• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.740-741
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• 2015

the downscaled air temperature data over study region for the projected 2001 - 2099 period were then ensemble averaged, and the ensemble averages of 6 realizations were compared against the corresponding historical downscaled data for the 1961 - 2000 period in order to assess the impact of climate change on air temperature over study region by graphical, spatial and statistical methods. In order to evaluate the seasonal trends under future climate change conditions, the simulated annual, annual DJF (December-January-February), and annual JJA (June-July-August) mean air temperature for 5 watersheds during historical and future periods were evaluated. From the results, it is clear that there is a rising trend in the projected air temperature and future air temperature would be warmer by about 3 degrees Celsius toward the end of 21^st century if the ensemble projections of air temperature become true. Spatial comparison of 30-year average annual mean air temperature between historical period (1970 - 1999) and ensemble average of 6-realization shows that air temperature is warmer toward end of 21^st century compared to historical period.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2013.01a
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• pp.507-508
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• 2013

International Roughness Index (IRI) has been widely used by state DOTs to quantify pavement smoothness. When pavement condition falls below certain IRI thresholds, corresponding pavement maintenance treatments should be considered for application. Selection of appropriate IRI thresholds is essential to tactical allocation of limited resources to improve the conditions of states' roadway systems. This selection process is often challenging, however, because IRI thresholds are largely determined by Perceived Ride Quality (PRQ), and PRQ differs in each state. In this paper, a framework is proposed to address this problem. Passenger raters will be randomly selected from predetermined geographic locations, and their PRQ ratings collected. Taking this perceived ride data, along with other data collected, a statistical analysis will be conducted to establish the relationship between measured IRI values and PRQ. Appropriate IRI thresholds will then be determined. Once this framework is implemented, state DOTs could make informative maintenance decisions, which are expected to greatly enhance the public perception of pavement conditions in today's challenging economy.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.381-390
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• 2017

The aim of this study is to develop a teamwork self-assessment tool for Korean nursing students (K-self assessment of teamwork) to evaluate the effects of simulation education, and to test the validity of the tool. As the research method, data were collected from 185 third- and fourth-year nursing students who had completed emergency simulation practice courses while attending nursing schools at two universities in K region. The collected data were analyzed using such statistical programs as SPSS/WIN 22.0 and AMOS 17.0. A test of the construct validity was conducted using confirmatory factor analysis and explanatory factor analysis. To test the criterion validity of the K-self assessment of teamwork, its correlation with the Mayo High Performance Teamwork Scale (MHPTS) was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficients. In addition, of the reliability items, the internal consistency was tested using Chronbach's ${\alpha}$. The results of the study are as follows: The construct validity was demonstrated through the confirmatory factor analysis and explanatory factor analysis. As regards the test of reliability, there was one item for which the reliability of its validity was increased to .937 when a (single/particular) question was removed. However, in the end, no questions were removed, because the correlation coefficient between the questions and the total score was greater than .4. The overall reliability of the K-self assessment tool of teamwork was found to be .934, confirming its reliability. The translated version of the K-self assessment of teamwork developed in this study was also demonstrated to be applicable to domestic settings, in which the teamwork of nursing students can be assessed during simulation education. The results of the use of this tool in the future will be used to assess the effects of simulation education at nursing colleges, and will become the basis of various types of educational programs aimed at improving teamwork in emergency situations.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.79-91
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine how much secondary school home economics teachers paid attention to performance assessment, to what extent and in which way they carried it out and how much support was given to that. It's basically meant to help provide more systematic support for performance assessment. The instrument used in this study was an Interest-Based Reform Adoption Model developed by Hall. Hord and et. al. at Texas University Research & Development Center for Teacher Education. and the subjects in this study were home economics teachers from 95 secondary schools in Gyeonggi province. After a survey was conducted by mail. the responses from 157 teachers were chosen for analysis. For data handling. SPSS/WIN program was utilized, and statistical data on mean. standard deviation and percentage were obtained. In addition. t-test and ANOVA were employed. The major findings of this study were as follows: First. as for their type of interest in performance assessment. influential type(35.0%) was most common. followed by confident type (29.3%). indifferent type(20.4%) and task type(15.3%). Second, regarding their implementation. every teacher carried out performance assessment. The largest group of the teachers fulfilled it as part of routine daily schedule(60 teachers. 38.2%). which could be called the level 4. The second largest group tried to integrate performance assessment to education programs(53 teachers. 33.8%). which could be called the level 5. The third largest group implemented it without making careful preparations for that(26 teachers. 16.6%). which could be called the level 3. and the fourth largest group tried to reinvent it(11 teachers. 7.0%), which could be called the level 6. The fifth largest group was in the middle of researching it(5 teachers, 3.2%). which could be called the level 1. And the sixth largest group was in the course of making preparations for that(2 teachers. 1.3%) . which could be named the level 2. Third. concerning how much they found themselves to be supported about performance assessment. they eave three or less marks to that. which showed that they weren't supported sufficiently There was little gap among them in their concern for performance assessment and its implementation levels. and this fact suggested that there wasn't satisfactory backup for their performance assessment.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.131-143
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• 2014

We propose a no-reference perceptual fog density and visibility prediction model in a single foggy scene based on natural scene statistics (NSS) and perceptual "fog aware" statistical features. Unlike previous studies, the proposed model predicts fog density without multiple foggy images, without salient objects in a scene including lane markings or traffic signs, without supplementary geographical information using an onboard camera, and without training on human-rated judgments. The proposed fog density and visibility predictor makes use of only measurable deviations from statistical regularities observed in natural foggy and fog-free images. Perceptual "fog aware" statistical features are derived from a corpus of natural foggy and fog-free images by using a spatial NSS model and observed fog characteristics including low contrast, faint color, and shifted luminance. The proposed model not only predicts perceptual fog density for the entire image but also provides local fog density for each patch size. To evaluate the performance of the proposed model against human judgments regarding fog visibility, we executed a human subjective study using a variety of 100 foggy images. Results show that the predicted fog density of the model correlates well with human judgments. The proposed model is a new fog density assessment work based on human visual perceptions. We hope that the proposed model will provide fertile ground for future research not only to enhance the visibility of foggy scenes but also to accurately evaluate the performance of defog algorithms.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.74-80
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• 2021

This study investigated the process quality level of a K5 gas mask, which recently acquired its operational capability, through statistical process analysis for the mass production stages and their lots. The tensile adhesion strength was the only operating requirement in the manufacturing process of the K5 gas mask. For this purpose, the results of tensile adhesion strength between the lens and facial rubber during the initial and second mass production stages were analyzed using conventional statistical and statistical process analysis methods. The conventional statistical results indicated that the second mass production stage was better than the initial mass production stage. In cases of a control chart and process capability of tensile adhesion strength, the process quality level was also improved by following the mass production stages. The improvement was caused by process stabilization and work skill elevation. These results and methods are expected to be conducted and utilized in the third mass production stage. Moreover, quality improvement of K5 gas mask mass production can be achieved using the Lean 6 sigma procedure, MDAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control).

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.36-51
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• 2016

This study assessed urban flood risk using a Bayesian probability statistical method and GIS incorporating a climate change scenario. Risk is assessed based on a combination of hazard probability and its consequences, the degree of impact. Flood probability was calculated on the basis of a Bayesian model and future flood occurrence likelihoods were estimated using climate change scenario data. The flood impacts include human and property damage. Focusing on Seocho-gu, Seoul, the findings are as follows. Current flood probability is high in areas near rivers, as well as low lying and impervious areas, such as Seocho-dong and Banpo-dong. Flood risk areas are predicted to increase by a multiple of 1.3 from 2030 to 2050. Risk assessment results generally show that human risk is relatively high in high-rise residential zones, whereas property risk is high in commercial zones. The magnitude of property damage risk for 2050 increased by 6.6% compared to 2030. The proposed flood risk assessment method provides detailed spatial results that will contribute to decision making for disaster mitigation.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.287-298
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• 2005

This study was carried out to offer the raw data on conservation of land and natural environment by constructing groups of indicators to objectively and rationally assess the sustainable natural ecosystem and present the direction for establishing and planning the environmental policy. There were selected that four assessment items were biotic, abiotic, qualitative, and functional factor. And there were extracted fifty-six indicators including density, total nitrogen, hemeroby degree, and goods production. As assessment items and indicators were over 0.6, the design of questionnaire showed no great problem. In the results of correlation analysis of assessment indicators, sociality and dominance was highly correlative in biotic factor, soil property and aspect in abiotic factor, naturalized and urbanized index in qualitative factor, and protection of landslide and soil erosion were too correlative. In the results of deciding the dimension by multidimensional scaling, as stress values were from 0.042 to 0.133, index of fit over 0.9, there no statistical problems. In case of X axis, biotic factor was structure, viewpoint in abiotic factor, composition in qualitative factor, and object in functional factor, and Y axis was shaped Into form, range, structure, and activity.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.143-152
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for air pollutant exposure modelling and understanding the contribution of respective microenvironments by assessing the time-activity patterns of Korean students according to variables such as grade, sex, weekday, and weekend. Methods: In this study, we compared the residential time of 521 (both weekday and weekend) lower elementary students, 1,735 (1,054 on weekdays, 681 on weekends) upper elementary students, 2,210 (1,294 on weekdays, 916 on weekends) middle school students, and 2,366 (1,387 on weekdays, 979 on weekends) high school students in different microenvironments according to grade, sex, weekday, and weekend. We used data from the 2014 Time-Use Survey by the Korean National Statistical Office for upper elementary students through high school students, and surveyed time-activity patterns of 521 lower elementary students aged 7-9 years. Each microenvironment was divided into indoor, outdoor, and transport. Indoor environments were divided into home, school, and other places. In addition, the results of previous studies were compared to this study. Results: Weekday time-activity patterns of Korean students indicated that lower elementary students spent $16.02{\pm}2.53hr$ in the home and $5.37{\pm}2.32hr$ in school. Upper elementary students spent $14.11{\pm}1.79hr$ in the home and $6.27{\pm}1.37hr$ in school. Middle school students spent $12.83{\pm}2.22hr$ in the home and $7.48{\pm}1.88hr$ in school. High school students spent $10.65{\pm}2.86hr$ in the home and $10.23{\pm}2.86hr$ in school on weekdays. High school students spent the least amount of time in the home and the most time in school compared to other grades Conclusions: Students spent most of their time indoors, including in the home, school, and other indoors. On weekdays, as the grade increases, home residential times were decreased and school residential times were increased. Differences in time-activity patterns according to sex were not found for either weekdays or weekends. It is estimated that Korean students could be affected by school indoor air quality. High school students could be most affected by school indoor air quality since they spent the most time at school.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.159-169
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to assess the vulnerability of forest ecosystem to climate change in South Korea using socio-environmental indicators and the results of two vegetation models named as Hydrological and Thermal Analogy Group(HyTAG), and MAPSS-Century 1(MC1). The changing frequency and direction of biome types estimated by HyTAG model was used for quantifying sensitivity and adaptive capacity of forest distribution. Similarly, the variation and changing tendency of net primary production and soil carbon storage estimated by MC1 model was used for quantifying sensitivity and adaptive capacity of forest function. As socio-environmental indicators, many statistical data such as financial autonomy rate and the number of forestry officer was prepared. All indicators were standardized, and then calculated using the vulnerability assessment equation. The period of vulnerability assessment was divided into the past(1971-2000) and the future(2021-2050). To understand what policy has a priority to climate change, distribution maps of each indicators was depicted and the vulnerability results were compared among administrative districts. Evident differences could be found in entire study area. These differences were mostly derived from regionalspecific adaptive capacity. The result and methodology of this study would be helpful for the development of decision-making supporting system and policy making in forest management with respect to climate change.