• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.151-164
• /
• 2010

Objective:Korea has 3,170 islands with about 188,000 inhabitants. These inhabitants' needs for health services might go unmet because of geographic isolation, slimmer availability of health services, and higher proportion of the elderly compared with the mainland population. Unmet health service needs might result in serious health problems for these island residents. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate their unmet health service needs and related factors from population of Nowha island. Methods: The survey was conducted from July 30 to August 1 by trained interviewers. Target population were residents in Nohwa island and the sampling method was incomplete quota sampling. General characteristics, socioeconomic status, utilization of health service, and unmet medical service needs were investigated. First univariate and then multivariate logistic analyses were done for the statistical analysis. Results: 324 residents were surveyed and the proportion of unmet health services needs was 26.5%. People living alone and of female sex had increased health services needs based on univariable analysis. From the multivariate analysis, those living alone increased the health services needs. Self-determined low socioeconomic status and medical aid increased the proportion of unmet medical needs, but these were not statistically significant. Conclusion:In Nowha island, those who are elder, and of lower socioeconomic status had much higher unmet medical needs. The results suggest the need for more social support by qualified health services to solve this unmet medical needs problem.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.143-173
• /
• 2012

We investigated environmental problems related to clothing, and attempted their practical solutions using Future Problem Solving Program in order to cultivate the creative character in teenagers. We applied "teaching and learning plans" to seventy-seven the first graders of high school students in 2 classes in Gyeonggi-do, one hour per day for 3 weeks, from August 23 to September 8 2011. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS for Windows software(version 17.0). Mean differences in results between pretest and posttest were evaluated using Student's t-test. We selected 'production of fabrics, production of clothing, disposal and recycling of clothing and washing of clothing' as the learning theme in educational content factors of 'clothing culture in consideration of environment'. And we developed thirteenth teaching and learning plans and educational materials including 4 problems, 2 worksheets, 10 team worksheets, 7 video materials and 7 Power Point materials using Future Problem Solving Program(FPSP). The measurements of fluency, flexibility, originality and problem-solving ability are significantly improved. The level of creativity in the items of fluency, flexibility and originality, in particular, exhibited marked improvement, 'below-average' to 'above-average', regardless of academic records and gender. Problem-solving ability in female students was more effective than that of male, but it showed no significant correlation with academic records. The analysis of character-change showed the highest improvement in the awareness on the protection of environment, the character factor in the educational contents. Personalities, confidence, consideration and cooperation in learning method of FPSP also exhibited a significant improvement. But character-change did not correlate with academic records or gender. In the present study, we found that home economics has a positive effect on cultivating creative character. When we selectively and properly apply a course of creative problem-solving of FPSP and a course of creative output to students, we can increase their ability to solve problems, cultivate their creative character and further enhance their interest on home economics.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.695-707
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate relationships among gifted students' perceived parental behavior of their parents, self-esteem, and emotional intelligence. The sample includes 91 6th-11th grade gifted students enrolled at a gifted program in a University. The surveys, administered in March, 2012, assess self-esteem, emotional intelligence, and the parental behavior of the parents of gifted students. Data were collected and analyzed by the researchers, using SPSS 18.0. The results are as follows: 1) Each of the 10 item's mean score is over 4.0, and the total mean scores on self-esteem is 4.36 out of 5 (SD=.546), showing positive responses. 2) The mean scores of two aspects of emotional intelligence were close to 4, showing positive perception. 3) The mean scores on perception of a father's and a mother's behavior are at 3.89 and 4.10, respectively; the three factors of perception among fathers (care, trust, and respect) are close to 4.0, while care (3.57) was somewhat low; the perception among mothers is at 4.31 (care), 4.20 (lesson), 4.01 (respect), and 3.96 (trust), showing statistical differences between fathers and mothers. 4) The correlation existed between self-esteem and emotional intelligence, between self-esteem and the four aspects of parental behavior, and between emotional intelligence and parental behavior. 5) Regression analyses showed that respect (${\beta}$=.422, p<.001) among fathers, and trust (${\beta}$=.450, p<.001) among mothers affected students' self-esteem; lessons (${\beta}$=.414, p<.001) and trust (${\beta}$=.280, p<.01) among fathers and lessons (${\beta}$=.450, p<.001) and respect (${\beta}$=.331, p<.01) among mothers affected students' emotional intelligence. The implication of this study, limitation, and future study ideas are suggested at the end of this paper.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.15-21
• /
• 2006

Introduction: The objective of the present study was to investigate bedtime, rise time and time-in-bed of Korean college students, separately on weekday and on weekend and to compare them. In addition, this study also aimed to evaluate the influence of gender, age and grade on the above sleep parmeters in Korean college students. Methods: Information regarding bedtime and rise time, separately on weekday and on weekend, of Korean college students were obtained by self-administered questionnaire. Questionnaires of 1,825 students (1,416 females and 409 males, age 18-30；mean age $21.1{\pm}2.2$) were used for statistical analyses. Results: Korean college students retired to bed 50 minutes later (00：49 on weekday；01：40 on weekend；t=39.67, p<0.001), rose 1 hour 58 minutes later (07：52 on weekday；09：50 on weekend；t=39.46, p<0.001), and slept 1 hour 8 minutes longer (t=13.33, p<0.001) on weekend. Compared to male students, female students had earlier rise time (t=8.96, p<0.01；t=3.89, p<0.01) and earlier bedtime both on weekday and weekend (t=7.10, p<0.01；t=6.04, p<0.01), and shorter time-in-bed on weekday (t=1.99, p<0.01). In addition, rise time delay and time-in-bed increase on weekend were more prominent in female students than in male students (t=3.41, p<0.01; t=3.68, p<0.01). Grade was correlated with bedtime and rise time on weekday (${\beta}=0.1022$, p<0.01；${\beta}=0.1009$, p<0.01), bedtime and time-in-bed on weekend (${\beta}=0.1096$, p<0.01；${\beta}=-0.0990$, p<0.01), and differences between week-day and weekend of the rise time and the time-in-bed (${\beta}=-0.0906$, p<0.01；${\beta}=-0.1115$, p=0.02). Conclusions: In this study, Korean college students had earlier bedtime/rise time and shorter time-in-bed on weekday than on weekend. These findings suggest that weekday sleep-wake schedule of Korean college students may be advanced relative to their biological sleep-wake cycle and that this discrepancy may be associated with weekday sleep deprivation. In addition, differences of sleep patterns between weekday and weekend were more prominent in female students and students with lower grade. Therefore, discrepancy between weekday sleep-wake schedule and biological sleep-wake cycle, as well as weekday sleep deprivation, might be more serious in female or lower-grade students.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.13 no.7
• /
• pp.3403-3408
• /
• 2012

The molecular mechanisms involved in the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs) are still unclear. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationships between expression of RALYL and clinical characteristics. In 41 paired samples of ccRCCs and adjacent normal tissues, we used real-time qPCR to evaluate the expression of RALYL mRNA. RALYL protein levels were determined in 146 samples of ccRCC and 37 adjacent normal tissues by immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis was used to explore the relationships between expression of RALYL and the clinical characteristics (gender, age, tumor size, T stage, N stage, M stage, survival times and survival outcome) in ccRCC. In addition, these patients were follow-up period 64 months (range: 4~116months) to investigate the influence on prognosis. We found significantly differences between ccRCC tissues and normal tissues (p<0.001, paired-sample t test) in mRNA levels of RALYL. Immunohistochemistry analyses in 146 ccRCC samples and 37 adjacent normal tissues showed significantly lower RALYL protein levels in ccRCC samples (${\chi}^2$-test, p<0.001), inversely correlating with tumour size (p=0.024), T stage (0.005), N stage (p<0.001) as well as M stage (p=0.019), but not age (p=0.357) and gender (p=0.348). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that people with lower level of RALYL expression had a poorer survival rate than those with a higher level of RALYL expression, significantly different by the log-rank test (p=0.011). Cox regression analysis indicated that RALYL expression (p=0.039), N stage (p=0.008) and distant metastasis (p<0.001) were independent prognosis factors for the overall survival of ccRCC patients. We demonstrated that the expression of RALYL was significantly low in ccRCC and correlated with a poor prognosis in a large number of clinical samples. Our findings showed that RALYL may be a potential therapeutic target as well as a poor prognostic factor.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.46 no.1
• /
• pp.33-36
• /
• 2003

Purpose : We evaluated clinical manifestations and laboratory findings in patients with measles according to age distribution. Methods : Retrospective analyses were performed using medical records of patients with measles admitted to The Catholic University of Korea, Daejon St. Mary's Hospital from October 2000 to May 2001. We divided the patients with measles into three age groups, i.e., those who were under two years of age(159 patients), those between 9-11 years of age(39 patients), and those older than 16 years of age who were hospitalized in the department of internal medicine(young adult group; 23 patients). We compared clinical and laboratory characteristics among these three groups. Results : Almost all patients with measles were presented with fever, skin rash and cough. No statistical differences were present between the three groups in total fever duration, number of hospitalization days, complications determined with longer hospitalization for more than eight days, and positive values of anti-measles IgM. Patients under 2 years of age showed statistically higher levels of white bood cell and lymphocyte counts. However, neutropenia and lymphopenia were observed in all age groups compared with age-matched standard values. Campared with the other two age groups, the young adult group showed a higher mean level of liver enzymes(AST/ALT) and more patients with a level twice as high as the normal values. Conclusion : Clinical manifestations including complications according to age groups showed no significant differences in patients with measles. Hepatic involvement was more prevalent in the young adult group.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.10 no.E
• /
• pp.332-342
• /
• 1994

Hierarchical cluster and factor analyses were used to identify various influences on free tropospheric air samples at Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii during MLOPEX. The cluster analysis separated thirteen chemical and meteorological variables into three characteristic groups (1)clean air, (2)anthropogenically influenced air, (3)marine and volcanic influenced air. The cluster analysis results compared well with those of factor analysis. Six independent components were identified in factor analysis. We have related these components to (1)volcano influenced air, (2)stratosphere-like air, (3)boundary-layer air with recent anthropogenic influence, (4)photochemical haze, (5)marine boundary- layer air, and (6)modified marine tropospheric air. Excluding local influence, we could calculate the nighttime free tropospheric values for $O_3$(41$\pm$10 ppbv), HN $O_3$(94$\pm$45 pptv), N $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ (16$\pm$10 ppbv), S $O_4$$^{[-10]}$ (60$\pm$0 pptv), N $H_4$$^{＋}$(71$\pm$6 pptv), N $a^{＋}$(5$\pm$1 pptv), PAN(13$\pm$9 pptv), MeN $O_3$(3.5$\pm$1.5 pptv), 2-butyl N $O_3$(0.6$\pm$0.1 pptv), $H_2O$$_2$(1015$\pm$44 pptv), $C_2$C $l_4$(3.3$\pm$0.1 pptv), condensation nuclei(249$\pm$13c $m^{-3}$), and dew point(-8.5$\pm$5.3$^{\circ}C$) during this experiment..

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.1084-1091
• /
• 2002

Mortierella alpina, a common soil fungus, is the most efficient organism for production of production acid presently known. Since arachidonic acid are important in human brain and retina development, it was undertaken the growing effect containing diet as a food ingredient. Arachidonic acid rich oil derived from Mortierella alpina, was subjected to a program of studies to establish for use in diet supplement. This study was compared the growth and learning effect of fungal oil rich in arachidonic acid by incorporated into diets ad libitum. Sprague-Dawley rats received experimental diets 5 groups (standard AIN 93 based control with beef tallow, extract oil 8%, and 4%, and Mortierella alpina in diet 10% and 20%) over all experiment duration (pre-mating, mating, gestation, lactation, and after weaning 4 weeks). Pups born during this period consumed same diets after wean for 4 weeks. There was no statistical significance of diet effects in reproductive performance and fertility from birth to weaning. But the groups of Mortierella alpine diet were lower of weight gain and diet intake after weaning. The serum lipids were significantly different with diet groups, higher TG in LO (oil 4%) group of dams, and higher total cholesterol in LF (M. alpina 10%) of pups, although serum albumin content was not significantly different in diet group. The spent-time and memory effect within 4 weeks of T-Morris water maze pass test in dam and 7-week- age pups did not differ in diet groups. On the count of backing error in weaning period of pups was lower in HO(extracted oil 8%) group. In the group of 10% and 20% Mortierella alpina diet, DNA content was lower in brain with lower body weight, but liver DNA relative to body weight was higher than control. Further correlation analyses would be needed DNA and arachidonic acid intakes, with Mortierella alpina diet digestion rate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.44 no.12
• /
• pp.1881-1894
• /
• 2015

The objective of this study was to provide information on difficulty of performing tasks, degree of task satisfaction, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention as well as investigate correlations among these factors. Data were collected on employees working at Centers for Children's Foodservice Management, which had been operating for over 6 months until December 2013. The recruitment period was from December 16, 2013 to January 30, 2014. A total of 228 employees (79.7%) participated in the study, and 227 completed questionnaires were analyzed. Statistical analyses were performed on the data utilizing the SPSS V20.0 and AMOS V21.0 programs. The main results of this study were as follows: task satisfaction of employees in charge of 'visiting-teaching' for children was highest (4.24 points), whereas that of employees in charge of financial management was lowest (2.92 points). In terms of evaluation of job satisfaction factors, the score of 'co-worker' was highest (3.99 points) while that of 'payment' was lowest (2.45 points). Average scores of general job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention were 3.56 points, 3.54 points, and 3.07 points, respectively. Job achievement was the most significant influencing factor on general job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention. According to the path analysis results, the degree of task satisfaction affected job satisfaction. Organizational commitment had a more significant effect on turnover intention than job satisfaction and mediate both job satisfaction and turnover intention. Although employees of CCFSMs endeavor to improve the quality of child-care facility foodservice, some facilities do not. Controlling turnover intention of employees is especially critical for CCFSMs since it is important for each employees to form strong bonds with child-care facilities as well as to shorten the time required to train new employees. Thus, job satisfaction, which is related to organizational commitment and turnover intention, can be improved by considering poorly scored job satisfaction factors such as wage or workload.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.45 no.6
• /
• pp.894-902
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze the attributes considered as important by parents in the selection of laver for infants through conjoint analysis techniques. A total of 917 questionnaires were distributed in January 2016, of which 211 were completed (23.0%). Statistical data analyses were performed using SPSS/Win 21.0 for descriptive statistics and conjoint analysis. The conjoint design was applied to evaluate the hypothetical laver for infants. According to the analysis of attributes and levels of laver for infants, the relative importance of each attribute was follows: seasoning (26.55%), flavor (19.33%), texture (18.75%), oil (15.15%), size (10.61%), and certification (9.61%). The results of the conjoint analysis indicate that parents raising infants preferred laver with the characteristics of non-seasoning, general flavor, softness, half-size, organic certification, and perilla oil. The most preferred laver for infants gained a 53.7% potential market share from choice simulation compared with laver being sold. Using utility and relative importance, the laver market for infants was classified into two segments. As a result of market segmentation, parents of cluster 1 preferred the laver model being sold (soy seasoning) while parents of cluster 2 preferred the optimized laver model (non-seasoning).