• 제목/요약/키워드: storage containers

검색결과 164건 처리시간 0.026초

A Comparative Analysis: Various Storage Rules in Container Yards and Their Performances

  • Ma, Yaowen;Kim, Kap-Hwan
    • Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
    • /
    • 제11권3호
    • /
    • pp.276-287
    • /
    • 2012
  • Determining storage locations of containers is an important issue for efficient operation of container terminals. This study assumes a storage yard with a horizontal layout in which blocks are laid out in parallel to the quay and trucks enter at the side of a block to deliver (receive) a container to (from) the yard crane. Various storage rules for determining storage locations of containers are introduced. Simulation studies are conducted for evaluating various rules. The following guidelines are derived from the result of our simulation study: when designing a block, consider a block configuration in which the longest gantry and the longest trolley travel times of rail-mounted gantry cranes (RMGCs) are similar; do not restrict the types of containers that can be stored in a storage area; if different roles are to be assigned to different storage areas, one possible way is to divide a bay into two areas so that some rows in the bay are allocated to inbound containers while the other rows in the same bay are allocated to outbound containers; reserve the space in bay unit for a high productivity of RMGCs but reserve the space in stack unit when the storage space is not enough; when the storage space is not sufficient, allocate storage location in a way of starting from the end and ending at the middle of a block; for reducing the travel distance of internal trucks, provide a higher priority to a block nearer to the berthing position of the corresponding vessel.

저장용기에 따른 김치의 품질 특성 변화 (Changes Quality Characteristics of Kimchi by Storage Containers)

  • 임재운;문주수;김현덕;나두종;손종연
    • 한국식품영양학회지
    • /
    • 제17권1호
    • /
    • pp.80-85
    • /
    • 2004
  • 본 연구는 알루미나, 바이오, 스텐레스 및 플라스틱 등의 저장용기에 따른 김치의 품질 특성을 비교, 분석하여 새로운 소재의 김치 저장용기 개발에 필요한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 저장용기에 따른 김치의 pH 및 산도의 변화는 알루미나 용기에서 가장 적었으며 스텐레스, 바이오, 플라스틱 용기 순으로 나타났다. 저장용기에 따른 김치의 염도 변화는 저장 초기와 저장 후기에서의 큰 변화는 없었으며 저장용기별로도 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 모든 저장용기에서 환원당의 함량은 저장초기에 22.7 mg/mL이었으나 저장 20일째부터는 급격히 감소하여 31일째에는 알루미나, 바이오, 스텐레스 및 플라스틱 용기에서 각각 11.1, 3.7, 5.4 및 3.1 mg/mL로 감소하였다. 저장용기별 김치의 견고성, 응집성 및 점착성은 저장기간에 따라 점차 감소하였으며 감소되는 정도는 알루미나 < 바이오 < 스텐레스 < 플라스틱 용기순으로 알루미나 용기의 김치가 가장 조직감의 변화가 적었다. 저장용기별 김치의 신맛에 대한 관능적 특성은 알루미나 용기에서 가장 오랜 기간 "적당하다"라는 반응을 보였으며 생배추의 맛이나 아삭삭한 정도의 특성도 다른 용기의 김치에 비해 오랫동안 지속되었다. 이상의 결과로 김치 저장용기별 pH, 산도, 염도, 환원당, 조직감, 관능특성의 변화를 비교해 볼 때, 김치의 신선도 유지에 가장 우수한 저장 용기는 알루미나 > 바이오 $\geq$ 스텐레스 > 플라스틱 용기의 순으로 나타났다. 순으로 나타났다.

자생식물 추출물을 첨가하여 개발된 저장용기의 김치 저장 중 미생물과 관능적 특성의 변화 (Changes in Microbial Properties and Sensory Characteristics during the Storage of Kimchi in Containers with Native Plant Extracts)

  • 우나리야;이혜란;고성희
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
    • /
    • 제22권1호
    • /
    • pp.646-655
    • /
    • 2022
  • 본 연구는 자생식물 추출물을 첨가하여 개발된 항균용기(KAPP)에 저장된 김치의 발효 및 품질특성을 비교하였다. 실험에 사용된 저장용기는 개발된 항균용기(KAPP)와 기존 시판 용기인 폴리프로필렌 용기(KPP), 스테인레스 스틸 용기(KST), 포세린 용기(KPC)로 총 4가지를 사용하였다. 김치를 저장하는 동안 총균수의 증가와 감소는 4가지 용기 모두 비슷했으나 KAPP의 경우 가장 낮은 증가를 보였고, 대장균군의 경우에는 저장 15일 이후부터 50일까지 가장 낮은 수준을 유지하는 것으로 나타났다. Leuconostoc spp. 과 Lactobicillus spp.는 저장 15일까지 모든 실험군에서 급격한 증가를 보인 후 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으나 특히 KAPP 용기에 저장된 김치는 나머지 3가지 저장 용기에 비해 높은 수준을 유지하는 것으로 측정되었다. 저장 40일의 김치를 관능 검사한 결과 KAPP 용기에 저장된 김치가 시판 KPP, KST, KPC 용기의 김치에 비하여 전반적으로 외관, 냄새, 맛 및 전반적인 기호도 항목에서 관능적인 점수가 높았다. 이를 통해 자생식물의 추출물을 첨가하여 개발한 항균용기가 시판 3가지 저장 용기와 비교했을 때 젖산발효에 효과적임을 확인하였으며 관능적인 면에서도 우수함을 확인하였다.

유체-구조물 상호작용 효과를 고려한 직사각형 단면의 수조구조물의 동적 해석 (Dynamic Analysis of Rectangular Liquid Storage Containers Considering Fluid-Structure Interaction effects)

  • 박장호;권기준
    • 한국안전학회지
    • /
    • 제15권3호
    • /
    • pp.96-101
    • /
    • 2000
  • The effects of internal fluid motion have to be considered in the analysis of liquid storage containers. Therefore this thesis developed a three-dimensional boundary element-finite element method for the analysis of rectangular liquid storage containers. The irrotational motion of inviscid and incompressible ideal fluid is modeled by using boundary elements and the motion of structure by finite elements. Coupling is performed by using compatibility and equilibrium conditions along the interface. Dynamic response characteristics of rectangular liquid storage containers such as sloshing motion, hydrodynamic pressure, displacement by fluid-structure interaction are investigated.

  • PDF

Improvement of Shelf-life and Quality in Fresh-Cut Tomato Slices:

  • Hong Ji Heun
    • 한국식품저장유통학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 한국식품저장유통학회 2004년도 총회및 심포지움
    • /
    • pp.67-72
    • /
    • 2004
  • Quality of fresh-cut tomato slices was compared during cold storage under various modified atmosphere packaging conditions. Chilling injury of slices in containers sealed with Film A was higher than with Film B; these films had oxygen transmission rates of 87.4 and 60.0 ml $h^{-1}\;m^{-2}\;atm^{-1}$ at $5^{\circ}C\;and\;99\%$ RH, respectively. While slices in containers with an initial atmospheric composition of air, $4\%\;CO_2+1\;or\;20\%\;O_2,\;8\%\;CO_2+1\;or\;20\%\;O_2,\;or\;12\%\;CO_2+20\%\;O_2$ showed fungal growth, slices in containers with $12\%\;CO_2+1\%\;O_2$ did not. Low ethylene in containers enhanced chilling injury. Modified atmosphere packaging provided good quality tomato slices with a shelf-life of 2 weeks or more at $5^{\circ}C$. Experiments were conducted to compare changes in quality of slices of red tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. 'Sunbeam') fruit from plants grown using black polyethylene or hairy vetch mulches under various foliar disease management systems including: no fungicide applications (NF), a disease forecasting model (Tom-Cast), and weekly fungicide applications (WF), during storage at $5^{\circ}C$ under a modified atmosphere. Slices were analyzed for firmness, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), pH, electrolyte leakage, fungi, yeasts, and chilling injury. With both NF and Tom-Cast fungicide treatments, slices from tomato fruit grown with hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) mulch were firmer than those from tomato fruit grown with black polyethylene mulch after 12 days storage. Ethylene production of slices from fruit grown using hairy vetch mulch under Tom-Cast was about 1.5- and 5-fold higher than that of slices from WF and NF fungicide treatments after 12 days, respectively. The percentage of water-soaked areas (chilling injury) for slices from tomato fruit grown using black polyethylene mulch under NF was over 7-fold that of slices from tomato fruit grown using hairy vetch under Tom-Cast. When stored at $20^{\circ}C$, slices from light-red tomato fruit grown with black polyethylene or hairy vetch mulches both showed a rapid increase in electrolyte leakage beginning 6 hours after slicing. However, slices from tomato fruit grown using the hairy vetch mulch tended to have lower electrolyte leakage than those grown with black polyethylene mulch. These results suggest that tomato fruit from plants grown using hairy vetch mulch may be more suitable for fresh-cut slices than those grown using black polyethylene mulch. Also, use of the disease forecasting model Tom-Cast, which can result in lower fungicide application than is currently used commercially, resulted in high quality fruit for fresh-cut processing. Experiments were conducted to determine if ethylene influences chilling injury, as measured by percentage of slices exhibiting water-soaked areas in fresh-cut tomato slices of 'Mountain Pride' and 'Sunbeam' tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Ethylene concentration in containers without ventilation significantly increased during storage at $5^{\circ}C$, whereas little or no accumulation of ethylene occurred in containers with one or six perforations. Chilling injury was greatest for slices in containers with six perforations, compared to slices in containers with one perforation, and was over 13-fold greater than that of slices in control containers with no perforations. An experiment was also performed to investigate the effectiveness of including an ethylene absorbent pad in containers on subsequent ethylene accumulation and chilling injury. While ethylene in the no-pad controls increased continually during storage of both 'Mountain Pride' and 'Sunbeam' tomatoes at $5^{\circ}C$ under modified atmosphere conditions, no increase in accumulation of ethylene was observed in containers containing ethylene absorbent pads throughout storage. The ethylene absorbent pad treatment resulted in a significantly higher percentage of chilling injury compared with the no-pad control. In studies aimed at inhibiting ethylene production using AVG during storage of slices, the concentration of ethylene in control containers (no AVG) remained at elevated levels throughout storage, compared to containers with slices treated with AVG. Chilling injury in slices treated with AVG was 5-fold greater than that of controls. Further, we tested the effect of ethylene pretreatment of slices on subsequent slice shelf-life and quality. In slices treated with ethylene (0, 0.1, 1, or $10\;{mu}L\;L^{-1}$) immediately after slicing, ethylene production in non-treated controls was greater than that of all other ethylene pre-treatments. However, pretreatment of slices 3 days after slicing resulted in a different pattern of ethylene production during storage. Ihe rate of ethylene production by slices treated with 1 L $L^{-1}$ ethylene 3 days after slicing was greater during storage than any of the other ethylene treatments. With slices pre-treated with ethylene, both immediately and 3 days after slicing, the rate of ethylene production tended to show an negative correlation with chilling injury. Chemical name used: 1-aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG).

  • PDF

Thermal analysis of certain accident conditions of dry spent nuclear fuel storage

  • Alyokhina, Svitlana
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
    • /
    • 제50권5호
    • /
    • pp.717-723
    • /
    • 2018
  • Thermal analysis of accident conditions is an important problem during safety assessment of the dry spent nuclear fuel storage facilities. Thermal aspects of accident conditions with channel blockage of ventilated storage containers are considered in this article. Analysis of flow structure inside ventilated containers is carried out by numerical simulation. The main mechanisms of heat and mass transfer, which take part in spent nuclear fuel cooling, were detected. Classification of accidents on the basis of their influence on the maximum temperatures inside storage casks is proposed.

재취급을 최소화하기 위한 수출컨테이너 장치위치 결정법 (Locating export containers in order to minimize the number of rehandles)

  • 김갑환;박영만
    • 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 대한산업공학회/한국경영과학회 1996년도 춘계공동학술대회논문집; 공군사관학교, 청주; 26-27 Apr. 1996
    • /
    • pp.473-476
    • /
    • 1996
  • In order to reduce the number of rehandles during the loading operation of export containers in port container terminals, the storage location of each arriving container should be determined considering of its weight. We formulate the problem by a dynamic programming model to get the optimal storage location.

  • PDF

Pricing the Storage of Inbound Containers with a Discrete Probability Distribution of Retrieval Times

  • Kim, Ki-Young;Kim, Kap-Hwan
    • Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
    • /
    • 제9권2호
    • /
    • pp.165-177
    • /
    • 2010
  • This paper discusses a method for pricing the storage of inbound containers in a container yard. The pricing structure is characterized by a free-time-limit and a storage price for the storage time that extends beyond the free-time-limit. A cost model is developed from the viewpoint of a public terminal operator as well as a private terminal operator. Unlike a previous study on this issue, this study assumes that the retrieval times follow a discrete probability distribution, which is more realistic than the previous study. A solution procedure is suggested and illustrated by using numerical examples.

밀폐용기와 지퍼백에 저장한 잣(Pinus koraiensis)의 품질변화 연구 (Quality Changes of Pine Nuts(Pinus koraiensis) Stored in Airtight Container and Zipper Bag)

  • 김성수;박지영;박수일;이윤석;김재능
    • 한국포장학회지
    • /
    • 제14권2호
    • /
    • pp.57-63
    • /
    • 2008
  • The effects of airtight containers and zipper bags on the freshness extension of pine nuts (Pinus koraiensis) were studied at 4 and $25^{\circ}C$. Changes in total microbial growth, 2-thiobarbituric acid(TBA), color, and sensory quality were evaluated during storage. Total bacterial counts of the samples continuously increased over 28 days for airtight containers and 56 days for zipper bags, and then decreased at 70 days because the lack of air could affect the inhibition of the aerobic microbial growth. However no significant differences were observed between airtight containers and zipper bags. TBA values continuously increased with storage time, but there were no significant differences between the airtight containers and zipper bags during storage. Color changes and sensory evaluation analyses showed that the data revealed similar results for both packaging systems over the storage time. Therefore, it has been concluded that airtight containers and zipper bags could be used as a good packaging system to extend the shelf life of pine nuts by controlling the microbial growth, but the packaging systems of the airtight containers and the zipper bags was not significantly affect the quality parameters for 2-thiobarbituric acid(TBA), color, and sensory quality.

  • PDF

An Approach to the Localization of Technology for a Transport and Storage Container for Very Low-Level Radioactive Liquid Waste

  • Shin, Seung Hun;Choi, Woo Nyun;Yoon, Seungbin;Lee, Un Jang;Park, Hye Min;Kim, Hee Reyoung
    • 방사성폐기물학회지
    • /
    • 제20권1호
    • /
    • pp.127-131
    • /
    • 2022
  • The structural safety of prototype transport and storage containers for very low-level radioactive liquid waste was experimentally estimated for its localization development. Transport containers for radioactive liquid waste have been researched and developed, however, there are no standardized commercial containers for very low-level radioactive waste in Korea. In this study, the structural safety of the designated IP-2 type container capable of transporting and temporarily storing large amounts of very low-level liquid waste, which is generated during the operation and decommissioning of nuclear power plants, was demonstrated. The stacking and drop tests, which were conducted to determine the structural integrity of the container, verified that there was no external leakage of the contents in spite of its structural deformation due to the drop impact. This study shows the effort required for the localization of the technology used in manufacturing transport and storage containers for very low-level radioactive liquid waste, and the additional structural reinforcement of the container in which the commercial intermediate bulk container (IBC) external frame was coupled.