• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.965-971
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• 2008

마늘의 매운 맛과 향을 감소시켜 섭취가 용이하도록 가열 숙성하여 제조된 흑마늘의 항산화 활성을 생마늘 및 찐마늘과 비교 평가함으로써 마늘의 전처리 방법에 따른 항산화 효능을 확인하고자 각각의 열수 및 에탄올 추출물에 대한 항산화 활성을 측정하였다. 생마늘, 찐마늘 및 흑마늘의 열수와 에탄올 추출물 총 페놀의 함량은 $0.81{\sim}0.99\;mg$/100 g의 범위였으나 시료간 및 추출 용매간에 유의적인 함량 차이는 없었다. 플라보노이드 함량은 에탄올 추출물에서 $0.96{\pm}0.05{\sim}1.06{\pm}0.09\;mg$/100 g으로 더 높게 정량되었다. 전자공여능은 생마늘과 찐마늘 추출물의 경우 열수 추출물에 비하여 에탄올 추출물에서 활성이 더 높았고, 활성이 가장 높았던 흑마늘의 경우 열수 추출물 10 mg/mL 농도에서 $69.40{\pm}0.13%$의 활성을 나타내었으나 에탄올 추출물은 15 mg/mL 농도에서도 $50.55{\pm}1.40%$의 활성을 나타내었다. 흑마늘 추출물에서만 유의적으로 높은 환원력을 나타내었고 에탄올 추출물에서는 흑마늘>생마늘>찐마늘 순으로 환원력이 높았다. Hydroxyl radical 소거활성은 물추출물에 비하여 에탄올 추출물에서 월등히 높아 5 mg/mL 이상의 농도에서는 60% 이상의 높은 활성을 나타내었다. Oil emulsion 상에서 TBA 생성량은 열수추출물의 경우 흑마늘 추출물이 유의적으로 낮았으며, 에탄올 추출물은 시료간의 유의적인 차이가 미미하였다. 찐마늘과 흑마늘 에탄올 추출물에서 TBA 생성량은 각각 $1.49{\pm}0.08{\sim}2.11{\pm}0.16\;MA\;mg/kg$과 $1.33{\pm}0.18{\sim}1.62{\pm}0.19\;MA\;mg/kg$으로 시료의 첨가농도에 따른 유의적인 차이가 없었다. Linoleic acid에 대한 항산화능은 저장 1일의 $72.71{\pm}2.17{\sim}88.74{\pm}3.70%$에 비하여 저장 4일에는 $86.67{\pm}3.76{\sim}92.50{\pm}0.87%$로 항산화 활성이 오히려 더 증가하였다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.865-870
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• 2012

마늘의 섭취를 용이하게 하며, 전통식품과의 접목 방안을 모색하고자 증숙마늘 분말을 5~30% 첨가하여 전통적인 감미제인 조청을 제조하고 그 품질특성을 평가하였다. 탁도 및 착색도는 증숙마늘 분말 첨가량이 많아질수록 증가하는 경향이었는데 증숙마늘 분말 30% 첨가시 착색도는 대조군에 비해 3배 더 높았다. 조청의 점도도 동일한 경향으로 증숙마늘 분말을 30% 첨가하였을 때 점도는 $(272{\pm}2){\times}10^3$ cps로 대조군에 비해 2배 이상 증가하였다. 증숙마늘 분말을 첨가한 조청의 pH는 $4.31{\pm}0.11{\sim}4.58{\pm}0.02$의 범위로 대조군($5.35{\pm}0.12$)에 비해 유의적으로 낮았고, 환원당은 증숙마늘 분말의 첨가량이 많아짐에 따라 유의적으로 증가하여 30% 첨가시에는 $44.66{\pm}0.26$ mg/100 g이었다. HMF 함량은 대조군과 증숙마늘 분말 5% 첨가군과는 유의적인 차이가 없었으나 그 이상 첨가 시 유의적으로 증가하여 $3.55{\pm}0.10{\sim}4.87{\pm}0.08$ mg/kg의 범위였다. 유리당은 maltose, glucose, raffinose 및 fructose 순으로 높게 정량되었고, 증숙마늘 분말 첨가 조청은 대조군에 비해 maltose 및 raffinose의 함량은 낮고 fructose의 함량은 높았다. 관능평가 결과, 증숙마늘 분말 20% 미만 첨가시는 색, 감미, 전반적인 선호도에서 대조군과 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 마늘조청 제조시 증숙마늘 분말은 20% 미만으로 첨가함으로써 관능적 특성 및 이화학적 품질특성이 우수한 조청을 제조 할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권8호
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• pp.1048-1054
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• 2007

생마늘 및 증숙마늘 동결건조분말을 밀가루에 대해 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 및 6%(w/w)로 첨가하여 제조한 마늘 쿠키의 품질특성을 분석하였다. 퍼짐성은 생마늘 분말 6% 첨가시 $8.48{\pm}0.31$, 증숙마늘 분말 0.5% 첨가시 $8.62{\pm}0.21$로 가장 높았다. 쿠키 표면색 중 L값은 대조군에 비해 마늘 분말의 첨가로 유의성 있게 감소되었으나, 마늘 분말의 종류에 따른 유의차는 없었다. a값은 마늘 분말 첨가량이 많아질수록 증가하는 경향이었으나 마늘 분말을 1, 2 및 4% 첨가했을 때 실험군간의 유의성은 없었다. b값은 증숙마늘 분말 첨가군에서 마늘 분말 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 감소하였다. 경도는 마늘 분말을 첨가함으로 높아졌는데 증숙마늘 분말 2% 첨가시 가장 높았다. 관능적 특성으로 표면의 색깔은 생마늘 분말에서 2% 이상 첨가시 다소 갈색을 띄는 것으로 평가되었다. 균열정도는 증숙마늘 첨가군에서 첨가량이 많아질수록 유의적으로 증가하는 경향이었다. 쿠키의 마늘맛과 향은 마늘 분말을 6% 첨가시 증숙마늘 분말 첨가군에서 다소 낮았다. 전반적인 기호도는 $0.5{\sim}4%$의 마늘 분말을 첨가시 대조군에 비해 높았으며, 마늘 분말을 1% 첨가한 쿠키에서 가장 높았고, 다음으로 2%, 0.5% 첨가군 순이었다. 관능평가 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 마늘 분말 첨가 쿠키 제조시 적정 마늘 분말 첨가량은 1%이며, 생마늘 분말에 비해 증숙마늘 분말 첨가시 쿠키의 기호도가 더 높았다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.226-226
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• 2016

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.366-375
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• 2009

This study examined the changes of side dishes in "Eumsikdimibang", "Gyuhapchongseo", "Chosunmusangsinsikyorijebub" over time. As food ingredients, seaweed, red pepper, salted fish, Korean hot pepper paste have been used in "Gyuhapchongseo". The use of cattle by parts, saltwater fish, Chinese cabbage, powdered red pepper, garlic have increased in"Chosunmusangsinsikyorijebub". Cooking techniques, such as the use of wheat flour, a double boiler by the use of steam, and boiling and then roasting cuisine were mostly used in"Eumsikdimibang", but reduced in"Gyuhapchongseo". In "Gyuhapchongseo", the cooking methods are primarily aimed at a positive visual effect, and slices of dried meat seasoned with spices have increased. In"Chosunmusangsinsikyorijebub", various Tang (Guk), the taste of food changed by controlling the gravy content (Gigimi, Chigye, Chorim), meat mixing oil, vegetable and mushroom together to cook and boiling down the main food ingredients to soak the seasoning were increased. Dog-meat steamed dish using the intestine of dog in "Eumsikdimibang" was changed to small intestine of cattle steamed dish in "Gyuhapchongseo". And seasoned dog meat with choncho in "Eumsikdimibang" influenced on beef tail soup with Korean hot pepper paste in "Gyuhapchongseo", and Yookgyejang soup using Korean hot pepper paste in"Chosunmusangsinsikyorijebub". In steamed young chicken, the stuffing such as soybean paste, choncho, welsh onion, leek and flour in "Eumsikdimibang" was changed to minced beef, welsh onion, dropwort and Shiitake mushroom in"Gyuhapchongseo". The steamed young chicken in "Chosunmusangsinsikyorijebub" with stuffing was added to chicken soup using glutinous rice, and ginseng powder. Now, the chicken soup was changed to Samgyetang with glutinous rice, and ginseng. In "Chosunmusangsinsikyorijebub", various vegetable dishes were cooked with beef.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권12호
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• pp.1680-1687
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• 2011

마늘을 무처리(control), 자숙(boiling), 굽기(baking), 증자(steaming)의 처리방법과 열풍건조 및 동결건조의 방법으로 분말마늘을 제조하여 품질특성과 생리활성을 비교조사 하였다. 열처리 후 열풍건조한 분말마늘은 동결건조분말마늘보다 수분함량이 높았고, 수분활성도 역시 같은 경향을 보였다. 색차계로 분말마늘의 색도를 조사한 결과, 열풍건조구가 동결건조구에 비하여 모든 처리구에서 밝기를 나타내는 L 값은 낮았고, 적색도를 나타내는 a 값과 황색도를 나타내는 b 값은 높았으며 특히 굽기 처리를 한 경우 갈변현상이 강하게 나타났다. 분말마늘의 항산화능을 평가한 결과, 전자공여능과 총 폴리페놀 함량은 가열처리를 하지 않고 건조시킨 경우 유의적으로 높았고, 자숙, 굽기, 증자 등의 열처리를 한 경우는 열풍건조방법이 동결건조보다 항산화 활성이 높게 나타났으나, 아질산염소거능은 전처리방법에 따른 영향을 받지 않았다. 혈전용해능은 가열처리과정 없이 열풍건조 방법으로 제조된 분말마늘이 가장 우수하였고, 가열처리를 한 경우는 열풍건조로 제조된 분말마늘의 혈전용해능이 동결건조분말마늘보다 2배 정도 더 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 전처리방법 중에서는 굽는 방법은 자숙처리법에 비해 비교적 높은 항산화능과 혈전용해능을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 식중독균에 대한 항균활성 검사 결과, 모든 열처리구에서 항균활성을 나타내지 않았으나, 무처리구의 경우 동결건조가 열풍건조보다 높은 항균성을 나타냈으며, 균주별로는 Bacillus cereus, Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus에 대해 유의적으로 높은 항균활성을 나타내었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.121-126
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Natto supplementation on lipid metabolism in rats. Male rats were fed on casein(CON group), steamed soybean(SS group), conventional Natto(N-1 group), garlic(2%) added Natto(N-2 group), red pepper oleoresin(0.2%) added Natto(N-3 group) and galic(2%) and red pepper oleoresin(0.2%) added Natto(N-4 group) as a protein source for 4 weeks. Serum and liver cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the experimental groups than in the control group. Especially, dietary N-2, N-3 and N-4, compared with CON, reduced markedly the concentration of serum cholesterol. The concentration of serum HDL-cholesterol was higher markedly in the N-4 group than in the control group. The concentration of serum triglyceride was significantly lower in the N-1, N-2, N-3 and N-4 groups than in the control group. Garlic and red pepper added Natto fed groups(N-2, N-3, N-4) showed more excreion of fecal bile acid when compared with those values of casein fed group. The results indicate that spice added Natto supplementation may have more beneficial roles in lipid metabolism through reduced cholesterol levels and increased fecal bile acid excretion.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.527-541
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate food preferences and dietary habits of university students in Kyungbuk province. We assessed anthropometric measurements, food preferences, and dietary habits of seventy nine male and sixty nine female students at K university. The results of this study were analyzed with $\chi$$^2$, t, and ANOVA test using SPSS package program. The percentages of students who were underweight, normal and overweight by body mass index (BMI) were 18.0, 22.1, and 27.7 for males, and 17.8, 21.7, and 28.7 for females, respectively. Preferences for noodles with bean sauce, bread (castella, red-bean bread), beef, pork, chicken, ham, garlic, milk soy bean milt carbonated drink ionic beverages, bun (fried, steamed), croquette, soju(alcohol) and tobacco were higher in males than females, but preferences for tangle, strawberry and orange were lower in males than females. Males did not skip meals compared to females, and ate more meat fat than females. Males exercised more frequently and longer than females. Eighty six point eight percent of females and 69.7% of males were dissatisfied with their weights, and females attempted the weight control more than males. Preferences for bibimbab(boiled rice with assorted mixtures), ionic beverages, and beer were shown higher in overweight males than in normal ones and preference for red fish, hamburger, and chocolate were higher in underweight females than overweight ones. Overweight females skipped meals more and ate more meat fats than normal weight ones. Normal weight males and underweight females were satisfied with their weight. The results of this study suggest that university students need more nutritional education, and modification of dietary habits based on food preference to prevent and treat obesity and to maintain their health.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.455-467
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• 2011

The main purpose of this study was to survey the various kinds of recipes for pheasant found in seventeen Korean cookbooks published from the 1800's to the 1990's. There were 95 pheasant recipes found in the literature which could be classified into three major groups: cooking with moist heat, cooking with dry heat, and other. The three major groups were then broken down into thirteen smaller groups. A detailed look at the frequency of terms in each recipe shows that Gui Sanjeok (grilled Korean shish kebabs) appears 24 times, Guk Tang and Jeongol (soup and stew) 23 times, Kimchi (fermented cabbage) 11 times, Po (jerky) 9 times, Jorim (boiled in soy sauce) 7 times, Jjim (steamed) 6 times, Bokeum (stir-fried) 5 times, Twigim (deep-fried) 3 times, Buchim (fried) 2 times, Jigae jijim (stewed) 2 times, and Jang (paste), Myeon (noodles), Gooum (boiled) and Yeot (Korean hard taffy) 1 time each. The main ingredient is always the pheasant. We investigated the use of the whole pheasant cooked, how to slice and tenderize pheasant meat, use the meat only, or use only certain parts. Depending on the characteristics of cooking recipes, pheasants with thin, soft bones and organs were investigated for cooking. Substituted materials were used for a few of the vegetables, meat, and seafood in the recipes, and seem to go well together. Garnishes used included pine nut powder and fried eggs. Seasoned salt, soy sauce, pepper, sesame, sesame oil, chopped onion, garlic, and ginger were also reported to have been used.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.272-287
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• 1999

Elementary schools students'degree of satisfaction on school food service and food preference were surveyed from 352 sixth-grade students in Kwangju and Chonnam area from June 22 to July 3 to enhance the quality of foodservice. The degree of satisfaction was high with cooked rice and soup in terms of temperature and serving state. There were significant differences in the degree of satisfaction depending upon the types of foodservice (p<0.001). There was significant differences in degree of satisfaction for side dishes depending upon the temperature (p<0.05), kinds (p<0.01) and amount (p<0.001). The degree of satisfaction with Kimchi was generally high in the serving state (p<0.05) and the amounts (p<0.01). The degree of satisfaction with desserts were high in the amount (p<0.001). The amount of leftover was high with soup, side dishes, kimchi, cooked rice, and desserts in order. The improvements made on children's behavior after the implementation of the school foodsevice were the adaptation to balanced diet and spending less money on sweets. The factors of influencing the school foodservice and the children's food intake were the education in school (teachers and dietitians) and the health status of their bodies (p<0.001). Children's favorite foods were sweet and sour pork, pork cutlets, oranges, watermelons, and strawberries in order. The least preferred foods were garlic seasoned with soy sauce, raw vegetables of broad bell-flowers, crown daisy greens, and steamed peppers. Children's favorite food types were fried food, desserts, one course meal, and bread. The least preferred types were pickled food, green and seasoned vegetables, cooked rice, and hard-boiled food in order. Generally, the children in the rural area favored most foods compared with those from urban area.