• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.641-665
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• 2014

This paper presents the analytical solutions for the size-dependent static analysis of the functionally graded (FG) beams with various boundary conditions based on the nonlocal continuum model. The nonlocal behavior is described by the differential constitutive model of Eringen, which enables to this model to become effective in the analysis and design of nanostructures. The elastic modulus of beam is assumed to vary through the thickness or longitudinal directions according to the power law. The governing equations are derived by using the nonlocal continuum theory incorporated with Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. The explicit solutions are derived for the static behavior of the transversely or axially FG beams with various boundary conditions. The verification of the model is obtained by comparing the current results with previously published works and a good agreement is observed. Numerical results are presented to show the significance of the nonlocal effect, the material distribution profile, the boundary conditions, and the length of beams on the bending behavior of nonlocal FG beams.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1999년도 학회창립 10주년 기념 1999년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.119-122
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• 1999

In this paper, the properties of concrete used recycled aggregate are analyzed. The specimens are manufactured for the compressive strength of 210㎏/㎠ with recycled aggaregate ratio of 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%, respectivey. At curing 28days, compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, dry-shrinkage, static modulus of elasticity and poission's ratio have been tested according to replacement ratio of recycled aggregate.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2001년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.221-224
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• 2001

In this paper, the properties of concrete using recycled fine aggregate are anlyzed. Five different contents. 0%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of recycled concrete were used for this study. At curing 280days, compressive strength, dry-shrinkage, static modulus of elasticity and poission's ratio have been tested according to replacement ratio of recycled fine aggregates.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.3-12
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• 1994

This study employed the Eshelby's equivalent inclusion method incorporated with mean field theory to investigate the Internal stress of short fiber-reinforced metal matrix composites during static loading and the dynamic finite element analysis by using alternative unit cell model to investigate the impact behaviors during the impact loading. Using the 2124 Al-SiC system as an example, the general effects of parameters such as fiber's aspect ratio, content and modulus were examined.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.120-130
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• 1996

본 연구는 세골재는 사용하지 않고 인공경량조골재로써 팽창점토와 경석을 사용하여 제작된 인공경량골재 콘크리트의 응력-변형율특성을 구명하기 위하여 실시되었으며, 시험을 통하여 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 동탄성계수는 인공경량조골재인 팽창점토와 경석을 사용한 경우 $1.9{\times}10^5kg/cm^2$과 $2.0{\times}10^5kg/cm^2$으로 나타났으며, 경석을 사용한 경우가 5%정도 크게 나타났다. 2. 정탄성계수는 팽창점토 및 경석을 사용한 경우 $1.8{\times}10^5kg/cm^2$과 $1.6{\times}10^5kg/cm^2$으로 나타났으며, 정탄성계수는 동탄성계수보다 10~30%정도 작게 나타났다. 3. 사용골재에 따른 하중-이력곡선은 하중이 증가하여 최대하중에서 파괴가 이루어진 후 급격히 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 특히 기포제를 첨가한 경우는 최대하중에서 파괴된 이후에도 상당시간 내하능력을 유지하는 것으로 나타났다. 4. 응력-변형율곡선은 사용골재의 종류에 관계없이 응력의 증가와 함께 증가하여 최대하중에서 파괴가 된 후 급격히 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 취성이 크다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 5. 최대응력하에서의 변형율은 팽창점토를 사용한 경우 $1.7{\times}10^{-3}$, 경석을 사용한 경우는 $2.83{\times}10^{-3}$로써, 팽창점토보다 경석을 사용한 경우의 변형율이 66%정도 크게 나타났다.

• 임산에너지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.8-16
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• 2003

경남 진주시 가좌동에 위치한 남부임업시험장내의 생육이 양호한 1년산, 2년산, 3년산의 맹종죽을 이용하여 2001년 6월부터 다음해인 2002년 5월까지 실험을 실시하여 죽령과 벌채시기(달별)에 따른 물리적ㆍ기계적 성질에 대한 실험 결과는 다음과 같다. 생장부위에 따라서는 상부위에서 밀도, MOEs, MOE/sub d/의 값이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 또한 전체 밀도와 3년생의 MOEs와 MOE/sub d/는 벌채시기가 늦어질수록 점차적으로 그 값이 증가하였다. 그러나 함수율과 1, 2년산의 맹종죽재에서는 뚜렷한 차이점을 보이지 않아 죽령과 벌채시기에 따라서는 아무런 경향을 나타내지 않았다. MOEs와 MOE/sub d/의 상관관계에 있어서 r값은 생재가 0.88, 기건재가 0.92로 나타났으며, MOE/sub d/가 MOEs의 값보다 생재가 18.5%, 기건재가 7%정도 높게 나타났다. 또한 죽령과 벌채시기에 따른 MOEs와 MOE/sub d/가 거의 동일한 경향으로 매우 잘 대응하여 맹종죽재의 탄성적 성질을 평가하는데 있어서 공진주파수를 이용한 비파괴 측정법이 일반 소재와 마찬가지로 맹종죽재의 경우에도 이용 가능하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.315-327
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 제재부산물인 톱밥과 농업부산물인 왕겨의 이용방안을 검토하고자 친환경재료인 숯을 첨가하여 밀도별, 혼합비율별로 혼합보드를 제조하고 휨성능을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 톱밥과 왕겨 및 숯의 첨가율을 50:20:20, 수지첨가율을 10%로하여 밀도별로 제조한 혼합보드의 밀도가 0.5 g/cm³에서 0.7 g/cm³로 증가할수록 휨강도는 0.42~3.24 N/mm², 동적탄성계수는 94.5~888.4 N/mm² 그리고 정적탄성계수는 31.4~220.7 N/mm²의 범위를 나타내, 밀도가 증가할수록 휨성능이 증가하여 밀도가 휨성능에 크게 영향을 끼쳤다. 밀도 0.6 g/cm³, 톱밥첨가율을 50%로 하고, 왕겨와 숯의 첨가율을 달리하여 제조한 보드에서 숯의 첨가율이 증가할수록 휨성능이 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 왕겨 및 숯의 첨가율과 휨강도, 공진주파수, 동적 및 정적 휨 탄성계수사이의 관계는 결정계수의 값(R²)은 각각 0.4562, 0.4310, 0.4589, 0.5847으로 다소 낮은 상관관계를 나타내 첨가율이 휨성능에 끼치는 영향은 적은 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.439-459
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• 2013

Main objective of the present study is to determine the statistical properties and suitable probability distribution functions of spectral displacements from nonlinear static and nonlinear dynamic analysis within the frame work of Monte Carlo simulation for typical low rise and high rise RC framed buildings located in zone III and zone V and designed as per Indian seismic codes. Probabilistic analysis of spectral displacement is useful for strength assessment and loss estimation. To the author's knowledge, no study is reported in literature on comparison of spectral displacement including the uncertainties in capacity and demand in Indian context. In the present study, uncertainties in capacity of the building is modeled by choosing cross sectional dimensions of beams and columns, density and compressive strength of concrete, yield strength and elastic modulus of steel and, live load as random variables. Uncertainty in demand is modeled by choosing peak ground acceleration (PGA) as a random variable. Nonlinear static analysis (NSA) and nonlinear dynamic analysis (NDA) are carried out for typical low rise and high rise reinforced concrete framed buildings using IDARC 2D computer program with the random sample input parameters. Statistical properties are obtained for spectral displacements corresponding to performance point from NSA and maximum absolute roof displacement from NDA and suitable probability distribution functions viz., normal, Weibull, lognormal are examined for goodness-of-fit. From the hypothesis test for goodness-of-fit, lognormal function is found to be suitable to represent the statistical variation of spectral displacement obtained from NSA and NDA.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2006년도 정기 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.906-913
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• 2006

The failure mechanism of a hollow bridge deck which is made of glass fiber reinforced polymer(GFRP) is investigated using both experiments and analysis. While the load-displacement behavior of the deck in the transverse direction shows a strong nonlinearity even in its initial response with relatively small magnitude of loads. In order to imporve the structural behavior of the deck in the transverse direction, we suggested that the empty space of the bridge deck is filled with a foam and investigated experimentally the static behavior of the orthotropic bridge deck which is made from GFRP and polyurethane foam. It is found that although the elastic modulus of the foam compared to that of the GFRP is about the order of $10^{-3}$, the structural behaviors in the weak axis such as nominal strength, stiffness, etc. are greatly improved. Owing to the low mass density of the foam used in this study, the bridge deck is still light enough with the improved structural properties.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.165-190
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• 2018

In this article, the static behavior of non-prismatic sandwich beams composed of functionally graded (FG) materials is investigated for the first time. Two types of beams in which the variation of elastic modulus follows a power-law form are studied. The principle of minimum total potential energy is applied along with the Ritz method to derive and solve the governing equations. Considering conventional boundary conditions, Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind are used as auxiliary shape functions. The formulation is developed within the framework of well-known Timoshenko and Reddy beam theories (TBT, RBT). Since the beams are simultaneously tapered and functionally graded, bending and shear stress pushover curves are presented to get a profound insight into the variation of stresses along the beam. The proposed formulations and solution scheme are verified through benchmark problems. In this context, excellent agreement is observed. Numerical results are included considering beams with various cross sectional types to inspect the effects of taper ratio and gradient index on deflections and stresses. It is observed that the boundary conditions, taper ratio, gradient index value and core to the thickness ratio significantly influence the stress and deflection responses.