• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.70-74
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• 2020

Purpose: This study examined whether 1) the motor inhibition response as cognitive-behavioral component is learning though a stop signal task using stop-signal paradigm, and 2) whether there is a difference in the learning degree according to imagery training and actual practice training. Methods: Twenty young adults (males: 9, females: 11) volunteered to participate in this study, and were divided randomly into motor imagery training (IT, n=10) and practice training (PT, n=10) groups. The PT group performed an actual practice stop-signal task, while the IT group performed imagery training, which showed a stop-signal task on a monitor of a personal computer. The non-signal reaction time and stop-signal reaction time of both groups were assessed during the stop-signal task. Results: In the non-signal reaction time, there were no significant intra-group and inter-group differences between pre- and post-intervention in both groups (p>0.05). The stop-signal reaction time showed a significant difference in the PT group in the intra-group analysis (p<0.05). On the other hand, there was no significant intra-group difference in the IT group and inter-group difference between pre- and post-intervention (p>0.05). Conclusion: These results showed that the motor inhibition response could be learned through a stop-signal task. Moreover, these findings suggest that actual practice is a more effective method for learning the motor inhibition response.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2011

Purpose: We studied the changes in motor response time and stop signal response time following visuomotor skill learning of a stop signal task in young healthy subjects. This study also was designed to determine what an effective practice is for different stop signals in the stop signal task (SST). Methods: Forty-five right-handed normal volunteers without a history of neurological dysfunction were recruited. They all gave written informed consent. In all subjects, motor reaction time (RT) and stop signal reaction time (SSRT) were measured for the stop signal task. Tasks were classified into three categories: predictable-stop signal task (P-SST) practice group random-stop signal task (R-SST) practice group control group. Results: Motor reaction time in the P-SST was significantly reduced when comparing pre- and post-tests (p<0.05). Stop signal reaction times in the P-SST and the R-SST were significantly reduced following motor skill learning (p<0.05). Also, the reaction time of the R-SST was shorter than that of the P-SST. Conclusion: These findings indicate that practice of an SST improves motor performance and stop function for some stop signals in the SST. P-SST practice was effective in the stop function of regular movement because of faster of the motor prediction and preparation but the R-SST was effective in the stop function of movements because of faster motor selection.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.65-70
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• 2011

Purpose: We investigated the changes in the stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) and the no-signal reaction time (NSRT) following motor sequential learning in the stop-signal task (SST). This study also determined which of the reduction0s of spatial processing time was better between blocked- and random-SST. Methods: Thirty right-handed healthy subjects without a history of neurological dysfunction were recruited. In all subjects, both the SSRT and the NSRT were measured for the SST. Tasks were classified into two categories based on the stop-signal patterns, the blocked-SST practice group and random-SST practice group. All subjects gave written informed consent. Results: In the blocked-SST group, both the SSRT and the NSRT was significantly decreased (p<0.05) but not significantly changed in the random-SST group. In the SSRT and the NSRT, the blocked-SST group was faster than the random-SST group (p<0.05). In the post-test SST after practice of each group, the SSRT was significantly decreased in the random-SST group (p<0.05), but the NSRT showed no significant changes in either group. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that random-SST practice resulted in a decrease in internal processing times needed for a rapid stop to visual signals, indicating motor skill learning is acquired through improved response selection and inhibition.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.9 no.1 s.31
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• pp.29-38
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• 2007

The Korea National Police Agency launched a campaign to encourage drivers in stop line observance and to discourage stop line violation by intensively imposing fines. It was to increase stop line observance of drivers and thus traffic safety. According to statistics, the stop line observance rate was increased over 80 % of drivers during the campaign but regressed to the past after the campaign. This paper delivers the effect of the location of traffic signal lights on driver's stop line observance and develops a guideline to improve highway traffic environment in long terms. Statistical tests conducted based on field data showed that the drivers' stop line observance increases when traffic signal lights are closely installed from a stop line. It was proposed from the study that traffic signal lights be installed $10{\sim}20m$ from a stop line.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.269-282
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• 2009

This paper presents a novel approach for Lamb wave based structural health monitoring(SHM) in honeycomb aluminum panels. In this study, a suite of three signal processing algorithms are employed to improve the damage detection capability. The signal processing algorithms used include wavelet attenuation, correlation coefficients of power density spectra, and triangulation of reflected waves. Piezoelectric transducers are utilized as both sensors and actuators for Lamb wave propagation. These SHM algorithms are built into a MatLab interface that integrates and automates the hardware and software operations and displays the results for each algorithm to the analyst for side by side comparison. The effectiveness of each of these signal processing algorithms for SHM in honeycomb aluminum panels under a variety of damage conditions is then demonstrated.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.135-145
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between cognitive and motor inhibition by comparing muscle activity and ground reaction force during unplanned gait termination according to reaction time measured through the stop-signal task. Methods: Sixteen young adults performed a stop-signal task and an unplanned gait termination separately. The subjects were divided into fast and slow groups based on their stop-signal reaction time (SSRT), as measured by the stop-signal task. Electromyography (EMG) and ground reaction force (GRF) were compared between the groups during unplanned gait termination. The data for gait termination were divided into three phases (Phase 1 to 3). The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare spatiotemporal gait parameters and EMG and GRF data between groups. Results: The slow group had significantly higher activity of the tibialis anterior in Phase 2 and Phase 3 than the fast group (p <0.05). In Phase 1, the fast group had significantly shorter time to peak amplitude (TPA) of the soleus than the slow group (p <0.05). In Phase 2, the TPA of the tibialis anterior was significantly lower in the fast group than the slow group (p <0.05). In Phase 3, there was no significant difference in the GRF between the two groups (p >0.05). There were no significant difference between the two groups in the spatiotemporal gait parameters (p >0.05). Conclusion: Compared to the slow group, the fast group with cognitive inhibition suppressed muscle activity for unplanned gait termination. The association between SSRT and unplanned gait termination shows that a participant's ability to suppress an incipient finger response is relevant to their ability to construct a corrective gait pattern in a choice-demanding environment.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.884-892
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• 1996

An adaptive blind equalizer is used to combat the distortions caused by a nonideal channel without resorting to a training sequence, given the received signal and statistical information of the transmitted signal. Incidentally, a multipath channel may result in a fade which produces intersymbol interference in the received signal. Therefore, a new type of algorithm which can compenste the effects of this fade is required in the multipath channel environment. In this paper, a modified form of adaptive blind equalization algorithm using stop-and-go algorithm for multichannel system is proposed. It is demonstrated via computer simulations that the performance of the proposed multichannel stop-and-go algorithm is much better than that of the conventional multichannel algorithms.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.893-898
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• 2017

A TDC(Time-to-Digital Converter) of counter-type is designed by $0.18{\mu}mCMOS$process and the supply voltage is 1.5 volts. The converted error of maximum $T_{CK}$ is occurred by the time difference between the start signal and the clock when the period of clock is $T_{CK}$ in the conventional TDC. And the converted error of -$T_{CK}$ is occurred by the time difference between the stop signal and the clock. However in order to compensate the disadvantage of the conventional TDC the clock is generated within the TDC circuit and the clock is synchronized with the start and stop signals. In the designed TDC circuit the conversion error is not occurred by the difference between the start signal and the click and the magnitude of conversion error is reduced (1/2)$T_{CK}$ by the time difference between the stop signal and the clock.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.25-37
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• 2014

Recently, our local governments are conducting the introduction of tram system because it is recognized as an effective public transit that can solve a traffic jam in downtown, decreasing public transit share and environmental issues in world wide cities. We developed the Active Priority Control Strategy to efficiently operate a tram in our existing traffic signal system. This study organized the tram system for operating the Active Priority Signal Control, developed the algorithm that calculates a tram-stop dwell time in order to pass the downstream intersection without a stop. The dwell time is determined by arrival time at tram-stop, downstream signal time, and the location of a opposite tram, it can be reduced by choosing the optimal one among Signal Priority Controls. Using the VISSIM and VISVAP model, we conducted a simulation test for the city of Chang-won that it is expected to install a tram system. It showed that a developed signal control strategy is effective to prevent a tram's stop in intersections, to reduce a tram's travel time.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.103-113
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• 1999

In this paper, we propose th soft decision-directed sto-and-go algorithm combining a concept of the stop-and-go algorithm with soft decision-directed algorithm. The proposed algorithm has an enhanced equalization performance according to using the more confidential error signal than two algorithms. By computer simulation, it is confirmed that the proposed algorithm has the performance superiority in terms of residual ISI and convergence speed compared with the adaptive blind equalization algorithm of CMA, Modified CMA(MCMA), Stop-and Go algorithm and simplified 50ft decision-directed algorithm.