• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.59-71
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• 2015

Purpose : This study examines the effect of vibration exercise grafting PNF patterns for 6 weeks on upper body stability and equilibrium for seniors having fifteen or over of MMSE-K. Method : A total of 10 senior citizens participated in this study. Each participant performed PNF patterned exercises using vibration sports equipment for 30 minutes, once static a week, for six weeks. We measured trunk stability and balance degree before and after the six-week exercise program. Motor Assessment Scale (MAS) was used to measure trunk stability, while Functional Reach Test (FRT) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) was used to measure balance degree. The collected data was processed using paired t-test to confirm the difference between pre-program conditions and post-program conditions. Results: The results of our study show that post-program trunk stability measurements increased when compared to pre-program data; however, this increase was not statistically significant. pre and post-measurements for satatic balance and dynamic balance were statistically unchanged. Conclusion: Due to limitations in the number of participants, the procedural design of this experiment, and the limited amount of time participants actually controlled, this study failed to produce statistically significant results. However, further study should be conducted using a systematically implemented exercise program to show support for exercising with flexi-bar as an effective program for the elderly.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.134-142
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• 2012

본 연구는 탄현 에이스 11차 아파트에 위치한 14m 높이의 L형 옹벽의 장기 경사 계측치에 대한 System Identification연구로써, 옹벽구조물이 운용 중에 어떤 하중상태에서 어떻게 거동하는지를 이해하고, 이를 바탕으로 최적 모델을 규명하고, 최종적으로 옹벽의 이상상태를 판단할 수 있는 기준치를 제시하고자 하였다. 본 옹벽은 도심에 위치한 옹벽으로써는 보기 드물게 높고(14m), 인접한 건물과의 거리가 짧아서 붕괴 발생 시 큰 피해 가능성이 있다. 3개의 경사계로와 9개의 대기, 표면, 내부온도계로 구성된 경사 모니터링 시스템이 2004년 10월에 설치되어 2007년 7월까지 운용되었다. 모든 12 채널의 센서가 정상적으로 계측된 5개월 간의 연속된 데이터를 사용하여 두 가지 모델 1) 선형모델과 2) 상태방정식모델에 대하여 system identification을 수행하였다. 가용한 입력온도는 총 9이고, 이로부터 조합 가능한 총 511개의 입력온도 경우의 수에 대하여 규명데이터를 사용하여 시스템규명을 수행하고, 검증데이터에 대한 Fitness를 사용하여 최적모델을 선정하였다. 선형모델은 모델구조가 간단하지만 thermal dynamics를 표현하지 못하고, 약 68%의 Fitness를 얻을 수 있었고, 상태방정식 모델은 모델구조가 상대적으로 복잡하지만 thermal dynamics를 표현할 수 있고, 약 90%의 Fitness를 얻었다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.103-114
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• 2006

강제 진동 실험은 구조물의 수학적 모델과 실제 모델의 상관관계를 입증하여 구조물의 성능을 정확히 평가하기 위해 중요하기 때문에, 동적 및 정적 가진 실험을 통해 구조물의 내진성능을 평가하는 다양한 기법이 사용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 복합 질량형 감쇠기(Hybrid Mass Damper, HMD)를 이용하여 지진하중을 모사하는 실물크기 철골조 구조물의 강제진동실험이 수행되었다. ANSYS를 사용하여 구조물의 유한요소 해석모델을 구축하였고, 강제진동 실험을 통해 얻은 계측데이터를 사용하여 이 해석모델을 갱신하였다. 의사 지진 가진 실험은 HMD에 의해 유도된 층응답이 실험을 통해 갱신된 유한요소모델을 사용한 수치해석 응답과 일치함을 보여준다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.155-164
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• 2015

In this paper, two rotor configurations including different amount of magnet and reluctance parts are presented. The rotors are constituted by means of a flexible hybrid motor structure. Considerable features of the hybrid structure are that the combination of the magnet and reluctance parts can be suitably modified and the mechanical angle (${\beta}$) between the parts can also be varied. Two hybrid rotor configurations have been considered in this study. First, finite element (FE) simulations were carried out and the torque behaviors of the motors were predicted. The average torque ($T_{avg}$) and maximum torque ($T_{max}$) curves were obtained from FE simulations in order to find suitable ${\beta}$. Mathematical model of the motors was formed in terms of a,b,c variables considering the amount of the magnet and reluctance parts on the rotor and simulations were performed. Rotor prototypes, motor drive and drive method were introduced. Torque profiles of the motors were obtained by static torque measurement and loaded tests were also realized. Thus, simulation results were verified by experimental study. There is a good match between predictions and measurements. The proposed motors are operated with electrical $120^{\circ}$ mode as a brushless DC motor (BLDC) and torque versus speed characteristics show a compound DC motor characteristic. The motors can be named as brushless DC compound motors.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.2601-2610
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• 2013

정밀단독측위(PPP)의 정확도에 영향을 주는 주요변수는 위성궤도력의 정확도, 위성시계오차, 관측자 환경에 종속된 오차(전리층 및 대기층 지연, multipath, tides 등) 및 이들과 관련한 모호정수의 해석 문제 등이다. 따라서 정밀단독측위의 정확도를 향상시키기 위해서는 여러 주파수의 GNSS 관측 자료에 정밀한 위성궤도 및 시계 보정정보와 관측자에 종속된 보정정보를 적용하여 전리층지연 및 모호정수를 실시간 해석해야 한다. 현재, 지역 및 광역 실시간 GNSS 관측망으로 부터 정밀 보정정보를 제공하는 여러 해석센터가 있다. 본 연구는 지역 또는 광역 GNSS 관측망의 해석센터들로부터 산출된 RTCM 보정정보를 NTRIP으로 수신하여 실시간으로 검사점에 개별 및 조합 적용하고 표준단독측위(SPP) 및 다양한 보정정보의 적용에 따른 정밀단독측위의 정확도를 시간대별로 비교 분석하여 GNSS위성에 의한 실시간 절대측위의 정확도를 검토하였다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.1025-1031
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• 2007

GPS is widely used for positioning applications and attitude of a vehicle can be found also with multiple antennas. However, extremely weak signal level prevents GPS from indoor operation. DR with accelerometers and gyros and landmark based localization method used for indoor applications increase complexity and cost. In this paper, a simple but very efficient ultrasound based attitude determination system which determines both position and attitude in WSN is given. The range between transmitter and receivers are measured using the arrival time difference between ultrasound and RF signal. The 3 dimensional positions can be found using more than 3 range measurements. Furthermore, if more than 2 transmitters are used, the attitude can be determined using the baseline vectors obtained by differencing transmitter and receiver positions. The prototype system is implemented to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. In addition, an error analysis shows the relation between the attitude error and basel me length, quality of measurement and orientation of a vehicle. The static and dynamic experiments performed by micro mobile robot shows accurate position with less than 1.5cm error and attitude with less than 1 degree error can be obtained continuously with 20cm baseline. It is expected that these results can be adapted without modification to indoor applications such as home cleaning robot and autonomous wheelchair maneuvering.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.305-323
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine breast shape and ratio of breast enlargement women prior to development of breast enlargement patient's bra. Background: Although there are many previous studies on women's breast that did not undergo breast augmentation surgery, no studies have examined the breast type and proportion of women with breast augmentation. Method: In this study, we analyzed ratios and angles with photographs taken before and after breast augmentation on the frontal and lateral views of the breast, UPF and projection were analyzed too. We also compared the pre-operative and post-operative rates with those of previous breast studies, as well as the post-operative breast types for the desirable breast types. Results: The length and width of the breast base and the height of the breast projection increased after the operation. The rate of increase in width is larger than the vertical distance in the breast base, and the rate of increase in height of the projection is larger than the increase in the width. Specifically, in the vertical distance, the rate of increase in the lower portion is larger than that in the upper portion. In the width, the rate of increase on the inside is larger than that on the outside. Conclusion: The angles of the static relationship with the projection increased and the angles of the minor relation decreased. The changes in the size of the breast were visually observed in the overlapping of the triangle shape before and after the surgery. The changes were composed of the line connecting the angle and the measurement points. The pre-operative upper pole fullness (UPF) was mostly 0 and - 1, but after the surgery, +1, 0, -1, +2 were distributed, while post-operative levels of projection were distributed in the order of level 3> level 1> level 2. In comparison with the desirable breast type, it was found that the anatomical type was a more natural breast type than the round type of implant. Application: These results can be useful as basic data for the breast analysis of breast enlargement patients and their bra patterns.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.3046-3070
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• 2017

Nowadays, the utilization of multiprocessor environments has been increased due to the increase in time complexity of application programs and decrease in hardware costs. In such architectures during the compilation step, each program is decomposed into the smaller and maybe dependent segments so-called tasks. Precedence constraints, required execution times of the tasks, and communication costs among them are modeled using a directed acyclic graph (DAG) named task-graph. All the tasks in the task-graph must be assigned to a predefined number of processors in such a way that the precedence constraints are preserved, and the program's completion time is minimized, and this is an NP-hard problem from the time-complexity point of view. The results obtained by different approaches are dominated by two major factors; first, which order of tasks should be selected (sequence subproblem), and second, how the selected sequence should be assigned to the processors (assigning subproblem). In this paper, a hybrid proposed approach has been presented, in which two different artificial ant colonies cooperate to solve the multiprocessor task-scheduling problem; one colony to tackle the sequence subproblem, and another to cope with assigning subproblem. The utilization of background knowledge about the problem (different priority measurements of the tasks) has made the proposed approach very robust and efficient. 125 different task-graphs with various shape parameters such as size, communication-to-computation ratio and parallelism have been utilized for a comprehensive evaluation of the proposed approach, and the results show its superiority versus the other conventional methods from the performance point of view.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.141-145
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• 2018

Purpose: Changes in the curvature of the vertebral columns of elderly women with increasing age causes various side effects and disorders. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the 8-figure scapular brace to improve pulmonary function and balance ability based on lung capacity and foot pressure by increasing the vertebral curvature. Methods: Seventeen elderly women with a forward head posture were selected. Women were asked to wear the 8-figure scapular brace and the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were measured, as were changes in foot pressure. Measurements were conducted three times each and the mean values were used for subsequent analyses. For static evaluation, we used the paired t-test to identify differences between pre and post values. Results: There was no significant difference in FEV1 and FVC before and after use of the brace (p>0.05); however, there was a significant decrease in forefoot pressure and an increase in rearfoot pressure following application of the brace (p<0.05). Conclusion: Application of the 8-figure scapular brace to correct vertebral curvature in elderly women influenced pressure distribution change from immediate effect body arrange of cervical and thoracic. However, wearing the 8-figure scapular brace may interfere with expansion of the chest and therefore respiratory muscle activity. Accordingly, it is necessary to apply appropriate treatment when wearing a scapular brace and to allow a sufficient intervention period while also providing therapeutic interventions such as posture correction or respiration training.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.101-115
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• 2017

This study classified social stratum variables of adults in their 20s to 50s by subjective and objective measurements and classified leisure activities into groups to examine the conspicuous consumption of leisure apparel. A total of 365 adults in their 20s to 50s living in Daegu and the Kyungbuk area were selected considering their jobs and residences. SPSS PC+ 20.0 was used to analyze the data with frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability examination, cluster analysis, ANOVA, Duncan-test, Scheffe-test, and ${\chi}^2-test$. The results of this study are shown as follows. First, 'Jogging/Walking' was found to be the most favorable activity in the examination of leisure sports activities among the participants and showed a difference in gender. Second, leisure activities were pastime-culture activity, sports activities, static activity, volunteering, and relaxing, and these activities were grouped into non-participant, active and passive leisure activities. Conspicuous consumption of leisure apparel was classified into personality oriented, luxury goods-oriented, and other people-oriented. Third, there was a significant difference in the sub-factors of the conspicuous consumption of leisure apparel (personality oriented, luxury goods-oriented, other people-oriented) according to the sub-factors of subjective stratum(economic power, social position, level of consumption, cultural level and overall stratum consciousness). Fourth, there was significance in the objective social stratum variable by the types of leisure activities. Significant differences were found in personality orientation, luxury goods-oriented, and other people-oriented in conspicuous consumption of leisure apparel by the types of leisure activities. Finally, there were significant differences in economic power, level of consumption, cultural level of subjective social stratum by gender, sports activities and volunteering in leisure activities, as well as other people-oriented conspicuous consumption of leisure apparel. This study also found significant differences in economic power, level of consumption and cultural level of social stratum by age, as well as other people-oriented conspicuous consumption of leisure apparel.