• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.28-35
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• 2007

In this paper, a study was made of the technology used to measure the remaining amount of energy in secondary cells, for which demand is ever increasing. First, the standard data were stored for measurement of the remaining energy and a compare/analysis algorithm was developed. Next, hardware was designed and a prototype that can display the SOC(State Of Charge) through an LCD displayinstrument was created. The small size of the prototype allows it to be portable and its performance is within ${\pm}4$[%].

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.32-40
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• 2018

There has been an measuring errors between state of charge (SOC; kg) value and mass flow meter (MFM) value in dispenser for hydrogen refueling station. Finally, we observed average 15.5% weight difference between these two values and the MFM readings show a 15.5% higher readout of the SOC readings. Each car was charged with average 2.66 kg of hydrogen fuel during this period. In the initial charging of the day shows less measuring value than the final charging with the maximum 0.038 kg times number of filling. There is no effects of atmosphere temperature change for the hydrogen filled weight during one full year such as January's cold winters and August's hot summers.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.631-636
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• 2018

This paper proposed an optimal operation strategy for a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) with a lithium-ion battery and lead-acid battery for mild hybrid electric vehicles (mild HEVs). The proposed mild HEV system is targeted to mount the electric motor and the battery to a conventional internal combustion engine vehicle. Because the proposed mild HEV includes the motor and energy storage device of small capacity, the system focuses on low system cost and small size. To overcome these limitations, it is necessary to use a lead acid battery which is used for a vehicle. Thus, it is possible to use more energy using HESS with a lithium battery and a lead storage battery. The HESS, which combines the lithium-ion battery and the secondary battery in parallel, can achieve better performance by using the two types of energy storage systems with different characteristics. However, the system requires an operation strategy because accurate and selective control of the batteries for each situation is necessary. In this paper, an optimal operation strategy is proposed considering characteristics of each energy storage system, state-of-charge (SOC), bidirectional converters, the desired output power, and driving conditions in the mild HEV system. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated through several case studies with respect to energy capacity, SOC, battery characteristic, and system efficiency.

• 한국조명전기설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국조명전기설비학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.317-320
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• 2008

This paper presents the battery management system(BMS) for the optimum conditions of the lead-Acid battery in UPS. The proposed system controls the over and under currents of battery for protecting and it was applied algorithm for optimum conditions to estimate the State Of Charge(SOC) and State Of Health(SOH) in charge or discharge mode. It approved the performance and the algorithm for the estimation of SOH, through the experiments which using the charge and discharge tester and the field tests.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2014년도 전력전자학술대회 논문집
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• pp.257-258
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 직류 마이크로그리드 시스템에서의 분산 에너지 저장장치 시스템을 위한 제어 알고리즘을 제안한다. 각 에너지 저장장치의 전력 분배를 위해 state of charge (SOC)와 배터리 노화에 따른 용량 변화를 고려한 적응 드룹 제어 방식을 제안한다. 각 에너지 저장장치의 SOC에 따라 오프셋 전압을 변화시킴으로써 각 에너지 저장장치 간의 SOC 밸런싱을 유지한다. 또한, 에너지 저장장치의 용량 변화에 따라 드룹 기울기 변수를 변화시켜, 노화에 따른 전력 분배를 유지하도록 한다. 48V 직류배전 시스템의 시뮬레이션을 통해 제안된 제어방법을 검증한다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2004년도 학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.410-413
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• 2004

In this paper, a simulator system for Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles(FCHEV) is implemented using DSP boards with CAN bus. The subsystems of a FCHEV i.e., the fuel cell system, the battery system, the vehicle dynamics with the transmission mechanism are coded into 3 DSP boards. The power distribution control algorithm and battery SOC control are also coded into a DSP board. The real-time monitoring program is also developed to examine the control performance of power control and SOC control algorithms.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2012년도 전력전자학술대회 논문집
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• pp.413-414
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 C-rate, 온도, SOC (State-of-Charge, 잔존용량)를 고려하여 NiMH 배터리를 모델링하였고, 시뮬레이션 결과를 배터리 실험 결과와 비교하였다. 제안한 배터리 모델은 1차 테브난 등가회로를 기반으로 구성하였으며 Matlab/Simulink 환경에서 구현하였다. 모델을 구현하기 위한 실험으로는 정전류, 펄스전류 실험을 하여 가변온도와 다양한 C-rate에서 변하는 파라미터를 도출하였고, 도출한 파라미터는 룩업 테이블을 이용하여 배터리 모델에 적용하였다. 제안된 배터리 모델을 짧은 시간동안 불규칙하게 변하는 전류 패턴에 대한 시뮬레이션과 실험 파형을 통하여 배터리 모델의 성능을 검증하였다.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제7권7호
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• pp.785-793
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• 2006

The topic of this study is the control strategy of a mild hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) equipped with a continuously variable transmission (CVT). A brief powertrain and vehicle configuration is introduced followed by the control strategy of the HEV with emphasis on two key parts. One of them is an ideal operating surface (IOS) that operates the CVT powertrain optimally from the viewpoint of the tank-to-wheel efficiency. The other is a charge sustaining energy management to maintain the battery state of charge (SOC) within an appropriate level. The fuel economy simulation results of the HEV over standard driving cycles were compared with those of the baseline vehicle. Depending on the driving cycle, 1.3-20% fuel saving potential is predicted by the mild hybridisation using an integrated starter alternator (ISA). The detailed energy flow analysis shows that the majority of the improvement comes from the idle stop function and the benefits for electrical accessories. Additionally, the differences between the initial and the final SOC are in the range $-1.0{\sim}+3.8%$ in the examined cycle.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2015년도 전력전자학술대회 논문집
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• pp.465-466
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• 2015

배터리 관리시스템(BMS;battery management system)의 중요 고려요소인 SOC(state-of-charge) 및 SOH(state-of-health)의 전기적 등가회로 모델 기반 고성능 추정의 전제 조건은 배터리 단자전압의 안정된 실험데이터 확보이다. 그러나, 예상치 않은 에러로 인해 배터리 단자전압에 노이즈 성분이 포함될 경우 SOC 및 SOH 추정알고리즘의 성능저하가 우려된다. 이를 위해, 본 논문은 이산 웨이블릿 변환(DWT;discrete wavelet transform)의 다해상도 분석(MRA;multi resolution analysis) 레벨에 따른 디노이징 최적 성능을 소개하고자 한다. 하드 임계화(hard-thresholding) 및 소프트 임계화(soft-thresholding) 기법에 따른 디노이징 성능 차이를 보이고, 각 임계화 기법 적용 시 디노이징 최적 성능을 보이는 레벨을 선택한다.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2017년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.137-138
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 각형 형태의 120Ah 고용량 배터리 ($LiNiMnCoO_2$; NMC)의 내부 파라미터 추출을 통해 배터리 관리 시스템(battery management system;BMS)에 중요한 팩터로 0.1C 및 0.25C 방전 조건에서 확장칼만필터(extended Kalman fileter;EKF) 기반으로 SOC(state-of-charge)를 추정하였다.