• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.17-22
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• 2006

Cryptocercus nymphs periodically groom ventral surface of their parents. The grooming might be licking-behavior to obtain secretions from the ventral surface of their parents, and some essential nutrients or hormones that facilitate nymphal development might be included in the secretions. We tried to find morphological structures for secretion outlets on the ventral surface. The deep depressions around setae were present, and their shape was an external morphological structure that liquid secretions from internal glands are likely to be well seized. There were also small holes on the depressions that might be external openings for secretions from the sternal glands. Another possible region on body surface for outlets of secretions might be the apophyses. In Cryptocercus individuals, mucous liquid on body surface was relatively highly present around coxa. The intercoxal apodemes, to which muscles are attached and which open externally between the mid and hindcoxae, might have evolved a secondary function of producing nourishment for the young.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.213-216
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• 2021

Many surgeons have demonstrated the validity of sternocleidomastoid muscle flaps for the reconstruction of head and neck tumors. We present a case in which we used an island sternocleidomastoid muscle flap to reconstruct a cheek depression after excision of a malignant parotid tumor. A 44-year-old woman presented with a right malignant parotid tumor. We performed total resection of the parotid gland and facial nerve with the sural nerve and reconstructed the facial nerve and cheek depression with an island sternocleidomastoid muscle flap. The sternal head of the right sternocleidomastoid muscle was cut at the cranial and caudal segments to elevate it as an island flap. We used the superior thyroid artery as the sole pedicle for the island muscle flap. At 1 year and 3 months after the operation, the mimic muscles had gradually recovered and progressed without complications such as Frey syndrome, cervical motor dysfunction, or concave deformation of the neck and cheeks.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.174-179
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• 2010

Objective : Cricothyrotomy and tracheostomy are performed by physicians in various disciplines. It is important to know the comprehensive anatomy of the laryngotracheal region. Hemorrhage, esophageal injury, recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, pneumothorax, hemothorax, false passage of the tube and tracheal stenosis after decannulation are well known complications of the cricothyrotomy and tracheostomy. Cricothyrotomy and tracheostomy should be performed without complications and as quickly as possible with regards the patients' clinical condition. Methods : A total of 40 cadaver necks were dissected in this study. The trachea and larynx and the relationship between the trachea and larynx and the surrounding structures was investigated. The tracheal cartilages and annular ligaments were counted and the relationship between tracheal cartilages and the thyroid gland and vascular structures was investigated. We performed cricothyrotomy and tracheostomy in eleven cadavers while simulating intensive care unit conditions to determine the duration of those procedures. Results : There were 11 tracheal cartilages and 10 annular ligaments between the cricoid cartilage and sternal notch. The average length of trachea between the cricoid cartilage and the suprasternal notch was 6.9 to 8.2 cm. The cricothyroid muscle and cricothyroid ligament were observed and dissected and no vital anatomic structure detected. The average length and width of the cricothyroid ligament was 8 to 12 mm and 8 to 10 mm, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the surgical time required for cricothyrotomy and tracheostomy (p < 0.0001). Conclusion : Tracheostomy and cricothyrotomy have a low complication rate if the person performing the procedure has thorough knowledge of the neck anatomy. The choice of tracheostomy or cricothyrotomy to establish an airway depends on the patients' clinical condition, for instance; cricothyrotomy should be preferred in patients with cervicothoracal injury or dislocation who suffer from respiratory dysfunction. Furthermore; if a patient is under risk of hypoxia or anoxia due to a difficult airway, cricothyrotomy should be preferred rather than tracheostomy.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.557-561
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• 2010

중증 근무력증의 치료법으로서 흉선절제술은 효과가 입증된 표준 치료법 중 하나로 받아들여지고 있다. 흉선절제 수술법은 종래에 시행되던 흉골절개나 혹은 다른 개흉 수술법에 반해 최근 최소 침습 수술법이 시도되고 있다. 증례는 28세 남자로, 양손의 위약감 및 피로감을 호소하여 검사 결과 흉선 과형성을 동반한 중증 근무력증으로 진단하였고, da Vinci 로봇을 이용하여 흉선절제술을 시행하였다. 수술은 좌우 흉강을 통해 양측으로 접근하여, 우측에서 흉선의 2/3를 절제하고 좌측에서 나머지를 절제하였으며, 소요시간은 각각 1시간, 30분이었다. 환자는 술후 8일째 합병증 없이 퇴원하였다. 최소 침습 흉선절제술로서 da Vinci 로봇을 이용한 수술법이 국외에서 시도되고 있지만 국내에는 아직 보고된 바가 없어, 본원에서 수행한 성공적인 경험을 보고하는 바이다.