• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.30
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• pp.169-199
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• 2013

In various directions of cartoon, vertical stroll direction is opposite to the page direction of existing published cartoon with the popularity of webtoon and established new genre. Lots of studies on published cartoon focus on the cut direction by page, but webtoon doesn't have any concept of page. The pivot of cartoon oriented people is changed from paper to computer monitor as times go by, characteristics of media are changed and media is gradually diversified. Like the strengthening of mobile caused by smart phone's popularity, tablet PC's propagation in public education, etc. cartoon is included to the environment of media which is rapidly changed. In this situation, one of cartoon's unchanged important identities can be the direction made by harmony between picture and text. This thesis analyzed symbolic characteristics and effective value of hyogwatae, mimetic words of cartoon, focusing on works of Heo, Young Man. Hyogwatae just delivers not only sound but also shape, feeling, status, etc. and has significant characteristics by invoking the imaginary structure of literature. Strengths of modern Korean, various linguistic expressions and syllabic systems, let people feel minute feeling of language and difference of emotion and remember the memory through the direct and indirect experiences, so it makes it nuance. Because of the characteristics, representative works of Heo, Young Man have commercialization and writer characteristics, have communicated with people for a long time and have plentiful knowledge of Korean cartoon. The characteristics of hyogwatae in Heo, Young Man's cartoon make a lot of effects for the expression and delivery of cartoon more than the general expectation. When conducting the study focusing on the symbolic process of language, uncertainty and vague standard of judgement caused by the wide factors of study on the direction of general cartoon could be endured. And, through the Heo, Young Man's deep analysis on hyogwatae's direction, readers enjoy the process while inferring actually and intellectually between pictures and sentences. In the process, the equipment stimulating imagination more than pictures, effects and dialogues is hyogwatae. It's reader's equipment of active participation and its strength is symbolic structure.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.62
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• pp.227-255
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• 2020

This paper aims to explore the nature of the making of speaking subject in early Korean Protestantism, focusing on the educational spaces for women. Traditional women could become a speaking subject through various educational programs provided by Protestantism in modern Korea. Especially three kinds of educational space played the crucial role of making women a speaking subject. The first was Bible class established for women in rural areas. Since most Korean women were unable to read and write, Protestant churches taught them Hangul[Korean alphabet] before teaching the Bible. Korean women studied the Bible in Bible class, Women's Bible School, and Women's High Bible School. Through this education, traditional women were liberated from the world of ignorance and obedience, and then become a speaking subject. The second was speeches and discussions that have emerged in institutional spaces such as mission schools for girls and women's organizations. Students at mission school were able to learn how to express their opinions by way of public speaking and discussion classes. Women were able to become speaking subjects in the process of learning such techniques of modern language. At that time, representative discussion spaces were Lee Mun-hoe, Joyce Chapter, and YWCA. The third was testimony and dialect. Unlike sermons and public prayers, which were only allowed to male elites, testimony and dialectics are a form of speech that transcends gender or status constraints. Especially in the space of the revival movement, women confirmed their dignity through active testimony, and their religious identity was strengthened in the process. Dialect also served as the language of liberation for women suffered and alienated from male-dominant culture. Dialect is a device that exercises the right to speak against transcendental authority. Furthermore, in Protestantism of early modern Korea, the speaking subject's act of speech was elevated beyond personal matters to social issues, women's issues, and ethnic issues.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.42
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• pp.451-474
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• 2016

Analysis of the syntactic structure of the modern Chinese adverbs for time 'Cengjing (曾經)' and 'Yijing (已經)' was performed to examine the tenses and aspects of the terms. The corresponding Korean words were examined and the terms in both languages were compared. The syntactic structures used in China and South Korea were found to be different. We hope the study of the Chinese language will help Korean students. 'Cengjing (曾經)' specific projects with 'aspect' of, 'Past experience aspect', 'Past continuous aspect', 'Past continuous aspect' in the past tense. [ED: unclear, please reword] These correspond to '_었 (았)_', '_었었_' in the Korean language. 'Yijing (已經)' has 'finished phase' of concrete projects, 'Past experience aspect', 'Past continuous aspect', also has a specific project tense, the 'past tense', 'present tense', 'future tense', and so tense. [ED: unclear, please reword] Adjectives can also be modified with a 'change of status'. These correspond to '_었 (았)_', '_고_', '_었었_', '곧' etc. in Korean. 'Cengjing (曾經)' and the dynamic auxiliary 'Guo (過)' were compared to determine whether they have the aspect and tense features. However, 'Guo (過)' can only modify the predicate verb, so it possesses only aspect characteristics. 'Cengjing (曾經)' modifies the range more widely. 'Yijing (已經)' may be modified by the adverb 'Zai (在)' whereas 'Cengjing (曾經)' may not. Additionally, 'Yijing (已經)' can be modified by predicate adjectives and noun predicates, while 'Cengjing (曾經)' cannot.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.299-315
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• 1993

Koreans are one of the fastest growing immigrant groups in America. Stress responses and stressors among this large cultural minority has been rarely been studied by nursing researchers. Adjusting to life in foreign country produces a great deal of stress. Differences in culture, language, expectations and social behavior can lead to misunderstandings between health care providers and clients. These misunderstandings are not well accounted for in health assessment. This study investigated the relationship between life events or / and daily activities as a stressor and the symptoms of stress among a sample of Korean immigrants in America. The symptoms of stress scale (SOS) was used to identify stress responses and open-ended questions were used to identify life events and daily activities considered by the respondents to be stressful. A simple random sample of 283 subjects was selected from the Directory of the Korean Society of Chicago, New York, Los Angeles, Philadelphia and Seattle. Demographically, the subjects ranged in age from 20 to 69 years, and the percentage of women and men was approximately 50% each. Almost ninety percent of the subjects were highly educated, 17% owners of business, 19% white collar professionals, 14% employed in sales or as skilled /unskilled labor, 27% as housewives and students and 3％ had no occupation. The total group SOS mean was 0.8042 ; the SOS men for man was 0.7371, and for women was 0.8713. The stress response of this subject group was high, -the stress response of women higher than that for men. In an earlier study(June, 1992) with another sample, the total mean SOS score was similar to this one. The main stressful life events or / and daily activities were, in order, economic problems (N=97), interpersonal problems (N=68), children care problems (N=258), health problems (N=49), communication problems (N=42), family problems (N=38), worry about future career (N=36), and religious problems (N=25). There was a significant difference in the SOS means between the group that expressed life events or / and daily activities to be stressful and the group that did not. Interpersonal relationships and economic and family problems were stressors for those who complained about peripheral manifestations. cardiopulmonary symptoms, central-neurological symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms, muscle ten-sion, habitual patterns, depression, anxiety, emotional irritability and cognitive disorganization. In summary, interpersonal relationships and economic and family problems influenced stress response manifestations. Income, the number of people in the family, the year of immigration. the level of education, and marital status were related to physiological and psychosocial stress responses.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.2445-2451
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• 2016

Background: To evaluate knowledge of Bangkok women regarding HPV and self-sampled HPV testing, and their attitudes towards testing. Materials and Methods: Thai women who had lived in Bangkok for more than 5 years, aged 25-to-65 years old, were invited to join the study. Participating women were asked to a complete self-questionnaire (Thai language), with literate assistance as needed. The questionnaire was divided into 3 parts: (I) demographic data, (II) knowledge and (III) attitudes towards self-sampled HPV testing. Before proceeding to Part III of the questionnaire, a 15-minute educational video of self-sampled HPV testing was presented to all participants. Results: Among 2,810 women who answered the questionnaires, 33.7% reported that they did not know about HPV. The characteristic features of these women were older age (> 50 years), lower income (< 600 USD/month), unemployed status, and non-attendees at cervical cancer screening. Only small numbers of women (4.6%) responded that they had heard about self-sampled HPV testing. After having information, 59.6% would not use the self-sampled HPV testing as a method of cervical cancer screening (non-acceptance). Factors significantly associated with the non-acceptance were older age, lower income, having no knowledge about HPV or self-collected HPV testing, a perception that the testing was unreliable and a concern that they might not be able to perform it correctly. Conclusions: Nearly half and almost all Bangkok women did not know about HPV and self-sampled HPV testing, respectively. Approximately 60% of Bangkok women refused to do the self-sampled HPV testing. Significant negative attitudes were concerns that the testing would be unreliable and a lack of confidence to perform the procedure correctly. Education about HPV and self-sampled HPV testing, ease of the procedure, or the testing models may increase rate of acceptability or positive attitudes.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.29-46
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• 2006

Purpose: Since 1994, Asian Health Services, the Korean American Community Advisory Board, and the Center for Family and Community Health (University of California at Berkeley) have conducted periodic, population-based surveys on Korean American community health in Alameda County, California. The present study examines changes in health care access and utilization between 1994 and 2002 among Korean American adults in Alameda County, California. Method: We reanalyzed data from the 1994 and 2002 Korean Health Surveys. The primary variables of interest, health care access and utilization, were operationalized in terms of health insurance coverage, routine check-ups, a usual source of health care and reported barriers to health care. The frequency distribution of each indicator was calculated and its standard error was estimated using SUDAAN. The differences between 1994 and 2002 were examined with chi-square test. Results: Compared to 1994, Korean Americans in Alameda County were more likely to have health insurance coverage in 2002 (74.0% vs. 82.7%). Korean Americans in Alameda County were more likely to have received a recent (prior two years) routine health checkup in 2002 (50.4% vs. 57.2%). Health checkups increased over time for males, for adults with more than 12 years of education, and for employed adults. Also, compared to 1994, employed adults were more likely to have a usual source of health care in 2002 (66.5% vs. 78.4%). In both 1994 and 2002, high cost (58.0% vs. 47.8%) was the most commonly cited barrier to health care, and the next most frequently cited barriers were language (29.2% vs. 27.7%) and no time (29.2% vs. 30.3%). Conclusion: To improve health care utilization and health conditions, it is important to investigate factors related to health care and to monitor changing trends. Ongoing surveillance of health-related factors can contribute to the development of health education programs to reduce morbidity and mortality due to chronic disease, and thereby lead to improvements in health status among Korean Americans.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.143-167
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• 2013

The power of human capital in a library is the main resource that determines the level of library services, which in turn should play a pivotal role in forming the intellectual power of the country. This research conducted a survey on the employment perspectives of LIS undergraduates, which resulted as follows. First, among the LIS undergraduates, 40% of students responded that their desire was to be employed in the library as librarians. Although there were some negative opinions regarding the working environment of the industry, the undergraduates appreciated the developmental possibilities. Second, the most desired task was working with cultural programs. Third, the respondents were satisfied with the current curriculum overall, acknowledging the extra need for job search support programs, which include career support, employment-related mentoring, and internships. Fourth, the main requirements for their future employability were perceived as grade point average, language skills, obtaining licenses, internship and apprenticeship experience, and career management. Fifth, influential factors on employment decision making were divided into two aspects: environmental and personal factors. The environmental factors included salary, welfare, opportunities in personal development, workplace environment, organizational culture, and development possibilities of the organization. The personal factors included fitness with personal aptitude, the level of knowledge and technology in the job industry, social norms and acknowledgement, rewarding opportunities with their major, and location of job.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.3-17
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• 1995

The so-called borderline children are characterised by disturbances in the sense of reality and interpersonal relationships, lack of control, fluctuation of functioning, uneven development and excessive anxiety. But the concept of borderline disorder of childhood is very difficult to define and diagnose in current classification system. The present study adapted the consensus symptoms in borderline children by Bemporad and Vera eight cases aged 7-11 were examined in 37 variables. Results are as follows 1) All subjects are boys and girl hardly be diagnosis n current diagnostic system and have many concurrent diagnoses. Common chief complaints in the sense of reality. 2) In KEDI-WISC test, the borderline children showed average intelligence, but performance IQ tends to be higher than verbal IQ. In Rorscharch test, they showed high thought disorder index, emotional instabilities and aggressive impulses. The results of TOVA suggested attentional deficit in half of the subjects. The organicity is not prominent. 3) Many of the borderline children were unwanted baby. Although primary care takers of all the subjects were their mothers there were moderate problems in caring attitude of their children and marital relationship with their husband. Sccioeconomic status was generally below middle class. Most of all subjects have delayed language development, but have overcome subsequently. Many subjects were rejected by peers because of their aggression. 4) The first visit of the subjects was about 6 years of age. Average duration of treatment was 2 years. All of them were treated in the outpatient basis except one. The effect of pharmacotherapy was doubtful and the necessity of long term play therapy was suggested. Although there were many limitations of method in present study, it was suggested that further research is needed for diagnostic criteria, epidemiology and treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.247-257
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• 1996

This is a preliminary report on the first segment of a continuing and prospective teaming disorder study project in Korea. Study subjects were 197 children, aged between 6 and 15 referred for psychiatric evaluation of scholastic problems. Demographic data, psychiatric diagnoses and intelligence and achievement test results were reviewed and analyzed. Analyses of data lead to the following conclusions : (1) About 20.8% of children referred for scholastic problems were diagnosed of teaming disorder(LD). The most prevalent diagnosis among these children with scholastic problem was emotional disorder, especially depressive disorder(33%), (2) The comorbid rate of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) of 41 children with LD was 44%, (3) Male/female ratio was 5.8:1 among all of the LD children, 17:1 among children with LD and ADHD and 3.6:l among children with LD but without ADHD, (4) 83% of children with LD scored above middle level on socioeconomic status(SES), (5) Age, SES, IQ, family psychiatric history, past history of medical and psychiatric illness, onset of age, pattern of peer relationship, number of friends, presence of adaptation problem and academic achievements of children with LD and ADHD compared to those of children with LD but without ADHD. No significant differences between two groups were found on age, SES, IQ, family psychiatric history, past history of medical and psychiatric illness, pattern of peer relationship, number of friends and presence of adaptation problem. However, there were significant differences in academic achievements of Korean language total, speaking and listening score, arithmetic score, social science score and music score of children with LD and ADHD compared to those of children with LD but without ADHD. Also there was an ealier onset of age in LD and ADHD group when compared to LD but without ADHD group.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.794-801
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• 2011

Main machinery in the factory have various digital indicator to display its operating data for the manager. It is useful to control these datum at the remote office for factory automation in order to increase machine productivity. It is easy to use Ethernet infrastructure for remote communication. But most of all machinery in domestic factories still support RS232c or RS485 serial communication way. In this case to control machinery datum on the ethernet base, it is need to change RS232C or RS485 data to ethernet base. In this paper, in order to develop a remote progress management system through the wireless Internet, we show a design method to make easy maintenance by developing the system with both the JAVA language and RxTx Package for RS232c serial communication. For the system implementation, we added the digital indicator connect with a thermo couple to a machine which provide the real time status data of temperature. To connect machines management server program, we set up a convertor to change the RS485 data to the RS232c and also another convertor to change the RS232c data to wireless ethernet.