• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.18-35
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• 1999

Coptidis Rhizoma, Fraxini Cortex, Jinpisan(秦皮散) have been as eye washes of inflammatory eye disease in the oriental medicine. Especially Jinpisan(秦皮散) has been used for the disease which is similar to Peudomonas aeruginisa keratitis. This research was attempted to investigate the effect of Coptidis Rhizoma, Fraxini Cortex, Jinpisan(秦皮散), on Peudoronas aeruginisa keratitis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis causes a deep rapid intense ulceration which often leads to perforation of the cornea within 48 hours. In this research, we induced keratits in the rabbits by inoculating Pesudomonas aeruginosa(9027) and observed the effect on the keratitis and the irritation against the external eye. Also we mesured the minimum inhibitory consentration(MIC) of Coptidis Rhizoma, Fraxini Cortex, Jinpisan(秦皮散) by agar diliution method and the anti-bacterial activites by disk method. The tested bacteria were as follows : a) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9027), b) Streptococcus pneumoniae(6303), c) Staphylococcus epidermidis(12228), d) Staphylococcus aureus(6538P). The results were as follows ; 1. The groups which were applied eye washes of Fraxini Cortex, Jinpisan reavealed a significant effect, but the group applied eye wash of Coptidis Rhizoma reveaded no effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis. 2. Applying eye washes of Coptidis Rhizoma, Fraxini Cortex, Jinisan revealed an irritation against external eyes. 3. Coptidis Rhizoma showed an anti-bacterial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylucoccus aureus by agar diliution method 4. Coptidis Rhizoma showed an anti-bacterial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus by disk method. 5. Fraxini Cortex showed an anti-bacterial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus by agar diliution method 6. Fraxini Cortex showed an anti-bacterial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Sireptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphy1ococcus aureus by disk method. 7. Jinpisan showed an anti-bacterial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus by agar diliution method. 8. Jinpisan showed an anti-bacterial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus by disk method. According to the above results, Fraxini Cortex, Jinpisan(秦皮散) are recognized to have an effective treatment on the Pesudomonas aeruginosa keratitis, so this experiment is thought to be a basic ingredient in proving the effect of Fraxini Cortex, Jinpisan which is applied many in documents and clinical medicine. In the comparison of anti-bacterial activity and results of treatment on the Pesudomonas aeruginosa keratitis, Jinpisan(秦皮散) was more effective than Coptidis Rhizoma, Fraxini Cortex.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.475-478
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• 1989

돼지로 부터 분리한 Staphylococcus hyicus subsp hyicus 489주의 혈청형을 자가생산한 인자혈청을 이용한 평판응집반응으로 동정하였다. 분리균의 혈청형은 A(16.8%), C(20.4%), D(9.4%), E(7.2%), F 형(29.2%) 및 미분류형(17.0%)으로 동정되었으며, 돼지의 건강상태, 신체부위 및 연령에 관계없이 F형의 분포가 가장 높았다.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.27-29
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• 2004

The essential oil fractions from six plant parts including leaf of Zanthoxylum piperitum and flower of Lindera obtusiloba have revealed to possess resistance inhibitory activity on antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus SA2 when combined with ohloramphenicol (Cm). The combination of Cm and essential oil mixtures showed potent resistance inhibition in the level of 10∼20 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.99-107
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• 2008

Objectives : This experimental study was performed to investigate the effect of herbal eye drops(Sean-tang, Jinpi-san, Tangpo-san, Copitdis Rhizoma) on Staphylococcus aureus keratitis. Methods : After administering various herbal eye drops on Staphylococcus aureus, I measured MIC and the size of inhibition zone. MIC was measured by dropping from 20 to $50{\mu}{\ell}$ according to density. Anti-bacterial potency was measured by the size of inhibition zone with change of volume under 2 days culture condition. Also continuous antibacterial potency of herbal eye drops was measured by the size of inhibition zone according to 2 days and 6 days culture each under the $50{\mu}{\ell}$condition. Results : 1. MIC on Staphylococcus aureus in Sean-tang, Jinpi-san and Tangpo-san was 100%, $20{\mu}{\ell}$. 2. MIC on Staphylococcus aureus in Coptidis rhizoma was 10%, $30{\mu}{\ell}$. 3. MIC on Staphylococcus aureus in Cravit was 0.1%, $50{\mu}{\ell}$. 4. Under the 2 days culture condition, the size of inhibition zone on Staphylococcus aureus by volume for Sean-tang was 12.0mm in $50{\mu}{\ell}$, Jinpi-san was 19.0mm in $50{\mu}{\ell}$, Tangpo-san was 15.0mm in $50{\mu}{\ell}$, Coptidis rhizoma was 32.7 mm in $50{\mu}{\ell}$ and Cravit was 31mm in $50{\mu}{\ell}$, Coptidis rhizoma showed the highest anti-bacterial potency. 5. Under the $50{\mu}{\ell}$ condition, the size of inhibition zone on Staphylococcus aureus by 2 and 6 culture days for Sean-tang was 12.0mm, Jinpi-san was 19.0mm, Tangpo-san was 15.0mm, Coptidis rhizoma was 32.7mm and Cravit was 31.0 mm, which showed sameness anti-bacterial potency in 2 days and 6 days. Conclusions : The present author think that the herbal eye drops can be used to cure Staphylococcus aureus keratitis and if further study is performed, the use of the herbal eye drops will be valuable and beneficial in the clinical medicines.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2003

Most of food poisoning is frequently raised from mass catering. Especially, staphylococci takes the large part of pathogenic agents which are related to the hygienic condition. Among total 98 samples, four staphylococci were isolated from food service environment such as drinking water (A), hands (D), refrigerator and apron (E) of 5 elementary school (A, B, C, D, E) in Gyeongnam Province. These isolated strains are characterized as 1 MRCNS (Methicilline Resistant Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus aureus) and 3 MSCPS (Methicilline Sensitive Coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus). Also, production of enterotoxin B (sob gene) were examined by PCR which has known as a big problem because of their temperature resistance. Hence, PCR was performed on isolated 4 staphylococci. The all 4 isolated Staphylococcus aureus have 477 bp of seb gene. Antibiotics susceptibility test was completed on PCR detected strains. All strains were fully resistance to ampicillin and penicillin. The drinking water of A place has resistance to oxacilline, therefore this strain turned out to be MRSA (Methicilline Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.1351-1356
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• 2003

Antibacterial activities of Chinese cabbage kimchi juice were determined against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538p, Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076, Vibrio parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802 and Enterobater cloacae ATCC 13047. It was found out that 2% content of Chinese cabbage kimchi juice reduced the colony numbers of Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076, Enterobater cloacae ATCC 13047, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538p and Vibrio parahemolyticus ATCC 17802 by 63%, 72%, 76% and 90%, respectively. 6% content of Chinese cabbage kimchi Juice completly inactivated Vibrio parahaemolyticus. But at the same content (6%) of Chinese cabbage kimchi juice, colony number of Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076 Enterobater cloacae ATCC 13047 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538p were reduced to 11%, 10% & 9%, respectively.10% Chinese cabbage kimchi juice had 100% inhibitory effect on all test bacteria. Therefore, Chinese cabbage kimchi has effective antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538p, Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076 Vibrio parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802 and Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 13047.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.21-33
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• 2009

Objective : This experimental study was performed to investigate the safety of Soyeom Pharmacopunture solution manufactured by extraction of alcohol and water. To identify the use of it as eyedrops, the eye irritation test of rabbits and antibacterial test of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, and Candida albicans was performed. Methods : 1. The eye irritation test of this material was performed according to the Regulation of Korea Food & Drug Administration(2005. 10. 21, KFDA 2005-60). After Soyeom pharmacopuncture solution was administered in the left eye of the rabbits, eye irritation of the cornea, iris and conjunctiva was observed at 1, 2, 3, 4 & 7day. 2. After administering Soyeom Pharmacopuncture solution on bacterial species (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Candida albicans) which cause Keratitis, MIC(Minimum Inhibition Concentration) and the size of inhibition zone were measured. Anti-bacterial potency was also measured using the size of inhibition zone. Results : 1. After Soyeom pharmacopuncture solution was administered in the left eye of the rabbits, it was found that none of nine rabbits have abnormal signs and weight changes. 2. After Soyeom pharmacopuncture solution was medicated in the left eye of the rabbits, no eye irritation of the cornea, iris and conjunctiva was observed at 1, 2, 3, 4 & 7day. 3. There was no response to MIC on bacterial species (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Candida albicans) after Soyeom pharmacopuncture solution was medicated. Conclusions : The present study suggests that Soyeom pharmacopuncture solution is a non-toxic and non-irritant medicine, which does not cause eye irritation in rabbits, but dosen't have anti-bacterial effects on bacterial species which cause Keratitis. These study result recommends that more research on other herbal medicines of eye drop for Keratitis are required.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.6.1-6.11
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• 2024

Background: Chronic bovine mastitis is linked to biofilm-producing Staphylococcus aureus (bp-Sa) or Staphylococcus coagulase-negative (bp-Scn). Objectives: Bp-Sa and bp-Scn were treated with intramammary preparations of either enrofloxacin HCl·2H₂O-dimethyl-sulfoxide-chitosan (enro-C/DMSO/chitosan) or enro-C alone. Their potential to inhibit and degrade biofilm formation in vitro was also assessed. Methods: Milk samples were obtained from the affected quarters in a herd. Phenotypical and genotypical identifications as biofilm-producing Staphylococcus species were carried out. Enro-C/DMSO/chitosan and enro-C alone were assessed to determine their in vitro efficacy in interfering with biofilm formation and their bactericidal effects. A prolonged eight-day treatment with a twice-daily intramammary insertion of 10 mL of enro-C/DMSO/chitosan or enro-C alone was set to evaluate the clinical and bacteriological cures on day 10 in 15 cows per group and the biofilm-inhibiting ability. Results: Fifty-seven percent of the isolates were identified as Staphylococcus spp., of which 50% were bp-Sa, 46% bp-Scn, and 4% Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. One hundred percent of the S. aureus isolated and 77% of Staphylococcus coagulase-negative were biofilm producers. In both groups, the icaA and icaD biofilm-producing genes were identified. The experimental preparation could inhibit biofilm formation, degrade mature biofilms, and have well-defined microbicidal effects on planktonic and biofilm bacteria. The respective clinical and bacteriological cure rates were 100% and 80% for enro-C/DMSO/chitosan and 41.7% and 25% for enro-C alone. Conclusions: Enro-C/DMSO/chitosan eliminates bp-Sa and bp-Scn from cases of chronic bovine mastitis.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.143-147
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• 1991

Between June and August 1990, the tonsils of 86 healthy pigs were examined for the presence of staphylococci. All of the pigs examined harboured Staphylococci in the tonsils, the most predominant Staphylococcus species was Staphylococcus aureus(45.3%) followed by Staph hyicus subsp chromogenes (20.9%), Staph hyicus subsp hyicus (16.3%), Staph hominis(4.7%), Staph simulans(2.3%) and Staph xylosus(1.2%), Unidentifiable species were isolated from 3(3.5%) of the 86 tonsils examined. Thirty-nine strains of Staph aureus were subjected to the biotyping scheme of Hajek & Marsalek all the strains were classified as biotype B.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.353-356
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• 2005

This study was performed to examine the antibacterial efecacy of topical agent extracted from Phellodendri cortex, Forsythia fructus and Glycyrrhizae radix as an alternative dermatological agent. Also, the most efficacious concentration of this agent and the skin-contact time inhibiting the vegetation of bacterial cells in various dilutions were determined. Five strains of Staphylococcus intermedius were exposed to various dilutions of this agent. The efficacy was assessed after exposure for time periods varying between 0 and 30 min. The antibacterial efficacy was shown to be the strongest at dilution of 1: 2. The number of viable organisms decreased significantly after 8 minutes of exposure time and was the smallest after 30 minutes of exposure time. This alternative dermatological agent is considered to be effective against Staphylococcus intermedius and has a potential to be a new topical agents far the treatment of pyoderma in dogs.