• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.277-287
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• 2003

As primary source data toward the systematic and efficient management of national land, the aerial photographs have been utilized in many different areas. However, the quality of aerial photographs does not meet the requirement of the users due to unidentified miscellaneous reasons. Aiming for the improvement of the quality of aerial photographs, we first investigated the current status of domestic rules and working procedures related to aerial photographing and film processing in great details. In addition, we investigated and analyzed those of advanced nations such as U.S.A., Canada, G.B. and so on. It was drawn from the comparison and analysis that the poor quality of domestic aerial photographs resulted from lack of the quantitative and objective standards on aerial photography specification as well as poor condition and aging problem of equipments such as aerial camera and film developing equipment. In this paper, we proposed a stepwise strategic plan which consists of the aerial photography specification and quantitative quality control standard taking into consideration the current status of domestic rules and working procedures.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.537-543
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• 2012

In this study, we experimentally investigate a noise mechanism related to the machining accuracy of the reducer in the driving state. We fabricate a planetary reducer and four types of gears for use in the planetary reducer. We use signal analysis to determine the noise and vibration of the reducer at different motor speeds; the motor speed is increased from 0 rpm to the maximum speed in a stepwise manner. In addition, we obtain the sound level by using a sound level meter. The machining accuracy of gears is evaluated by public organizations, Korea Testing Laboratory (KTL), on the basis of the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS). We analyze and compare the results with the noise and vibration of the reducer.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 2017

Background: A gamma energy identifying algorithm using spectral decomposition combined with smoothing method was suggested to confirm the existence of the artificial radio isotopes. The algorithm is composed by original pattern recognition method and smoothing method to enhance the performance to identify gamma energy of radiation sensors that have low energy resolution. Materials and Methods: The gamma energy identifying algorithm for the compact radiation sensor is a three-step of refinement process. Firstly, the magnitude set is calculated by the original spectral decomposition. Secondly, the magnitude of modeling error in the magnitude set is reduced by the smoothing method. Thirdly, the expected gamma energy is finally decided based on the enhanced magnitude set as a result of the spectral decomposition with the smoothing method. The algorithm was optimized for the designed radiation sensor composed of a CsI (Tl) scintillator and a silicon pin diode. Results and Discussion: The two performance parameters used to estimate the algorithm are the accuracy of expected gamma energy and the number of repeated calculations. The original gamma energy was accurately identified with the single energy of gamma radiation by adapting this modeling error reduction method. Also the average error decreased by half with the multi energies of gamma radiation in comparison to the original spectral decomposition. In addition, the number of repeated calculations also decreased by half even in low fluence conditions under $10^4$ ($/0.09cm^2$ of the scintillator surface). Conclusion: Through the development of this algorithm, we have confirmed the possibility of developing a product that can identify artificial radionuclides nearby using inexpensive radiation sensors that are easy to use by the public. Therefore, it can contribute to reduce the anxiety of the public exposure by determining the presence of artificial radionuclides in the vicinity.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.437-444
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• 2006

Reactive hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (reactive HPMCP) was synthesized by using a stepwise urethane reaction with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and 2-hydroxyethyl moth acrylate (HEMA). Molecular weight, acid number, and critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the synthesized reactive HPMCP and pristine HPMCP were measured and used as a polymeric surfactant in the emulsion polymerizations of styrene. In the preparation of HPMCP-hybrid poly styrene nanoparticles, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 wt% of HPMCPs were introduced, and the maximum rate of polymerization ($R_{p,max}$), the average number of radicals per particle (n), particle size distribution were investigated. In addition, core - shell morphology of the nanoparticles were observed by using TEM and their thermal stabilities were measured by using TGA. Reactive HPMCP showed higher $R_{p,max}$, smaller particle size, larger values of n and gel contents as compared with pristine HPMCP, due to the vinyl groups from HEMA, which can be reacted with styrene oligomers, in the reactive HPMCP.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.267-273
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• 2011

Methyl violet, used extensively in the commercial textile industry and as a biological stain, is a hazardous recalcitrant. Aspergillus sp. strain CB-TKL-1 isolated from a water sample from Tsumoriri Lake, Karzok, Ladakh, India, was found to completely decolorize methyl violet within 24 h when cultured under aerobic conditions at $25^{\circ}C$. The rate of decolorization was determined by monitoring the decrease in the absorbance maxima of the dye by UV-visible spectroscopy. The decolorization of methyl violet was optimal at pH 5.5 and $30^{\circ}C$ when agitated at 200 rpm. Addition of glucose or arabinose (2%) as a carbon source and sodium nitrate or soyapeptone (0.2%) as a nitrogen source enhanced the decolorization ability of the culture. Furthermore, the culture exhibited a maximum decolorization rate of methyl violet after 24 h when the C:N ratio was 10. Nine N-demethylated decolorized products of methyl violet were identified based on UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and LC-MS analyses. The decolorization of methyl violet at the end of 24 h generated mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexa-N-demethylated intermediates of pararosaniline. The variation of the relative absorption peaks in the decolorized sample indicated a linear decrease of hexa-N-demethylated compounds to non-N-demethylated pararosaniline, indicating a stepwise N-demethylation in the decolorization process.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.281-291
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• 2015

This study investigated the relationships between factors of aggression and satisfaction with life and the differences of irrational belief, primary secondary anger thought, and satisfaction with life among four groups classified based on the levels of hostility and verbal aggression. 268 middle school boys in Chungnam areas served as subjects. The results showed that hostility showed the most negative correlation with satisfaction with life. Stepwise regression analyses showed that hostility negatively predicted satisfaction with life, whereas verbal aggression positively predicted satisfaction with life. Factors of irrational belief, primary/secondary anger thought were negatively correlated with satisfaction with life. Analyses of variances revealed that covert hostility group showed higher scores on self-depreciation, disregard and disappointment in intimate relationship situation, hopelessness, whereas overt hostility group showed higher scores on derogation of others/revenge. In addition, covert hostility group showed lower scores on satisfaction with life than other groups. Finally, limitations of this study and suggestions for future study were discussed.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.80-94
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• 2012

This study tries to test the research model that proposes the relationship among environmental fit, job satisfaction and job performance by hotel chefs' personality types. The sample for the study is 300 chefs extracted from eight five-star hotels in Seoul metropolitan area. Self-administrated questionnaires are distributed and 287 usable questionnaires are collected and used for the analyses. To test the hypotheses, MANOVA and stepwise regression analysis are used besides such basic analyses as frequency, descriptive, exploratory factor, reliability and cluster analysis. The study results show that environmental fit differs significantly by the hotel chefs' personality types and these personality types affect job satisfaction significantly. In addition, it is found that the hotel chefs' environmental fit influences their job satisfaction, which subsequently affects job performance.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.202-210
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• 2004

Doenjang, traditional Korean soybean paste without soysauce and soondoenjang that was not isolated soysauce from soybean paste were thermally processed by the addition of dry anchovy, garlic, red pepper powder and green onion. The volatile flavor components generated from doenjang soup and soondoenjang soup were studied and compared with the change in the various flavors. It was confirmed that some difference of the flavor components was found in two type of soups. Doenjang soup contained a plenty of aldehydes and ketones that revealed the savory flavor. The major flavor components in the soondoenjang soup were sulfur containing compounds that appeared the highest ratio than any other types of flavors and 10 pyrazines. On the sensory evaluation, a great number of pyrazins may be considered as a characteristic of the savory flavor of soondoenjang soup, however, it was not give the reliable result. Stepwise multiple regression analysis of two type of soups indicated that aldehydes, alcohols, ketones were contributory flavor components for overall smell preference and quality preference.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.33 no.1 s.94
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• pp.21-29
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• 2007

Paeonia lactiflora was stepwise extracted with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. Anti-microbial activity of each extract was investigated. Methanol extract of P. lactiflora revealed anti-microbial activity against S. mutans, C. albicans, and S. aureus. Also, hexane fraction revealed anti-bacterial activity against S. mutans and ethyl acetate fraction acted as potent anti-microbial agent on C. albicans and S. aureus. The relative growth ratio(RGR) of hexane fraction of P. lactiflora against S. mutans were determined as 77.8% in concentration of 0.125 mg/ml, 98.46% in 0.25 mg/ml and 100% in 0.5 mg/ml. The ethyl acetate fraction of P. lactiflora revealed RGR against C. albicans as 52.5% in concentration of 0.125 mg/ml, 60.83% in 0.25 mg/ml and 78.33% in 0.5 mg/ml. It indicate that increasing concentration increase RGR. The measured minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) of hexane fraction on S. mutans KCTC 5316 strain was 0.5 mg/ml and MIC of ethyl acetate fraction on C. albicans KCTC 7270 was 2.0 mg/ml. The experiment of inhibition to growth of KB roll(oral squamous cell carcinoma) result 61.9% in butanol, 76.7% in hexane extract of P. lactiflora. The hexane extract exhibit potent inhibition effect to the growth of KB cell. These results suggest that the hexane extract of Paeonia lactiflora has antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and has preventive effect to dental caries in addition to potent inhibition to KB cell growth.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1240-1252
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate feeding difficulty and its influencing factors of elders with dementia in long-term care facilities. Participants were 158 elders with dementia residing in three nursing facilities. Data were collected from Aug. 18 to Sep. 12 in 2014. The feeding difficulty in dementia scale, Korean version-Activities of Daily Living and Mini-Mental State Exam-Korean version were used as instruments. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression by SPSS 17.0. Mean feeding difficulty score was $0.62{\pm}0.43$(range of 0-2). The highest feeding difficulty item was "patient require close supervision while feeding". The variables influencing the feeding difficulty was ADL(${\beta}=.312$), cognitive function(${\beta}=-.172$) which explained about 20.0% of total variance. The results suggest the need of developing feeding difficulty coping strategy according to dietary behavior phase, In addition, the development and testing the educational program for caregivers to help feeding difficulty of the elders with dementia in long-term facility are recommended.