• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.863-871
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• 2009

For the assessment of climate change impacts on river flow condition, CGCM 3.1 T63 is selected as future climate information. The projections come from CGCM used to simulate the GHG emission scenario known as A2. Air temperature and precipitation information from the GCM simulations are converted to regional scale data using the statistical downscaling method known as MSPG. Downscaled climate data from GCM are then used as the input data for the modified TANK model to generate regional runoff estimates for 44 river locations in Nakdong river basin. Climate change is expected to reduce the reliability of water supplies in the period of 2021~2030. In the period of 2051~2060, stream flow is expected to be reduced in spring season and increased in summer season. However, it should be noted that there are a lot of uncertainties in such multiple-step analysis used to convert climate information from GCM-based future climate projections into hydrologic information.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2009

The objective of this paper was to evaluate the auto-calibration with multi-objective optimization method to calibrate the parameters of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The model was calibrated and validated by using nine years (1996-2004) of measured data for the 384-ha Baran reservoir subwatershed located in central Korea. Multi-objective optimization was performed for sixteen parameters related to runoff. The parameters were modified by the replacement or addition of an absolute change. The root mean square error (RMSE), relative mean absolute error (RMAE), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency index (EI), determination coefficient ($R^2$) were used to evaluate the results of calibration and validation. The statistics of RMSE, RMAE, EI, and $R^2$ were 4.66 mm/day, 0.53 mm/day 0.86, and 0.89 for the calibration period and 3.98 mm/day, 0.51 mm/day, 0.83, and 0.84 for the validation period respectively. The statistical parameters indicated that the model provided a reasonable estimation of the runoff at the study watershed. This result was illustrated with a multi-objective optimization for the flow at an observation site within the Baran reservoir watershed.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.759-774
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• 2017

Earthquake concerns have grown after a remarkable earthquake incident on September 12th, 2016 in Gyeongju, Korea. Earthquake forecasting is gaining in importance in order to guarantee infrastructure safety and develop protection policies. In this paper, we adopt a power-law distribution model to fit past earthquake occurrences in Korea with various historical and modern seismological records. We estimated power-law distribution parameters using empirical distributions and calculated the future probabilities for large earthquake events based on our model. We provide the probability that a future event has a larger magnitude than given levels, and the probability that a future event over certain levels will occur in a given period of time. This model contributes to the assessment of latent seismological risk in Korea by estimating future earthquake probabilities.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.1268-1271
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• 2006

This paper introduces what amount of railway vibration level observed from residential area. Five residential area located near the railway were selected to measure the vibration levels generated by the different types of Korean railway vehicles. Those 3-axis vibration measurements are applied to the frequency-dependent weighting functions recommended by ISO 2631-2, which are used to evaluate the 3-axis combined vibration levels such as peak levels, L 10 levels and root-mean-squared values. These evaluated results are shown to indicate the environmental vibration severity for the different residential area. In addition to those physical vibration measurements, the survey of subjective responses of residents was also carried out by distributing the questionnaire suggested by WHO. The questionnaire includes the subjective scales for assessing the annoyance and the sleep-disturbance caused by the environmental vibration. The statistical analysis results collected from 386 respondents are introduced. The highly annoyed population and the highly sleep-disturbed one are examined to identify the .elation between their subjective scale and their corresponding environmental vibration levels. These attempts are shown to lead to the salient model to relate the environmental vibration level and the subjective responses of Korean residents to annoyance and sleep-disturbance.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.155-167
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• 1998

In the climate of increasing calls for academic assessment, the author undertook a study to ascertain availability of original texts and their translations in the academic library. The object of this study is to compare the use frequency of original texts by academic major of users in the university libraries. To achieve this object, the author collected the data stored in 3 Korean university library online systems from September 10th to 30th, 1995 and tested the hypotheses by using the Minitab statistical package. Libraries with multilingual collection and automated systems will find the methodology Presented here Particularly valuable.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2000

Purpose : To evaluate functional results and study factors influencing results after humeral hemiarthroplasty for comminuted fractures of the proximal humerus. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 12 patients with average follow-up period of 23 months(12 to 42). The proximal humeral fractures consisted of one anatomical neck fracture, five three-part and six four-part fractures or fracture-dislocations. Constant score and Compito et al' evaluation system were used for clinical assessment. Statistical analysis was done with the Wilcoxon test. Results: Six cases of anatomical neck, three-part fractures or fracture-dislocations showed 61 points on the average Constant score and three unsatisfactory results on the Compito et al' evaluation; Six of four-part fractures or fracture-dislocations showed 51 points and three unsatisfactory results. There were 59(two unsatisfactory) for five non-associated dislocation and 53(four unsatistactory) for seven associated dislocation; 66(one unsatisfactory) for three under 60 years and 41(five unsatisfactory) for nine over 60 years; 67(two unsatisfactory) for seven tuberosity union and 41(four unsatisfactory) for five tuberosity non-union or resorption; 58(four unsatisfactory) for ten early operation within two weeks and 43(all unsatisfactory) for two delayed operation; and 18(unsatisfactory) for one case of a accompanied rotator cuff tear. Conclusion: We concluded that tuberosity union was important factor influencing the results. Also, we thought that age, timing of operation and accompanied rotator cuff tear could be influenced to results.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.82-90
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• 2004

Purpose: This study is part of questionnaire survey concerned with the views of nursing staff for cancer patients. This study was done to describe cancer pain management problem, pain management knowledge. Methods: The participants were 188 nurses at cancer ward. Data were collected from July 2003 to August 2003. Data were collected with multiple-choice items and one open-ended question, which were constructed structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed by means of SPSS statistical software and content analysis. Results: Experiences of pain education are 53.7%, pain assessment sheet not use 86%, pain management status are partial. Education need of pain management was 87.8% patients in pain were very often(23.9%) or rather often (35.1%) cancer patients. The nurses are respond to open question. Pain management problems as assessed by nurses are categorized 11 item. The health professional problems are Knowledge deficit pain management, Incontrollable pain, Doctor's busy. The patient problems afraid of narcotics for addiction, side effect, distinguishing between physical and suffering, economical problem. The scores of knowledge about pain was average 16.7 score. The pain knowledge showed significant correlation education need(r=.180, p=.013). The effective variable was need of $education({\beta}=.163)$. Conclusion: It was found that pain knowledge was middle score and pain management problem was multiple. The study highlights the need to increase pain education for health professional. Therefore, This study suggest that health professionals education should be done to improve pain management problem.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.24-34
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• 2015

The complexity arises in defining the construction quality due to its perception, based on inherent market conditions and their requirements, the diversified stakeholders itself and their desired output. A quantitative survey based approach was adopted in this constructive study. A questionnaire based survey was conducted, for the assessment of construction quality perception and expectations in the context of quality improvement technique. The survey feedback of professionals, from the leading construction organizations/companies of Pakistan were analyzed. The financial capacity, organizational structure, and construction experience of the construction firms formed basis for their selection. After statistical analysis of survey feedback it was found reliable and valid for the inferential purpose to the target population of construction professionals. The quality perception was found to be project scope oriented, considered as an excess cost for a construction project and keeping the rework minimum by qualifying the required quality tests, keeping the defects minimum by ensuring the specifications of supplied material. Any quality improvement technique was expected to address the financial aspects of the construction project for the employer and contractor, by increasing the profitability through reduction in overall cost, reduction in time, reduction in defects and improving the productivity in a construction project. The study is beneficial for the construction professionals to assess the prevailing construction quality perception and the expectations from implementation of any quality improvement technique in construction projects.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.203-212
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the structural properties of plain knit fabrics on the subjective perception of textures, sensibilities, and preference among consumers. This study, then, aimed to provide useful information with respect to planning and designing knitted fabrics by predicting the subjective characteristics analyzed according to their structural properties. For this purpose, we employed statistical analysis tools, such as factor and regression analysis and an adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system(ANFIS), thereby combining the merits of fuzzy and neural networks and presupposing a non-linear relationship. Through factor analysis, we also categorized the subjective textures into 'roughness', 'softness', 'bulkiness' and 'stretch-ability' with R2=70.32%: and categorized the sensibilities into 'Stable/Neat', 'Natural/Comfortable' and 'Feminine/Elegant' with R2=68.12%. We analyzed subjective textures, sensibilities, and preference with ANFIS, assuming non-linear relationships; consequently, we were able to generate three or four fuzzy rules using wool/rayon fiber content and loop length as input data. The textures of roughness and softness exhibited a linear relationship, but other subjective characteristics demonstrated a non-linear input-output relationship. Compared with linear regression analysis, the ANFIS exhibited had higher predictive power with respect to predicting subjective characteristics.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.144-153
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate middle school student's environmental literacy level and variables that affect their environmental literacy. Of the students, 987 in 7th grade from big cities, medium sized cities and mountain areas participated in this study, and their environmental literacy was measured through 88 questions (27 items for knowledge, 27 items for attitude, 25 items for behavior, 9 items for skill) with 14 demographic variables. Forty-five minutes were given to answer the questions. Statistical analysis was conducted on each of the categories(knowledge, attitude, behavior, skill) that make up environmental literacy and factor analysis was also conducted to investigate variables that affect environmental literacy. Results indicated that the correlation between attitude and behavior is the strongest. Also, it was found that a demographic variable might affect one, two, or sometimes all categories of the environmental literacy. Especially students' perceptions, knowledge and attitude of science positively affect all categories of environmental literacy.