• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1275-1280
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• 2014

Purpose: To define factors that affect the performance status of BSE and confidence of student nurses. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in the academic year 2010-2011 in a nursing faculty in $\dot{I}$zmir, Turkey. "Informative data form" and "Champion's Revised Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS)" were used as data collection forms. Results: The mean age of the participant nurses was $21.0{\pm}1.49$. The mean CHMS scores of the student nurses were as follows: perceived susceptibility regarding breast cancer, $7.78{\pm}2.46$; perceived seriousness regarding breast cancer, $22.4{\pm}5.43$; perceived benefit regarding BSE application, $20.5{\pm}4.45$; perceived barriers regarding BSE application, $23.8{\pm}7.13$; perceived confidence regarding BSE application, $36.3{\pm}7.78$; the mean score of health motivation sub-scale, $25.7{\pm}4.59$; and mean of the total score of the scale, $36.5{\pm}15.01$. Conclusions: The outcomes obtained in this study indicated the importance of better education to student nurses, who have a key role in teaching preventive health behaviour including BSE to society and other university students as colleagues.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.176-189
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to analyze self-regulation about changing heart rate and perceived arousal variation when actors start their performance. Object of this study were 5 actors who belong to the theater selected using the purposive sampling method. This study used a measuring instrument of heart rate to measure arousal status, used behavior observation paper to observe and record self-regulation behavior and executed personal consultation after ending performance. There was graph mad by variation transition which calculated average and standard deviation about variation of heart rate each time of performance. The results of this study were as follows. First, there were high variation of awake level that actor's heart rates were rising before starting performance and the most high level of arousal was from 20minutes to 5minutes before starting performance. Second, there were self-regulation behaviors appeared such as deep breathing, breath controling, self talking, talking with other actors, concentrating an script, going to toilet, smoking, checking closes before starting performance. Third, when performance start, actors used psychological self-regulational method such as relaxation, self concentration, confidence reinforcement, coping with state or accommodation for controling raised arousal status.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.441-451
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• 2020

The study was conducted with the aim of identifying the impact of competition anxiety on dance immersion and performance in high school students majoring in dance. As of 2020, online surveys were conducted on students majoring in dance at high schools in Seoul and the metropolitan area. A total of 222 people's data were processed by applying t-test, one-way variable analysis, correlation and multiple regression analysis through SPS 18.0 for Windows, resulting in the following conclusions. First, male students were more confident in their condition than female students, and students who recognized that their family's economic power was in the middle class were more aware. In addition, it was found that the group perceived that economic power was at the top of the list was higher than the median. Second, cognitive anxiety and self-confidence have been shown to have a static effect on immersion into dance. Third, cognitive anxiety and self-confidence have been shown to have a static effect on the achievement of uselessness. Fourth, immersion in dance appeared to be a powerful parameter related to competition anxiety and achievement of dance. To sum up the above conclusions, competition among high school students majoring in dance has been shown to increase their performance by immersing themselves in dance, but further studies of these psychological variables are expected to have side effects.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.1087-1102
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• 1999

Diabetes mellitus, a universal and prevalent chronic disease, is projected to be one of the most formidable worldwide health problems in the 21st century. For those living with diabetes, there is a need for self-care skills to manage a complex medical regimen. Self-efficacy which refers to one's belief in his/her capability to monitor and perform the daily activities required to manage diabetes has be found to be related to self-care. The concept of self-efficacy comes from social cognitive theory which maintains that cognitive mechanism mediate the performance of behavior. The literature cites several research studies which show a strong relationship between self-efficacy and self-care behavior. Meta-analysis is a technique that enables systematic review and quantitative integration of the results from multiple primary studies that are relevant to a particular research question. Therefore, this study was done using meta-analysis to quantitatively integrate the results of independent research studies to obtain numerical estimates of the overall effect of a self-efficacy with diabetic patient on self-care behaviors. The research proceeded in three stages : 1) literature search and retrieval of studies in which self-efficacy was related to self-care, 2) coding, and 3) calculation of mean effect size and data analysis. Seventeen studies which met the research criteria included study population of adults with diabetes, measures of self-care and measures of self-efficacy as a predictive variable. Computation of effect size was done on DSTAT which is a statistical computer program specifically designed for meta-analysis. To determine the effect of self-efficacy on self-care practice homogeneity tests were conducted. Pooled effect size estimates, to determine the best subvariable for composite variables, metabolic control variables and component of self-efficacy and self-care, indicated that the effect of self-efficacy composite on self-care composite was moderate to large. The weighted mean effect size of self-efficacy composite and self-care composite were ＋.76 and the confidence interval was from ＋.66 to ＋.86 with the number of subjects being 1,545. The total for this meta-analysis result showed that the weighted mean effect sizes ranged from ＋.70 to ＋1.81 which indicates a large effect. But since reliabilities of the instruments in the primary studies were low or not stated, caution must be applied in unconditionally accepting the results from these effect sizes. Meta-analysis is a useful took for clarifying the status of knowledge development and guiding decision making about future research and this study confirmed that there is a relationship between self-efficacy and self-care in patients with diabetes. It, thus, provides support for nurses to promote self-efficacy in their patients. While most of the studies included in this meta-analysis used social cognitive theory as a framework for the study, some studies use Fishbein & Ajzen's attitude model as a model for active self-care. Future research is needed to more fully define the concept of self-care and to determine what it is that makes patients feel competent in their self-care activities. The results of this study showed that self-efficacy can promote self-care. Future research is needed with experimental design to determine nursing interventions that will increase self-efficacy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2179-2184
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• 2012

Introduction and aim: To compare reproductive factor influence on patients with pathological diagnosed malignant and benign tumor in the Breast Department, The First Peoples' Hospital of Kunming in Yunnan province, China. Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted on 263 breast cancer (BC) cases and 457 non-breast cancer controls from 2009 to 2011. The cases and controls information on demographics, medical history, and reproductive characteristics variables were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and routine medical records. Histology of breast cancer tissue and benign breast lesion were documented by pathology reports. Since some variables in data analysis had zero count in at least one category, binomial-response GLM using the bias-reduction method was applied to estimate OR's and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). To adjust for age and menopause status, a compound variable comprising age and menopausal status was retained in the statistical models. Results: multivariate model analysis revealed significant independent positive associations of BC with short menstrual cycle, old age at first live birth, never breastfeeding, history of oral contraception experience, increased number of abortion, postmenopausal status, and nulliparity. Categorised by age and menopausal status, perimenopausal women had about 3-fold and postmenopausal women had more than 5-fold increased risk of BC compared to premenopausal women. Discussion and Conclusion: This study has confirmed the significant association of BC and estrogen related risk factors of breast cancer including longer menstrual cycle, older age of first live birth, never breastfeeding, nulliparity, and number of abortions more than one. The findings suggest that female hormonal factors, especially the trend of menopause status play a significant role in the development of BC in Yunnan women.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.125-150
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• 2016

This study was carried out to empirically analyze the hypothesis that the impact of the welfare status on the welfare attitudes is moderated by each individual's level of confidence in government. To do this, this study focused on the welfare status known as the significant predictors of welfare attitudes and measured the welfare status as a gap between 'welfare contribute' and 'welfare benefit' in a single dimension, which is defined as 'material sacrifice'. Also, this study examined the main effect of material sacrifice and trust in government on the welfare attitudes and moderating effect of trust in government on relationship between material sacrifice and welfare attitudes. This study was performed with secondary data from 8th year of "2013 Korea Welfare Panel Study". Hypothesis of this study were verified using hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The major findings of this study are summarized as follow. 'Material sacrifice' was found to be negatively associated with the welfare attitudes. However, as the confidence in which social policies will be carried out competently by government increases, it was confirmed that the negative effect of material sacrifice on the welfare attitudes was moderated. It suggests that self-material interests associated with welfare could be moderated by beliefs and expectations about the government's functions, which means that expanding the reliance on the social policy is an important task in order to lead a social consensus for the welfare expansion.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.26-30
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• 2018

Objectives: To investigate the association of problematic Internet use with oral health behaviors and oral health status in a nationally representative sample of Korean adolescents. Methods: Data from the 2010 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (73238 Korean adolescents; mean age $15.06{\pm}1.75years$; age range, 12-18 years) were used. Problematic Internet use was measured using the Korean Internet Addiction Proneness Scale for Youth-Short Form. Self-report questionnaires were used to assess oral health behaviors and oral health status of adolescents. Results: Problematic Internet users were less likely to brush their teeth frequently [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=0.59; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.56-0.63] and at school after lunch (AOR=0.89; 95% CI=0.83-0.94) as well as more likely to perceive their oral health to be poorer (AOR=1.63, 95% CI=1.54-1.72) and experience oral symptoms (AOR=1.75, 95% CI=1.65-1.86) compared to usual Internet users. Conclusion: The study results indicate that problematic Internet use may adversely affect the oral health of Korean adolescents. Thus, oral health screening and Internet-based education are needed for adolescents experiencing problematic Internet use.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.917-924
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• 2015

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between work-related stress and depressive symptoms among dental hygienists. Methods: This survey of dental hygienists was conducted in Gyeonggi province, South Korea. Total of 198 dental hygienists were interviewed in 2014. The occupational stress was evaluated by depression symptoms, which was assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory Scale. To estimate the odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals, logistic regression model was used. Results: Depressive symptoms were reported 46.0%(n=91) among dental hygienists. We found that the work-related stress increased with age, smoking(OR=5.16; 95% CI 1.73-15.3), and those who had the poor perceived health status(OR=4.22; 95% CI=1.50-11.86) was associated with the risk of depressive symptoms. After controlling potential confounders, such as dental hospital(OR=11.05; 95% CI=1.02-118.9), 5-7 years time since first employment(OR=0.15; 95% CI=0.03-0.89), and the group with the high job stress(OR=2.84; 95% CI=1.22-6.79) showed higher risks of depressive symptoms than did no depressive symptoms. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the risk of depression appears to be related to age, smoking, self-reported health status, type of dental facility, years of practice and the stress of job.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.577-589
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of general and oral health on quality of life in the elderly living alone and with family. Methods: We analyzed data from the $6^{th}$ Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Distribution of the elderly living alone and with family based on the general characteristics and general and oral health was analyzed using complex-sample chi-square tests. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the factors affecting quality of life by calculating the 95% confidence intervals. Results: In the elderly living alone, the quality of life significantly correlated with restriction of activity, perceived general and oral health status, perceived stress, and speech difficulties. Further, in the elderly living with family, lower quality of life significantly correlated with restriction of activity, perceived health status, walking days per week, life time smoking history, Community Periodontal Index, and chewing and speech difficulties. Conclusions: The elderly are concerned with self-maintenance of general and oral health. Therefore, systematic policies related to health services need to be developed and operated at the national level. It is especially necessary to take social interest in the elderly living alone and a more continuous and professional approach in their health care.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.415-420
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• 2015

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the correlations between food intake behavior and job stress level and neuropeptide hormone concentrations. Job strain and food intake behavior were first identified using a self-reported questionnaire, concentrations of neuropeptide hormones (adiponectin, brain derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF], leptin, and ghrelin) were determined, and the correlations were analyzed. In the results, job strain showed significant correlations with adiponectin (odds ratio [OR], 1.220; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.001~1.498; p < 0.05) and BDNF (OR, 0.793; 95% CI, 0.646~0.974; p < 0.05), and ghrelin exhibited a significant correlation with food intake score (OR, 0.911; 95% CI, 0.842~0.985, p < 0.05). These results suggest that job stress affects food intake regulation by altering the physiological concentrations of neuropeptide hormones as well as emotional status.