• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.249-255
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• 2022

The study was conducted to establish a method for the proliferation of hybrid poplar (P. alba × P. glandulosa) clone Bongwha1, an excellent biomass species. It was found that to collect the cuttings of Bonghwa1, it was necessary to use the main stem rather than the axillary branch. Stem growth by green-wood cuttings showed a tendency to decrease as the length of the collected cuttings increased, but the survival rate was low. Therefore, modified leafy stem cutting was attempted to increase the survival rate of the cuttings. In the modified leafy stem cutting method, 4 leaves were included in the cuttings, and especially, cuttings were performed using cuttings containing 2-4 cm xylem parts. Leafy stem cutting increased root growth and the number of stems, as well as the survival rate of hybrid poplar clone Bongwha1 compared to green-wood cuttings. The root growth of the leafy stem cutting poplar was better as there was more xylem part. Using two-year-old nursery stocks, the leafy stem cutting was used to produce about 66 cuttings. This study is expected to contribute to the mass propagation of high-quality nursery stocks.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.97-108
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• 2011

Cancer stem cells have stem cell-like features, such as the ability for self-renewal and differentiation but show unlimited growth because they have the lost normal regulation of cell growth. Cancer stem cells and normal stem cells have similar features. They show high motility, diversity of progeny, robust proliferative potential, association with blood vessels, immature expression profiles, nestin expression, epidermal growth factor (EGF)-receptor expression, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression, hedgehog pathway activity, telomerase activity, and Wnt pathway activity. On the other hand, with cancer cells, some of these signaling pathways are abnormally modified. In 1875, Cohnheim suggested the concept of cancer stem cells. Recently, evidence for the existence of cancer stem cells was identified. In 1994, the cancer stem cells' specific cell surface marker for leukemia was identified. Since then, other specific cell surface markers for cancer stem cells in solid tumors (e.g. breast and colon cancer) have been identified. In oral cancer, studies on cancer stem cells have been performed mainly with squamous cell carcinomas. Oral cancer specific cell surface markers, which are genes strongly expressed in oral cancer and cancer stem cell specific side populations, have been identified. Cancer stem cells are resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Therefore, to eliminate malignant tumors efficiently and reduce the recurrence rate, therapy targeting cancer stem cells needs to be performed. Currently, studies targeting the cancer stem cells' specific signaling pathways, telomerase and tumor vasculatures are being done.

• Mycobiology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.180-184
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• 2000

In order to find an environment-friendly method to suppress astragal stem rot caused by the isolates of Rhizoctonia solani AG 1 and AG 4, we tested an antagonistic fungus Gliocladium virens G1 was evaluated as a biocontrol agent and estimated inorganic compounds and organic materials were tested for their effect of the disease suppression. G. virens G1 effectively inhibited mycelial growth in a dual culture and caused mycelial lysis in the culture filtrate. No adverse effect was observed when examined for seed germination and seedling growth. Promoted seedling growth was observed with the seed treatment. Seeds of astragal plant were germinated higher in the sterile soil than the natural soil. Of 14 inorganics tested, alum, aluminum sulfate and calcium oxide significantly suppressed the mycelial growth and sclerotial germination. Milled pine bark and oak sawdust also suppressed the mycelial growth. Soil amended with 1% of G. virens G1 composted with pine bark (w/v) significantly controlled astragal stem rot in the glasshouse experiments.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.1103-1108
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• 2004

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of cadmium on the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana when they were treated with different concentrations of cadmium. The growth of stem was stimulated in the concentrations up to fifty times higher than the official standard concentration of cadmium of pollutant exhaust notified by the Ministry of Environment, but it decreased in the concentration one hundred fifty times or more higher in proportion to the degree of concentration. The growth of root was similar to that of stem, except that the decrease was gradual in the concentration fifty times or more higher. The growth of leaf was almost the same as that of stem, that is, it was stimulated the increase of leaf surface area in the concentration fifty times higher, but decreased in the concentration one hundred fifty times or more higher in proportion to the degree of concentration. The fresh weights of the plants were increased in accord with the degree of growth of the stem and leaf. Concentration of cadmium accumulated in the plants was increased in proportion to the concentration of cadmium. These results show that the growth of plants was stimulated in the soil polluted by cadmium up to fifty times higher than the official standard concentration, but it was decreased in proportion to the degree of concentration in the plants grown in the presence of cadmium more than one hundred fifty times.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.935-940
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• 2001

To determine the effect of different growth stages and cultivars on the chemical composition of sorghum plant and its morphological fractions, samples of whole plant, leaf and stem of J.S-263, J.S-88 and Hegari cultivars, harvested at various growth stages were drawn for analysis. All the samples were analysed for their dry matter contents and various cell wall components such as NDF, ADF. hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, cutin and silica. Significant increase in DM contents of whole sorghum plant, leaf and stem was observed with advancing stage of growth. The highest DM content was recorded in leaf fraction of the plant. All the cell wall constituents increased significantly in whole sorghum plant, leaf and stem as the plant matured. The maximum NDF, ADF, cellulose and lignin contents were observed in stem fraction, followed by whole plant. However, the hemicellulose, cutin and silica contents were higher in leaf fraction of the plant. The cultivars were found to have some effect on the chemical composition of whole plant, leaf and stem fractions. The results indicated that plant maturity had a much greater effect on the chemical composition of sorghum plant, whereas it was little affected by cultivars.

• Plant Resources
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.165-168
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• 2002

This study was carried out obtain basic information for growth characteristics by different age of Dendropanax morbifera in chonnam, such as Yosu, Sunchon, Haenam, Gangjin, Wando. The pH of soil in cultivation area was 5.2 to 5.6 and organic matter was very high up to 10.6% . P205 content of soil in cultivation area was 35.3 to 42.1 mg/L, C.E.S was 13.9 to 14.4 me/100g, and moisture rate was 19.2 to 21.1 % . The flowering of Dendropanax morbifera began from 6~7 years old tree. The flowering date was at 10th of July at Wando. The growth characteristics of 12 years old tree was 929.5cm in stem height, 134.1mm in stem diameter, and 15 years old tree was 1,117.9cm in stem height, 160.8mm in stem diameter. The number of leaf was 13.9 at five years old tree, and the petioles length was 12.6 at five years old tree. Xylem sap can be had at more than 10 years old tree with good growth more than 10 em stem diameter.

• Plant Resources
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.148-151
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• 2000

This study was carried out obtain basic information for growth characteristics by different age of Dendropanax morbifera in southern part of Korea, such as at Sunchon, Haenam, Gangjin, Wando. The pH of soil in cultivation area was 5.2 to 5.6 and organic matter was very high up to 10.6%. P$_{2}$O$_{5}$, content of soil in cultivation area was 35.3 to 42.1 mg/1, C.E.S was 13.9 to 14.4 me/100g, and moisture rate was 19.2 to 21.1 %. The flowering of Dendropanax morbifera began from 6~7 years old tree. The flowering date was at 10th of July at Wando. The growth characteristics of 12 years old tree was 929.5cm in stem height, 134.1mm in stem diameter, and 15 years old tree was 1,117.9cm in stem height, 160.8mm in stem diameter. The number of leaf was 13.9 at five years old tree, and the petioles length was 12.6 at five years old tree. Xylem sap can be had at more than 10 years old tree with good growth more than 10 cm stem diameter.r.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.213-218
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• 1993

An experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of plant growth regulators on the growth and fiber yield of ramie. Gibberellin (GA) and Atonic acid were applied at the various levels of application dates, application frequencies and concentration. Stem growth of ramie increased greatly by applying GA on the meristem of shoot apex. Among three treatments of application frequencies of GA, that is, one time application at the stage of stem length with 50cm, twice applications at the stem length of 50cm and 100cm, and three times applications at stem length of 50cm, 100cm and 150cm, stem growth increased more as application frequency increased. GA application is more effective on stem growth at the later stage of growth than the earlier growth stage. GA treatment of 100 to 300 ppm is more effective on stem elongation than 50 ppm, which was due on the elongation of internodes without increase in number of nodes. One time application of GA enhanced leaf growth more or less regardless of concentration, but GA was applied more frequently, leaf growth was inhibited more at higher concentration. Fiber yield was the highest at the treatment of three times application of GA with 100 ppm. This treatment also showed the highest percentage of fiber with 5.3%, which is much higher value compared with that of control treatment with 4.6%. Atonic acid was less effective on stem elongation than GA, but it also seemed to be effective on the enhancement of fiber development.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.21-24
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• 2017

In this study, the effect of different substrates of agricultural by-products on the mycelial growth rate and density of Trametes versicolor (Turkeytail mushroom) was analyzed. We found that pepper stem and rice bran with a mixing ratio of 9:1(v/v) produced the best mycelial growth of 101 mm in 10 days, while a mixing ratio of 8:2 resulted in mycelial growth of 83 mm in 10 days. The control group treated with a 9:1 mixing ratio of oak sawdust and rice bran (v/v) produced mycelial growth of 74 mm in 10 days. The following results are in the order of beanstalk, sesame stem, and perilla stem. After the harvest of the mushrooms, the mycelial growth rate and the density of T. versicolor in each substrate were as follows the group with waste substrate of Pleurotus eryngii and rice bran with a mixing ratio of 9:1(v/v) produced the best result of 76 mm in days, while a mixing ratio of 8:2 produced of 61 mm in 10 days. The control group with a 9:1 ratio of oak sawdust and rice bran produced mycelia of 74 mm in 10 days, while a mixing ratio of 8:2 resulted in mycelia of 59 mm in10 days.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.461-467
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• 2006

The growth pattern and the seasonal changes in nutrient contents of Humulus japonicus were investigated. Stem length of H. japonicus reached the maximum from 240 to 260 Julian date and the median value was found at 255 Julian date. The maximum leaf area was observed from 235 to 248 Julian date and the median value was at 240 Julian date. The maximum growth rate of the stem length ranged from 205 to 227 Julian date. The leaf area showed the maximum growth rate from 196 to 214 Julian date. The median date in the growth rate of the stem length and leaf area was 212 and 205 Julian date, respectively. The growth rate of H. japonicus was related to rainy season and precipitation. Phosphorus and sodium contents of H. japonicus were correlated with maximum potential rate of relative growth. Although stem biomass of H. japonicus was $ 1.5{\sim}3.5$ times larger than that of leaf, N content of the leaf ($4.48{\sim}5.27%$) was about 2 times higher than that of the stem ($2.00{\sim}3.62%$). High content of N might be responsible for the high growth rate of H. japonicus in summer. This result provides valuable information for appropriate timing for the removal of H. japonicus.