• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.41-59
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• 2009

The present study investigated Korean learners' knowledge on the range of possible interpretations of English locative PPs with manner of motion verbs, and considers whether learners can arrive at a superset L2 grammar on the basis of positive L2 input. Unlike Korean, some English locative PPs occurring with manner of motion verbs (such as in John jumped on the bed) are ambiguous as they can be interpreted as either directional or locational. Thirty Korean learners of English in three distinct groups (Advanced EFL-only group; Intermediate-EFL-only group; and ESL-experienced group) participated in an experimental study, along with a control group of nine native speakers of English. The results of the study showed that I) Korean learners, overall, tended to interpret English locative PPs as only locational, failing to recognize the ambiguity between the directional and locational readings in the target structure; 2) For the learners who experienced only the EFL context, even highly proficient learners, as well as intermediate level learners, failed to acknowledge the ambiguity; 3) The learners who experienced the ESL context for an extended period of time could identify the target reading to some extent, although they still could not reach the native-like competence. From these results, it is argued that robustness of positive evidence, not simply its availability, is critical in the acquisition of the superset L2 targets like the present one.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.1354-1359
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• 2004

This paper is concerned with the application of perturbation method to the dynamic analysis of floating flexible body. In dealing with the dynamics of free-floating body, the rigid-body motions and elastic vibrations are analyzed separately. However, the rigid-body motions cause vibrations and elastic vibrations also affect rigid-body motions in turn, which indicates that the rigid-body motions and elastic vibrations are coupled in nature. The resulting equations of motion are hybrid and nonlinear. We can discretize the equations of motion by means of admissible functions but still we have to cope with nonlinear equations. In the previous paper, we proposed the use of perturbation method to the coupled equations of motion and derived zero-order and first-order equations of motion. The derivation process was lengthy and tedious. Hence, in this paper, we propose a new approach to the same problem by applying the perturbation method to the Lagrange's equations, thus providing a systematic approach to the addressed problem. Theoretical derivations show the efficacy of the proposed method.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.383-393
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• 1997

In order to study the effect of student's conceptions about force and motion into the graph construction in kinematics in college physics course, the tasks of constructing the qualitative graph in the similar problem context used in force conception was asked to the first 74 and third 97 student teacher in teachers' university. The frequencies analysis showed that student teachers had the naive conceptions that the throwing force was still acted to a upwarding ball. They also had the popular Aristotelian views about motion. These naive conceptions coexisted with the scientific conception about gravitational force. In a simple pendulum problem no one had the correct acceleration concepts which varies the direction in swing. This result suggest that student teacher had more difficulties in a acceleration problem than in a velocity problem In v-t and a-t graph construction tasks, the number of categories of a-t graphs were more than that of v-t graphs. There were many graph errors in a sign of velocity and acceleration. The acceleration conceptions without the relations of changes in velocity made the kinematics graphs more various shapes. The force and motion conceptions influenced the ability to construct the kinematics graphs.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.07c
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• pp.1760-1763
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• 2002

In this paper the authors present their attempt io realize a motion pattern detector that finds specified sequence of image from input motion image. The detector is intended to be used for time-varying facial expression understanding. Needless to say, facial expression understanding by machine is crucial and enriches quality of human machine interaction. Among various facial expressions, like blinking, there must be such expressions that can not be recognized if input expression image is static. Still image of blinking can not be distinguished from sleeping. In this paper, the authors discuss implementation of their motion pattern detector and describe experiments using the detector. Experimental results confirm the feasibility of the idea behind the implemented detector.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.285-294
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• 2012

Using bearing measurement only, target motion state is not directly obtained so that TMA (Target Motion Analysis) is needed for this situation. TMA is a nonlinear estimation technique used in passive SONAR systems. Also it is the one of important techniques for underwater combat management systems. TMA can be divided to two parts: batch estimation and sequential estimation. It is preferable to use sequential estimation for reducing computational load as well as adaptively to target maneuvers, batch estimation is still required to attain target initial state vector for convergence of sequential estimation. Selection of batch time interval which depends on observability is critical in TMA performance. Batch estimation in general utilizes predetermined batch time interval. In this paper, we propose a new method called the BTIS (Batch Time Interval and Initial State Estimation). The proposed BTIS estimates target initial status and determines the batch time interval sequentially by using a bank of GMM-TS (Gaussian Mixture Measurement-Track Splitting) filters. The performance of the proposal method is verified by a Monte Carlo simulation study.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.443-455
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• 2012

The configuration of a musculoskeletal (MS) system is closely related to the individual motions of the human body. Many researches have been focused on evaluating the associations between the MS configuration and the individual motion using patient-specific MS models, but it still remains a challenging issue to accurately predict the motion by differed configurations of the MS system. The main objective of this paper is to predict the changes of a patient-specific gait by altering the geometric parameters of the hip joint using function-based morphing method (FBM). FBM is suitable for motion analysis since this method provide a robust way to morph a MS model while preserving the biomechanical functions of the bones. Computed-muscle control technique is used to calculate the muscle excitations to reproduce the targeted motion within a digital MS model without the motion-captured data. We applied this approach to a patient who has an abnormal gait pattern. Results showed that the femoral neck length and the angle significantly affect to the motion especially for the hip abduction angle during gait, and that this approach is suitable for gait prediction.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.84.1-84.1
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• 2010

Globular clusters (GCs) are known to be one of the oldest objects in the Milky Way. Therefore the dynamical informations of GCs are very important to understand the formation and evolution of our Galaxy. Motion of GCs in the halo of Galaxy can be traced by radial velocities of individual stars and proper motions of GCs. Measuring the radial velocities of stars in GCs has been challenging for decades because the brightness of stars (even for the brightest stars) in GCs are too faint (V>14) to measure the radial velocities. The available large telescopes (D>4m) enable us to observe the spectra of stars in the red giant branch of GCs, and it is now more plausible to measure the radial velocities of stars in GCs. On the contrary it is still very difficult to measure the sky-projected two-dimensional motion of GCs in Galaxy even with the large telescopes because the distance to GCs is quite large (~10kpc) compared to the spatial resolution of present-day large ground-based telescopes. Instruments on-board Hubble Space Telescope are ideal to study the proper motion of GCs thanks to their extremely high spatial resolution (~0.05arcsec). We report a study of proper motion of NGC 104, one of the most metal-rich Milky Way GCs, based-on archival images of NGC 104 observed using HST/ACS. Using the stars in Small Magellanic Cloud as reference coordinate, we are able to measure the proper motions of individual stars in NGC 104 with a high precision. We discuss the internal dynamics of stars in NGC 104 by comparing proper motion results based-on shorter (<1yr) and longer (~7yrs) time durations.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.1531-1536
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose a fast motion estimation algorithm which is important in performance of video encoding. Even though so many fast algorithms for motion estimation have been published due to its tremendous computational amount of for full search algorithm, efforts for reducing computations in motion estimation still remain. In the paper, we propose an algorithm that reduces unnecessary computations only, while keeping prediction quality the same as that of the full search. The proposed algorithm does not calculate block matching error for each candidate at once to find motion vectors but divides the calculation procedure into several steps and calculates partial sum of block errors. By doing that, we can estimate the minimum error point early and get the enhancement of calculation speed by reducing unnecessary computations. The proposed algorithm uses smaller computations than conventional fast search algorithms with the same prediction quality as full search.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.84-90
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• 2019

Tremendous computation of full search or lossless motion estimation algorithms for video coding has led development of many fast motion estimation algorithms. We still need proper control of computation and prediction quality. In the paper, we suggest an algorithm that reduces computation effectively and controls computational amount and prediction quality, while keeping prediction quality as almost the same as that of the full search. The proposed algorithm uses multiple thresholds for partial block sum and times of counting unchanged minimum position for each step. It also calculates the partial block matching error, removes impossible candidates early, implements fast motion estimation by comparing times of keeping the position of minimum error for each step, and controls prediction quality and computation easily by adjusting the thresholds. The proposed algorithm can be combined with conventional fast motion estimation algorithms as well as by itself, further reduce computation while keeping the prediction quality as almost same as the algorithms, and prove it in the experimental results.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.512-522
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• 2005

In this paper an algorithm of image alignments for constructing seamless mosaics is proposed. After the global alignment has been run, there may still be localized mis-registrations present in the mosaic. Due to mis-registrations, there may be seams in the mosaic, such as breaking, blurring, and doubling of lines. To solve this problem, we need an algorithm of residual motion estimation, which minimizes mis-registrations. In the conventional algorithms of residual motion estimation, computational powers are too heavy and estimators of camera parameters are additionally needed such as focal lengths. In the proposed algorithm, residual motion vectors are estimated with the adequate size of estimation and measurement windows and with adjustment of initial vectors according to the established priority. By construction of mosaics with the proposed algorithm, we demonstrate the removal of seams by mis-registrations.