chloride ion concentration was observed at 7 days. At 28 days, peak strain decreased as the chloride ion concentration increased. A compressive stress-strain curve model based on the Popovics model was presented using changes in peak stress and peak strain at 28 days. Microstructure analyses were performed to investigate the cause of the decrease in mechanical performance as the concentration of chlorine ions increased. It was confirmed that as the concentration of chlorine ion increased, Friedel's salt increased and portlandite decreased.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.309-315
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• 2000

To isolate yeast strains producing high concentration of ethanol, 125 strains were subjected to screening. Initially 14 strains able to grow in a medium containing 15%(v/v) ethanol, 7 strains capable of growing in a medium containing 50%(v/v) glucose, 23 strains having relatively fast fermentation rates, 13 strains able to grow at $42^{\circ}C$ were selected. After secondary screening, 11 strains having relatively high ini-tial fermentation rate and producing high concentration of ethanol were selected. After tertiary screening 5 strains producing high concentration of ethanol were selected. These 5 strains were again for their ethanol produc-tion, residual sugar, and viability using fermentation medium containing 25% glucose. The strain producing the highest concentration of ethanol was 20-1 strain which produced 10.56%(v/v) ethanol in 4 days, and the highest viable strain was 11-1 which produced 10.35%(v/v) ethanol(13.1%. v/v) with the viability of 30.44% after 5 days of fermentation. Both of the 20-1 and 11-1 strains were identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae.