• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.218-225
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• 2014

Studies were carried out to standardize and develop a suitable macro-propagation technology for large scale production of superior clonal stock through stem cuttings in Commiphora wightii Arnott (Bhandari), a data deficient medicinal plant of arid region. For the purpose, three experiments were conducted. The first experiment was tried to elucidate the impact of various cutting diameters (0.50-0.75 cm, 0.75-1.00 cm, 1.00-1.50 cm, and >1.50 cm) in combination with varying growing conditions (sunlight, shade house and mist chamber) on shoot sprouting and rooting without using exogenous plant growth regulators. Cutting diameter (size 0.75-1.00 cm) in mist chamber has shown maximum sprouting (90.00%) and rooting (73.33%), primary root (6.67) and secondary root (16.67) followed by 1.00-1.51 cm in mist chamber. Minimum sprouting (40.00%), rooting (33.33%), number of shoot (1.33), primary root (1.00) and number of secondary root (1.00) was recorded in cutting diameter (size >1.50 cm) in sunlight. Second experiment was performed to find out optimum growth regulator concentration of rooting hormone (100, 200, 500 and 1000 ppm) of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and Indole-3-butyric Acid (IBA) on adventitious root formation on cuttings diameter (size 0.25-0.50 cm) in comparison to control. Maximum rooting percentage (93.33%) was recorded in 200 ppm followed by 500 ppm (86.66%) of IBA as compared to control, which showed only 60 per cent sprouting. Third experiment was performed with newly formed juvenile micro-cuttings treated with varying concentrations of IAA and IBA. The juvenile cuttings (size 6-10 cm, basal dia <0.25 cm) were selected as micro-cuttings. The cuttings treated with IBA (500 ppm) showed 64.30% rooting as compared to other treatments. Results of above experiments indicate that cuttings (size 0.75-1.00 cm dia) may be developed in mist chamber for better performance. While using heavier cuttings, no growth promoting hormones is required however; growth regulator 200 ppm concentration of IBA rooting hormone was observed optimum for promoting macro-propagation in stem cuttings of lower diameter class (0.25-0.50 cm).

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.51-55
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of planting position on the growth characteristics, yield and ginsenoside content in Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer at different growth stages. Referring to shoot growth characteristics, stem length, stem diameter and leave area were higher at front than rear, increasing as the proceeding of growth stages. But a lower chlorophyll contents was caused at front compared to rear and decreased as the proceeding of growth stages contrarily. According to root characteristics, root length and main body length were higher at front, with a positive correlation to growth stages, which was also shown on fresh root weight and dry root weight with the maximum in August. Meanwhile, the effect of planting position on ginsenoside content could also be definite by the highest content at front showing high light intensity, increasing as the proceeding of growth stages as well.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.163-169
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• 1981

In order to clarify the biological effects of chemical mutagen, ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS), in M, seedling(Ponax ginseng C. A. Meyer) . the dehiscent seeds of ginseng were treated with EMS for 12 hours at 20t and Post-washed for 24 to 72 hours. The differences of biological injuries in M, generation due to the concentration of EMS were quite obvious in rate and date of germination, stem length, stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width, root length, root diameter, and root weight . Especially, the seeds treated with the high concentration of EMS , above 0.8%, were not germinated The growth injury was directly proportional to the concentration of EMS but not relative to the post-washing time of afire 25 hours. The useful range of EMS concentration and post-washing time in ginseng seeds were 0.4 % - 0.6% and above 24 hours, respectively.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.155-159
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• 2007

The water extracts of root, stem, and leaf from Korean indigenous Acanthopanax divaritacus were examined for their suppressive effects against allergic inflammations such as lipoxygenase activity, ${\beta}-hexosaminidase$ release, inflammatory cytokine production, and serum IgE level. The root extract inhibited the release of ${\beta}-hexosaminidase$, a degranulation marker, from rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBL-2H3) much more potently than the stem and leaf extracts. The root extract also significantly reduced the expression of $TNF-{\alpha}\;and\;IL-1{\beta}$ in the RBL-2H3 cells challenged with antigen. Moreover, there was a significant fall in the serum IgE level by the treatment of the root extract. Taken together, the root extract could be the most potent inhibitor of allergic inflammation, suppressing ${\beta}-hexosaminidase$ release and inflammatory cytokine expression, as well as reducing the rise of serum IgE level.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.353-365
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• 2002

본 시험은 국내 재래종 정선시호와 일본에서 도입된 삼도시호를 공시하여 시호근의 비대촉진을 위하여 예취 및 적화처리가 시호의 생육과 saikosaponin 함량에 기여하는 요인들을 구명하여 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 예취 및 적화처리에 따른 시호 계통간 및 재배년수에 따른 생육에 있어서 정선시호는 삼도시호보다 분지수는 적었지만 생근중, 건근중 및 지근수는 많았다. 1년생 정선시호는 삼도시호보다 주근장이 길었고 2년생에서는 초장과 경수가 많았다. Saikosaponin함량은 1년생 및 2년생 모두 정선시호가 삼도시호보다 saikosaponin-a, saikosaponin-d 및 total-saikosaponin 함량이 높게 나타났다. 2. 수확시기가 늦을수록 1년생 시호 지상부 생육의 초장, 경태, 지상부중과 지하부중의 주근장, 생근중 및 건근중 등 생육은 촉진되었고, 2년생 시호에 있어서 예취 및 적화처리 횟수에 따른 생육은 2회를 한 것이 1회보다 초장이 짧았지만 주근장은 길었다. 3. 1년생 및 2년생 시호의 예취에 따른 생육은 초장, 분지수는 감소하고 1년생 시호의 적화처리구에서 지상부중은 높았고 1년생 시호의 30cm 예취 처리구와 적화처리구에는 근경과 생근중은 증가하였으나 지근수는 감소되고 건근중은 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 2년생 시호의 예취 처리구와 적화처리구의 근경 및 50 cm 예취 처리구와 적화처리구의 생근중과 건근중은 무처리구보다 증가하였다. Saikosaponin 함량은 1년생 시호의 saikosaponin-c 함량만 차이가 인정되었고, 2년생 시호의 saikosaponin-a, saikosaponin-d, total-saikosaponin 함량은 무처리구보다 증가하였다. 4. 예취 및 적화처리에서 수확시기에 따른 생육은 11월 20일에 한 것이 9월 20일에 한 것보다 초장, 경태 및 지상부중과 지하부의 주근장, 생근중 및 건근중 등의 생육이 촉진되었으나 saikosaponin-a, saikosaponin-d 및 total-saikosaponin 함량은 감소되는 경향이었다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2018

Objectives : Saururus chinensis and Houttuynia cordata (Saururaceae) are perennial herbs using for medicinal purposes in Korea. The objectives of this study are to compare anatomical key characters between two medicinal plants and to provide fundamental information for the identification of two herbal medicines by using anatomical features. Methods : Cross-sections of root, rhizome, stem, petiole, and leaf for each species were observed in this study. Materials were analyzed through dehydration, paraffin embedding and micro-sectioning, and double staining with Safranin O and Fast-Green FCF. Observations of permanent preparation were conducted using light microscope. Results : S. chinensis and H. cordata were distinguished with anatomical differentiations; Idioblasts with essential oil were scattered in the parenchyma cell of cortex, pith, and phloem of S. chinensis, on the other hand, in H. cordata, idioblasts were distributed ring-shaped in the cortex of the root. S. chinensis had two cycles of vascular bundles in the stem while H. cordata had one cycle. Hypodermis layer was conspicuous in a stem of H. cordata, crystals were observed the only parenchyma in a stem of S. chinensis, and epidermal oil cells were developed in the epidermis of H. cordata. S. chinensis had air cavity at the cortex and pith of the stem. The shape of cross-section was polygonal in the stem of S. chinensis and was circular in the stem of H. cordata. Conclusions : We investigated anatomical study of Korean S. chinensis and H. cordata. To identify two herbal medicines, we considered main anatomical features and provided identification key here.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.217-221
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• 2003

Ames test (S. typhimurium TA98, TA100)에서 6종의 직접변이원에 대한 가시오갈피(뿌리, 줄기, 잎)의 메탄을 추출물 및 용매 분획물의 항돌연변이 효과를 고찰하였다. Salmonella typhimuriun TA98, TA100에서, 6종의 직접변이원으로 유도된 각각의 변이원성에 대한 가시오갈피 뿌리, 줄기 및 잎의 메탄을 추출물의 돌연변이 억제효과를 검색한 결과 1-nitropyrene의 변이원성에 대하여 선택적으로 강한 억제효과를 나타내었다. 따라서 1-nitropyrene 변이원의 돌연변이원성에 대한 용매분획물의 활성을 비교한 결과 클로로포름 분획물이 가장 강한 억제효과를 나타내었다. S. typhimurium TA98, TA100에서, 뿌리의 클로로포름 분획물은 세포내 항돌연변이 효과를 강하게 나타낸 반면 줄기와 잎은 세포내 돌연변이 억제효과를 나타내지 않았다. 이 결과로부터 가시오갈피 뿌리에는 주로 세포내 항돌연변이 효과를, 줄기와 잎에는 세포외 항돌연변이 효과를 강하게 나타내는 활성 성분이 함유되어 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.222-227
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• 1980

고려인삼근(자경종)(高麗人蔘根(紫莖種))의 중심부(형성층내부)(中心部(形成層內部))와 외피십피층(外皮十皮層)에 있는 ginsenoside를 고속액 체크로마토그라피로 분석(分析)하고 경(莖)의 자색정도(紫色程度)와의 관계(關係)를 검토(檢討)하였다. Ginsenoside의 단순상관(單純相關)에 의(依)한 saponin 양상(樣相)의 유사도(類似度)를 경색도군간(莖色度群間) 같은 뿌리 또는 다른 뿌리간(間)에 두부위(部位)에서 비교(比較)한 결과(結果) 경색도(莖色度)는 saponin 양상(樣相)과 관련(關聯)되지 않는 것으로 보였다. Saponin 양상(樣相)은 부위(部位)의 출처(出處)에 관계(關係)없이 서도 다른 부위간(部位間)에 약간 달랐다. 각(各) ginsenoside 함량순위(含量順位)는 표피십피층(表皮十皮層)에서 $Rg_1>Re>Rb_1>Rb_2>Rc>Rg_2{\geq}Rd>Rf$이고 중심부(中心部)에서는 $Rg_1>Re{\geq}Rg_2{\geq}Rb_1{\gg}Rb_2>Rc{\geq}Rd>Rf$였다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.16-30
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• 1980

In order to increase the production of ginseng, a cultural experiment was carried out under different types of natural forest condition. Seedlings were transplanted with three spacing (70,90 and plants per 1.62m2) under the broad leaved, needle and mixed forest. The obtained results are as follows. 1 Growth of aerial part of ginseng plant. 1) Vegetative growth under forest condition of very poor as compared with ordinary cultivation, but there was no significant in number of leaf and teasel. 2) Stem diameter and stem length under the different forest types were a little difference. However petiole length and number of leafet showed an increasing trend in broad leaved forest as compared with other forest types. 3) The withering date of aerial part of ginseng plant in the needle forest was later than of others. 2. Fresh weight of ginseng root per plant was decreasing in the order of broad leaved forest, needle and mixed forest, needle and sized forest respectively. However the root weight was much smaller than that of ordinary cultivated one. 3. No big difference was observed in the growth of both aerial and root among the planting density 4. Nitrogen content in ginseng root under forest was lower, but calcium content In root was higher than that of ordinary one. 5. Fat and fiber content of ginseng root under forest showed higher than that of ordinary one. 6. The saponin content of ginseng root grown under forest condition was higher than that of ordinary ginseng root. According to high performance liquid chromatogram of saponin, only difference from ordinary cultivated ginseng root was that ginsenoside Re showed higher peak than ginsenoside Rg1.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.316-324
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• 2004

Sinorhizobium sp. strain MUS10 forms nitrogen-fixing stem nodules on Sesbania rostrata, a tropical green manure crop. In this study, the ultrastructural events associated with the formation of stem nodules were investigated. Sinorhizobium sp. strain MUS10 entered the host tissue through cracks created by the emerging adventitious root primordia and multiplied within the intercellular spaces. During early phases of infection, host cells adjacent to invading bacteria revealed cellular damage that is typical of hypersensitive reactions, while the cells at the inner cortex exhibited meristematic activity. Infection threads were numerous in S-day-old nodules and often were associated with the host cell wall. In several cases, more than one infection thread was found in individual cells. The junction at which the host cell walls converged was often enlarged due to fusion of intracellular branches of infection threads resulting in large infection pockets. The infection threads were made up of a homogeneous, amorphous matrix that enclosed the bacteria. Several finger-like projections were seen radiating from these enlarged infection threads and were delineated from the host cytoplasm by the plasma membrane. As in Azorhizobium caulinodans induced root nodules, the release of Sinorhizobia from the infection threads into the plant cells appears to be mediated by 'infection droplets'. A 15-day­old Sesbania stem nodule revealed typical ultrastructure features of a determinate nodule, containing several bacterioids within symbiosomes.