• Mycobiology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.95-97
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• 2004

In July 2002, a destructive stem rot of tawny daylily(Hemerocallis fulva) was occurred sporadically in exhibition farm of Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services located in Hamyang-gun, Korea. The fungus also caused collar and crown rot, and systemic wilt or blight of whole plant. White mycelium spread over stems and petioles of infected plants and sclerotia were formed on the old lesions and near the soil surface. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth and scierotial formations was $30^{\circ}C$ on PDA. The mycelial width ranged $4.2{\sim}10.4{\mu}m$ and the color was white, usually many narrow mycelial strand grew in the aerial mycelium and formed clamp connection. The shape of sclerotia was spherical and $1.0{\sim}3.2$ mm in diameter. The fungus was isolated repeatedly from the infected tissues and confirmed its pathogenicity to Hemerocallis fulva and identified as Sclerotium rolfsii. This is the first report on the stem rot of H. fulva caused by S. rolfsii in Korea.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.323-325
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• 2010

The stem rot of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) occurred sporadically in the experimental field of Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, on September, 2009. The infected plants were wilted and water-soaked brown spots were formed on the stem, than infected stems were mostly died. White mycelial mats were spread over lesions, and then sclerotia were formed on stem and near soil line. The sclerotia were globoid in shape, 1~3 mm in size and white to brown in color. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth and sclerotia formation on PDA was $30^{\circ}C$ and the hyphal width was $4{\sim}8\;{\mu}m$. The typical clamp connections were observed in the hyphae of the pathogenic fungus. On the basis of mycological characteristics and pathogenicity to host plants, this fungus was identified as Sclerotium rolfsii. This is the first report on the stem rot of sunflower by S. rolfsii in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.203-205
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• 2008

From 2006 to 2008, the stem rot of Petunia hybrida Vilm. caused by Sclerotium rolfsii occurred sporadically at Jinju city in Gyeongsangnam-do. The typical symptom is water-soaking, brown on the stem and rotting, wilting and blighting. The infected plants were mostly died. White mycelial mats were spread over lesions, and then sclerotia were formed on stem and near soil line. The sclerotia were globoid in shape, $1{\sim}3\;mm$ in size and white to brown in color. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth and sclerotia formation was at $30^{\circ}C$ on PDA and the hyphal width ranged from 4 to $8{\mu}m$. The typical clamp connections were observed in the hyphae of the fungus. On the basis of mycological characteristics and pathogenicity to P. hybrida, this fungus was identified as Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo. This is the first report on the stem rot of P. hybrida caused by S. rolfsii in Korea.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.193-204
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• 2009

The importance of corporate identity design has been recently highlighted in the marketing. However, logotype among marks that represent the image of a company has been neglected relatively comparing to symbol mark and logo mark. A logotype should be something to represent the personalities and characteristics of a company in suggestive ways. For such reasons, the image expressions by shape are thought to be important. Consequently, the formative aspects of visual communication design should be examined with emphases. However, it is true that studies on the formative aspects regarding logotypes and logo marks, especially studies on the shapes of font types and the responses of consumers to them, are lacking. Accordingly, this study examined the visual shape of logotype preferred by consumers and the shape of logotype preferred by consumers according to the business type of companies. As a result of research, there were differences in the elements of logotype preferred according to the business type of companies; as for construction companies is preferred the body of the type of dotum font with bold stem, without serif, with oblique, straight-line and curve-line endings; as for banks is preferred the body of the type of dotum font without serif, with oblique ending and with one-side curve style of serif, the stem in a middle level; as for laboratories is preferred the body of the type of dotum font with oblique ending, with bold stem and straight-line serif. The elements that should be commonly applied to construction companies, banks and laboratories appear to be the oblique ending but the curve-line ending and shallow stem seemed to be avoided. On the other hand, the serif, ending and gulim appeared to be applied differently according to the business type.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.12 no.2 s.17
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• pp.63-73
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• 2006

In the original plant of Arisaematis Rhizomas, the features of external and internal shape of Arisaema amurense var. serratum $N_{AKAI}$ and A. amurense $_{MAXIM}$. are as follows. 1. In the external shape of original plant, Arisaema amurense var. serratum $N_{AKAI}$ has high stem, an oval-elliptic leaflet and a serrate leaf margin. But A. amurense $M_{AXIM}$ has a relatively low stem, an upside oval leaflet and no serrate leaf margin. 2. On the herbs character of original plant, Ansaema amurense var. serratum $N_{AKAI}$ is small in height and diameter, but A. amurense $M_{AXIM}$ is relatively large in height and diameter. 3. On the gathered herbs character of original plant, the section of Arisaema amurense var. serratum $N_{AKAI}$ is brightly white, easily spilt and strong scent. But the section of A. amurense $M_{AXIM}$ is thin yellowish brown, not easily spilt and weak scent. Also the grade of gathered herbs, both can be classified by diameter and external scent. 4. In the current herbs character, Korean and Sichuan Province products are irregullar shape and have no scent, Jilin Province products are regular shape. Also, Guangxi Province products are small size and concave in one side, Hebei Province products are irregular size and shape. 5. In internal shape of original plant, epidermal cell of Arisaema amurense var. serratum is very tight. With the except of micro difference in parenchyma cell of cortex, on the whole there are nearly no differences with A. amurense $M_{AXIM}$. Also, samely in the internal shape, according to collecting sites, epidermis exhibits a lot layer in curving state and secreting duct is developed and vascular bundle and exists between parenchyma cell of cortex. In the future, additional study is needed to distinguish herb and effect between same genus-degree of relatedness.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.363-382
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• 2002

Morphological characters of three taxa belonging to three genera (Fuirena, Kobresia, and Scleria) in Korean Cyperaceae were reexamined. The anatomical patterns of stems and leaves, and epidermal patterns of achenes and leaves were investigated by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a light microscope (LM). Based upon the results, the scientific and Korean names, which have not been clearly established, were reviewed. Morphological characters such as length and width of stem, leaf, bract, scale, achene, and shape of achene, spikelet, style base, scale, perianth, and anatomical characters such as shape of stem and leaf, shape of achene epidermal cell and silica body of leaf, size and frequency of stomatal complex, presence of bulliform cell were useful for an identification of the three taxa.

• Mycobiology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.58-60
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• 2001

A destructive stem rot of wild aster(Aster koraiensis) occurred sporadically some farmers' fields in Guman-myon, Kosonggun, Kyongsangnam-do in 2000. One of the most severely infected field in Kosong showed 28.6 percent of infection rate. The fungus also caused stem or crown rot and systemic wilt or blight of the plants. White mycelium spread over stems and petioles of infected plants and sclerotia formed on the old lesions and near the soil surface. The fungus showed maximum mycelial growth around $30^{\circ}C$ and did not grow under $5^{\circ}C$ and over $45^{\circ}C$ and mycelial width were $4.3{\sim}10.2{\mu}m$. Colony was white, usually many narrow mycelial stand in the aerial mycelium and formed clamp connection. Numerous sclerotia were formed on PDA at $30^{\circ}C$. The shape sclerotia were globoid and $0.8{\sim}3.0{\times}0.9{\sim}3.4$ mm in size. The fungus was isolated repeatedly from the infected tissues and confirmed its pathogenecity to wild aster and identified as Sclerotium rolfsii. This is the first report on the stem rot of wild aster caused by S. rolfsii in Korea.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.458-462
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• 1998

Stem rot symptomof lily caused by Phytophthora was observed in Chilkok, Korea in 1997. Oogonia of Phytophthora were abundantly developed on epidermal tissues of stem and leaves of the diseased plants. The casual fungus was identified as Phytophthora cactorum based on their cultural and morphological characteristics. Sporangia were markedly papillate and the shape was broadly spherical to ovoid both on agar and in water. The size was 28~44$\times$20~28 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ (av. 36~24) and a short pedicel was attached to each sporangium. The fungus was homothallic and oogonia were 28~32 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ (av. 30) in size and slightly yellow. Antheridia were paragynous and spherical or irregularly club shaped. Optimal temperature for mycelial growth was 25~27$^{\circ}C$. The fungus did not grow under 6$^{\circ}C$ and over 34$^{\circ}C$. The fungus was highly pathogenic to three cultivars of lily. Symptom was developed at 4-day after artificial inoculation with zoospores (103 cell/ml) on the stem of lily. The symptom was identical to those produced by natural infection in the field and the plant was blighted within 14 days after inoculation.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.198-200
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• 2009

From 2008 to 2009, the stem rot of Astragalus sinicus L. caused by Sclerotium rolfsii occurred sporadically in Gyeongnam area, Korea. The typical symptom is water-soaking, rotting and wilting on the stem. The infected plants were eventually died. White mycelial mats were spread over lesions, and then sclerotia were formed on stems and near soil line. The sclerotia were globoid in shape, white to brown in color, 1-3 mm in size and the hyphal width was 3-9 μm. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth and sclerotial formation on PDA was 30oC. The typical clamp connections were observed in the hyphae of the fungus grown on PDA. On the basis of mycological characteristics and pathogenicity to host plants, this fungus was identified as Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo. This is the first report on the stem rot of A. sinicus caused by S. rolfsii in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.318-318
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• 2022

Basil(Ocimum basilicum L.) is an annual herb that grows wild in hot and humid regions such as tropical Asia and Africa. This study was carried out for resource discovery, propagation, and DB construction of aromatic plants. In order to evaluate the genetic characteristics, 28 kinds of basil seeds were supplied from the Center for Genetic Resources. For basil characteristics, planting date, plant height, growth shape, leaf length, leaf shape, petiole color, petiole, stem color, flower color, after harvest, Ml length including roots, flower length, stem thickness and biological weight were measured. For anthocyanin analysis, only basil with purple color was selected, anthocyanins were extracted with 60% ethanol containing 1% citric acid, a standard quantitative curve was prepared with cyanidin-3-glucoside, and absorbance was measured at 525 nm. Basil planting started around June 16, and the flowering period lasted for a total of 18 days from July 19 to August 5. On August 6, when flowering was completed, morphological characteristics including flower color were measured at the site by an object. The measured basil plant length was 26.6-59.6 cm, leaf length 2.0-7.9 cm, leaf width 0.7-5.2 cm, and petiole 1.3-3.9 cm. The growth pattern of basil was generally straight, medium in shape. The color of the leaves was observed evenly by mixed green, purple, purple and green, and the recesses in the shape of the leaf were also conspicuously observed. A total of three basil flower colors were observed: white, light pink(149P 10P/84), and purple(37V 2.5RP 4/12). During the second growth survey after harvest, the total length including the basil roots is 26.7-52.0 cm, the flower length is 8.2-29.3cm, the stem thickness is 7.1-15.9mm, the number of stem nodes is 3-12 nodes, and the total weight of the basil was measured to be about 218-1540 g. There are a total of 16 types of basil expressed in purple, and the anthocyanin content was measured to be 73.74 ~ 380.72 mg/100g.