• Korean journal of medical education
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.317-326
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• 2018

Purpose: The study examines changes in students' self-assessment of their general communication (GC) and medical communication (MC) competencies, as well as perceptions of MC concepts. Methods: Participants included 108 second year medical students enrolled at a Korean medical school studying an MC curriculum. It was divided into three sections, and participants responded to questionnaires before and after completing each section. To assess perceived GC and MC competency, items based on a 7-point Likert scale were employed; a single open-ended item was used to examine students' perceptions of MC. Statistical analysis was conducted to gauge GC and MC competency, whereas semantic network analysis was used to investigate students' perceptions of MC. Results: Students perceived their GC competency to be higher than MC. Perceived MC competency differed significantly across the three sections, whereas no differences were found for GC. There were no statistically significant differences after completing the curriculum's second and third sections; however, the vocabulary students used to describe MC concepts became more scholarly and professional. In the semantic networks, the link structure between MC-related words decreased in linearity and looseness, becoming more complex and clustered. The words 'information' and 'transfer' proved integral to students' perceptions; likewise, 'empathy' and 'communication' became closely connected in a single community from two independent communities. Conclusion: This study differed from prior research by conducting an in-depth analysis of changes in students' perceptions of MC, and its findings can be used to guide curriculum development.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.13-21
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• 2021

The goal of this study was to quantify the content of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Hg) in the bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis, which was obtained from the Black Sea's Sinop peninsula, as well as estimate the health risks. Concentrations of heavy metals in mussels' soft tissues ranged between 16.4-21.8, 0.52-0.93, 0.13-0.45; 0.015-0.019 and 0.006-0.011mg kg^-1 wet weight for Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg and Cd, respectively. In general, metal concentrations in mussels were quite low. In mussels, Zn was the most prevalent element, followed by Cu. Regarding the monthly variation, although relatively higher tissue metal concentrations were observed in August compared to July, no statistical difference was found. The estimated daily intakes did not exceed the tolerable intakes. There was no health risk since the total hazard index was far below critical value 1. This demonstrates that eating mussels from the Sinop coasts in 2019 does not cause any health risks in infants, children, or adult. Mussels have a risk index of less than 10^-6, which is considered insignificant. In conclusion, the results of this study show that there is no heavy metal pollution in the mussels collected from Sinop coasts.

• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.26-34
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• 2021

Purpose: The ultimate purpose of this study is to analyze this survey to understand the overall contents of college career guidance and psychological counseling, and to utilize it to improve the quality of learning and provide career guidance. Research design, data and methodology: The research period and survey subject are approximately one month from 2020.12.01(Tue) to 2021.01.03(Sun). Convenience sampling was conducted using a structured questionnaire composed of a 5-point Likert scale and 5 open-ended questions. As the analysis method, descriptive statistics such as reliability analysis and frequency analysis of Cronbach's α coefficient of internal consistency were mainly used. Data Analysis Statistical program was analyzed using SPSS 25 version. Results: The item with the highest score is that the counseling and counseling-related non-specialized programs offered by the Student Counseling Center are helpful for school life (3.56 points). Conversely, the lowest question is that seminars accompanied by priests are helpful for study (3.38 points). Conclusions: The average score of 5 questions in the career guidance and psychological counseling areas is 3.38 out of 5.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.317-322
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• 2021

Diabetes is mainly evaluated by fasting blood sugar. The genetic and environmental factors influence the development of type 2 diabetes. In this study, the relationship between diabetes and family history of diabetes in Koreans was analyzed in consideration of body mass index and age. The study subjects were 4,274 subjects who received a medical examination at a university hospital. The main statistical analysis method was multiple logistic regression analysis. In addition, subjects were analyzed by dividing them by gender and the median of age and body mass index. Diabetes prevalence was 8.9% of all subjects, and subjects with a family history of diabetes were 14.5%. The risk of diabetes was 2.80 times higher in subjects with a family history of diabetes than subjects without a family history of diabetes. In addition, in younger subjects, the risk of diabetes was 3.36 times higher in subjects with a family history of diabetes compared with subjects without a family history of diabetes. In this study, the family history of diabetes was significantly associated with diabetes. The relationship between family history of diabetes and diabetes was slightly higher in the younger group than in the older group. In order to obtain an accurate assessment of the association between diabetes and family history of diabetes, further prospective cohort study in the future is necessary.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.83-91
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• 2022

Purpose: This study assessed the associations between chronological age, dental maturation (DM), cervical vertebrae maturation (CVM), and hand-wrist maturation (HWM) in individuals aged 9-19 years. In addition, this study aimed to derive practical methods to evaluate the skeletal age using DM, CVM, or HWM for orthodontic, medical, and forensic purposes and to compare which of these 3 developmental parameters is more accurate for estimating the age of individuals in a Turkish population. Materials and Methods: Panoramic, lateral cephalometric, and hand-wrist radiographs of 284 patients aged 9-19 years were used in this study. The DM, CVM, and HWM stages were determined. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov, kappa, Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis, chi-square, and Spearman correlation tests and simple linear regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. The significance level was 0.05. Results: Statistically significant differences were found between chronological age and DM, chronological age and CVM, and chronological age and HWM in both sexes (P<0.05). DM did not show statistically significant differences according to sex (P>0.05), but CVM and HWM were statistically different between males and females (P<0.05). The DM-estimated age yielded more accurate values than the other methods. Conclusion: All correlations between skeletal and dental stages were statistically significant. Our results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between chronological age and DM-estimated age. Therefore, it can be concluded that DM stages have the potential to be used for legal purposes.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2022

Background: There are regional variations in the incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which means that some regions are more exposed to the risk of COVID-19 than others. Therefore, this study aims to investigate regional variations in the incidence of COVID-19 in Korea and identify risk factors associated with the incidence of COVID-19 using community-level data. Methods: This study was conducted at the districts (si·gun·gu) level in Korea. Data of COVID-19 incidence by districts were collected from the official website of each province. Data was also obtained from the Korean Statistical Information Service and the Community Health Survey; socio-demographic factor, transmission pathway, healthcare resource, and factor in response to COVID-19. Community risk factors that drive the incidence of COVID-19 were selected using a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. Results: As of June 2021, the incidence of COVID-19 differed by more than 80 times between districts. Among the candidate factors, sex ratio, population aged 20-29, local financial independence, population density, diabetes prevalence, and failure to comply with the quarantine rules were significantly associated with COVID-19 incidence. Conclusion: This study suggests setting COVID-19 quarantine policy and allocating resources, considering the community risk factors. Protecting vulnerable groups should be a high priority for these policies.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.245-257
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• 2022

Water quality characteristics and their spatial variations in the Nakdong River were statistically analyzed by multivariate techniques including correlation analysis, CA, and FA/PCA based on water quality parameters for 17 sites over 2017-2019, yielding PI values for primary factors. Site 10 indicated the highest parameter concentrations, and results of pearson's correlation analysis suggest that non-biodegradable organic matter had been distributed on the site. Five clusters were identified in order of descending pollution levels: I (Ib > Ia) > II (IIa > IIb) > III. Spatial variations started from sub-cluster Ib in which Daegu city and Geumho-river are joined. T-P, PO4-P, SS, COD, and TOC corresponded to VF 1 and 2, which were found to be principal components with strong influence on water quality. Sub-cluster Ib was strongly influenced by NO3-N and T-N compared to other clusters. According to the PIs, water quality pollution deteriorated due to non-biodegradable organic matter, nitrogen- and phosphorus-based nutrient salts in the middle and lower reaches, illustrating worsening water pollution due to inflows of anthropogenic sources on the Geumho-river, i.e., sewage and wastewater, discharged from Site 10, at which there is a concentration of urban, agricultural, and industrial areas.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.22-32
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• 2022

The domestic smart factory is being built and spread rapidly, mainly by mid-sized companies and large enterprises according to the government's active introduction and support policy. But these factories only promote production system and efficiency, so harmfulness and risk factors are not considered. Therefore, to derive harmful risk factors in terms of industrial safety for 12,983 government-supported smart factory workplaces from 2014 to 2019, industrial accident status analysis compared workplaces with automation facilities and government-supported workplaces with automation facilities. Also, to reduce risks associated with domestic smart factory processes, twenty government-supported workplaces with automation facilities underwent analysis, evaluating risks through a status survey using the process evaluation table. In addition, the status survey considered region, size, industry, construction level, and accident rate; the difference in risk according to the structure of the process was confirmed. Based on the smart factory process evaluation results, statistical analysis confirmed that serial, parallel, and hybrid structures pose different risk levels and that the risks of mixed structures are greater. Finally, safety control system application was presented for risk assessment and reduction in the smart factory process, reflecting the results of disaster analysis and actual condition investigation.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.571-584
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• 2022

The residual displacement ratio (RDRs) response spectra have been generally used as an important means to evaluate the post-earthquake repairability, and the ratios of residual to maximum inelastic displacement are considered to be more appropriate for development of the spectra. This methodology, however, assumes that the expected residual displacement can be computed as the product of the RDRs and maximum inelastic displacement, without considering the correlation between these two variables, which inevitably introduces potential systematic error. For providing an adequately accurate estimate of residual displacement, while accounting for the collapse resistance performance prior to the repairability evaluation, a probability-based procedure to estimate the residual displacement demands using the nonlinear static analysis (NSA) is developed for single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems. To this end, the energy-based equivalent damping ratio used for NSA is revised to obtain the maximum displacement coincident with the nonlinear time history analysis (NTHA) results in the mean sense. Then, the possible systematic error resulted from RDRs spectra methodology is examined based on the NTHA results of SDOF systems. Finally, the statistical relation between the residual displacement and the NSA-based maximum displacement is established. The results indicate that the energy-based equivalent damping ratio will underestimate the damping for short period ranges, and overestimate the damping for longer period ranges. The RDRs spectra methodology generally leads to the results being non-conservative, depending on post-yield stiffness. The proposed approach emphasizes that the repairability evaluation should be based on the premise of no collapse, which matches with the current performance-based seismic assessment procedure.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.333-343
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• 2022

The UN's 17 Sustainable Development Goals (2018) were created to address environmental pollution and climate change (SDGs). The goal of this study is to find out how well-informed Vietnamese students are about the SDGs. Knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) questionnaires were used to survey 1,010 students across Vietnam's universities, and the data was analyzed using SPSS software version 20. The findings suggest that both knowledge and attitude have a positive impact on the practice level. However, when comparing the correlation between the variables and the level of practice, advantage belongs to the relationship between the attitude and the level of practice (r = 0.982^**, n = 1010, p = 0.00), the correlation between knowledge and practice level is weaker (r = 0.616^**, n = 1010, p = 0.00). Statistical data also show that many Vietnamese students do not have access to information about the SDGs. The majority of the target population who have been contacted and have a basic understanding of the SDGs have done so through their academic degree. From there, it is clear that education is the most effective strategy for Vietnamese students to modify their environmental understanding and actions.