• 산업공학
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.421-428
• /
• 2001

The economic effects of informatization are differently occurred according to industry types. Thus an evaluation methodology which reflects the industry type characteristics of informatization is needed. In this paper, we develop and analyze the indices for evaluating economic effects through informatization according to industry types, such as manufacturing, construction, financial services and marketing services. The factors related to performance of enterprise informatization can be defined as cost factors, effect factors, risk factors and influence factors. Effect factors are defined as quantitative or qualitative performance of informatization and classified into operational effect factors and strategic effect factors. The influence factor is defined as characteristics of informatization for industry types, that is, value chain of business and business products or services. Economic effect indices are classified according to the activity of business value chain. Economic effects indices of this research can be expected to play a role of general and standardized factors for economic evaluation of industry informatization.

• 한국가구학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.17-25
• /
• 2004

In this study, web-sites of home furniture business in Korea have been investigated to understand the conditions for the activation of e-marketing activities. Contents of seven businesses that have been selected for the study was analyzed in three aspects: utility, value of entertainment and structure. Result of the study showed that in the aspect of utility, the web-sites were desired to provide customers with more detail and diverse information rather than simply present description and prices of the products for the purpose of promotion. In the aspect of entertainment value, it was found that the information on the web-sites lacked diversity, originality and expertism, thus requiring for an independent contents development in a way that arouse interest in the web-sites. In the aspect of structure, the web-sites were desired to have interface easy to access and with strong absorption force. To sum up, the examined web-sites were required to diversify their standardized contents in a way that reflects identity of the business and meets diverse needs of customers.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.66-73
• /
• 2014

목적: 골육종에 대한 술전 항암화학요법의 효과를 조기에 비침습적으로 평가하기 위해 다양한 영상 진단 기법들을 사용해 왔다. 저자들은 골육종에 대한 술전 항암화학요법의 효과를 예측하는 데 있어 단순 촬영 및 양전자 방출 단층 촬영과 같은 영상 검사들의 효용성을 평가하고 양성자 방출 단층 촬영에서 얻어진 값들을 해석하는 데 있어서의 통칙을 정해 보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2주기 술전 항암화학요법 후 외과적 절제를 시행한 18명의 골육종 환자들을 대상으로 하였다. 남자 13명, 여자 5명이었으며, 연령의 중위수는 19세였다. 술전 항암화학요법의 전후로 단순 촬영 및 양전자 방출 단층 촬영을 시행하였다. 절제된 종양에 대해 병리검사를 시행하여 조직학적 반응 등급을 확인하였다. 조직병리학적 괴사 정도와 방사선학적 소견, 술전 항암화학요법 후 최대 표준섭취계수(maximum standardized uptake value), 평균 표준섭취계수(average standardized uptake value), 대사종양용적(metabolic tumor volume) 및 해당 값들의 감소율에 대해 통계학적 분석을 시행하였다. 결과: 조직학적 평가 상, 8명의 환자에서 술전 항암화학요법에 대해 좋은 반응을 확인하였다. 최대 표준섭취계수 감소율의 중위수는 좋은 반응을 보인 군에서 74 (23-77) %였고, 나머지에서 42 (-32-76) %였다. 대사종양용적 감소율의 중위수는 좋은 반응을 보인 군에서 93.5 (62-99) %였고 나머지에서 46 (-81-100) %였다. 방사선학적 소견의 범주는 조직학적 반응에 따른 차이가 없었지만 (p=1.0), 최대 표준섭취계수의 감소율은 유의한 차이를 보였다(p=0.041). 대사종양용적의 감소율 차이는 통계학적 유의성에 근접하였다(p=0.071). 결론: 본 연구에서 방사선학적 소견의 범주는 골육종에 대한 술전 항암화학요법의 효과를 평가하는 데 있어 신뢰할 수 없었지만, 최대 표준섭취계수는 유용한 척도였다. 양전자 방출 단층 촬영에서 얻어지는 값들은 여러 요인에 의해 영향을 받으므로, 각 기관은 기왕의 연구들을 참고로 각자의 판단 기준을 마련하기 위해 노력해야만 한다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
• /
• 제9권9호
• /
• pp.117-122
• /
• 2018

본 연구는 PET-CT 검사를 시행할 때 치과보철물에 의해 발생되는 CT의 HU(Hounsfield Unit) 값을 금속의 종류에 따라 측정하고, PET 영상의 왜곡정도와 표준섭취계수(SUV)의 변화를 확인하여 영상 판독 시 오류의 감소방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 실험방법은 실제 치아와 메탈 크라운, 골드크라운, 티타늄, 지르코니아의 치과보철물을 이용하여 PET-CT 검사를 실시하였다. 일반 치아와 비교한 결과 HU 값이 증가함에 따라 SUV 값이 증가되는 것을 확인하였고, 메탈 크라운, 티타늄, 지르코니아의 SUV 값은 37% 정도 증가되었고, 골드 크라운에서는 45.4%로 가장 많이 증가했다. 그리고 일반치아, 메탈크라운, 티타늄, 지르코니아에서 영상 왜곡은 미미했지만, 골드 크라운에서는 선속경화현상이 심하게 발생하였고, 영상 왜곡이 나타났다. 따라서 치과보철물의 금속종류는 SUV 값에 영향을 미치기 때문에 치과 보철물 중에서 골드 재질을 사용한 환자를 진단할 때에는 영상 판독 시 보정된 PET 영상보다는 NAC(무보정) PET 영상을 확인한다면 판독에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.691-699
• /
• 2013

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the metabolizable energy (ME) value, standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) of soybean meal (SBM), soy protein concentrate (SPC) and fermented soybean meal (FSBM), and the application of these products in early-weaned piglets. In Exp. 1, four barrows with initial body weight (BW) of $14.2{\pm}1.4$ kg were used in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. The diet 1 contained corn as the only energy source. The other three diets replaced 25% of corn in diet 1 with one of the three soybean products, and the digestable energy (DE) and ME contents were determined by difference. In Exp. 2, four barrows (initial BW of $18.2{\pm}1.5$ kg) were fitted with ileal T-cannulas and allotted to a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. Three cornstarch-based diets were formulated using each of the soybean products as the sole source of AA. A nitrogen-free diet was also formulated to measure endogenous losses of AA. In Exp. 3, ninety six piglets (initial BW of $5.6{\pm}0.9$ kg) weaned at $21{\pm}2$ d were blocked by weight and assigned to one of three treatments for a 21-d growth performance study. The control diet was based on corn and SBM, the two treatments' diets contained either 10% SPC or FSBM and were formulated to same SID lysine to ME ratio of 3.6 g/Mcal. The results showed that the ME content of SPC was greater than SBM (p<0.05). The SID of most AA in SPC was greater than the SID of AA in SBM (p<0.05). For the essential AA, the SID of histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine and threonine in FSBM were greater than in SBM (p<0.05). Even though they were fed same SID lysine to ME ratio of 3.6 g/Mcal diets, pigs fed SPC and FSBM diets had greater weight gain, G:F (p<0.05) and better fecal score (p<0.05) than pigs fed SBM diet. In conclusion, SPC showed a higher ME content and SID of AA than the SBM. SID of some essential AA in FSBM was higher than SBM and was similar with SPC. But the lower antigenic proteins and anti-nutritional factors content in SPC and FSBM may be the main factors affecting the performance of early-weaned piglets rather than the increased ME content and SID of AA.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.205-212
• /
• 2006

연구 배경: 고립성 폐결절의 30%~40%는 악성결절의 가능성이 높다. 따라서 고립성 폐결절의 악성감별이 무엇보다 중요하다. 최근 PET/CT가 악성 감별에 널리 사용되며, 또한 그 중요성이 커지고 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 integrated PET/CT의 여러 인자들을 비교하여 고립성 폐결절의 악성 여부를 구별하는데 유용한 지표를 찾기 위한 것이다. 재료 및 방법: 2005년 12월부터 2006년 4월까지 3 cm 미만의 고립성 폐결절로 내원한 환자 19명을 대상으로 하였다. 환자는 integrated PET/CT의 최대 SUV는 FDG 주입 후 1 시간, 2 시간에 측정하였다. 또한 대상 환자 모두 경피세침술로 조직검사를 하였다. Levene's test를 이용하여 integrated PET/CT에서, 조직검사로 확인된 양성결절과 악성결절의 SUV1, SUV2, 보존지수(retention index)의 차이를 비교하였다. 성적: 조직검사 결과 12명이 악성결절로 확인되었고, 7명은 양성결절로 진단되었다. SUV1(p=0.006)과 SUV2(p=0.022)는 양성결절보다 악성결절에서 높았으며 이들 값은 통계적으로 유의하였으나 보존지수는 유의한 차이가 없었다(p=0.526). ROC 곡선을 이용한 양성결절과 악성결절을 구분하는 기준값은 SUV1은 5.40, SUV2는 7.45였다. 이때 SUV1의 민감도는 66.7%, 특이도는 71.4%였으며, SUV2의 민감도는 75%, 특이도는 71.4%였다. 결론: 이상의 결과로 integrated PET/CT에서 일반적으로 널리 사용하고 있는 SUV1은 양성결절과 악성결절을 구별하는데 있어 유용하다는 것을 확인할 수 있었고, 아직 많이 연구되지 않은 SUV2 또한 통계학적으로 의미 있는 차이를 보임을 알 수 있었다. 양성결절과 악성결절을 구분하는 기준값은 각각 5.40, 7.45였다. 연구결과 고립성 폐결절의 악성여부를 구별하는데 SUV1, SUV2 모두 유용하게 사용될 수 있으나 SUV2가 SUV1에 비교하여 특이도는 같으나 더 높은 민감도를 나타내었다.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제29권7호
• /
• pp.978-986
• /
• 2005

The color of apparel products have a close relationship with the face skin colors of consumers. In order to extract the favorable colors which flatter to consumer's face skin colors, this study was carried our to classify the face skin colors of Korean females. The criteria that select new subjects who have the classified face skin colors have to be decided. With color spectrometer, JX-777, face skin colors of subjects were measured and classified into three clusters that had similar hue, value and chroma with Munsell Color System. Sample size was 324 Korean females and other new 10 college girls. Data were analyzed by K-means cluster analysis, ANOVA, Duncan multiple range test, Stepwise discriminant analysis using SPSS Win. 12. Findings were as follows: 1. 324 subjects who have YR colors were clustered into 3 face skin color groups. 2. Discriminant variables of face skin colors were 5 variables : b value of cheek, V value of forehead, L value of cheek, C value of forehead and H value of cheek by the standardized canonical discriminant function coefficient 1. 3. Hit ratio of type 1 was $96.8\%$, of type 2 was $94.9\%$, of type 3 was $100.0\%$ and mean of hit ratio was $96.9\%$ by canonical discriminant function of 5 variables. 4. With the unstandardized canonical discriminant function coefficient and constant, canonical discriminant function equation 1 and 2 were calculated. And cutting score and range of score of the classified types were computed. The criteria that select the new subjects were decided.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.279-294
• /
• 1995

The purpose of this study was to determine values and value changes in clinical nurses in clinical situations. A survey was conducted of 200 nurses of one of university hospital in Seoul Korea. This study was conducted between July 1 and July 5, 1994, using the Survey of Interpersonal Values (SIV) developed by L. V. Gordon, and standardized for Korea by Kyung Hye Lee & Eung Yun Hwang. The results of the study were as follows, 1. The clinical nurses surveyed showed Independence(18.32 : 63rd percentile) as their highest value, with Support(14.8 : 62nd percentile) next and then Benevolence(16.28 53rd percentile), Leadership(9.06 : 46th percentile), Conformity(18.15 : 42nd percentile) and Recognition(18.32 : 41s1 percentile) in that order in the area of general values. Using a standardised women's value Indicator, the clinical nurses value orientation was within the 32nd∼69th percentile indicating means found among Korean women in general. 2. Looking at how the values were related to demographics, Leadership was most highly valued among the 30∼34 year olds and least valued among the 25∼29 year olds. Unmarried nurses valued Independence more than married nurses did, and junior college graduate nurses valued Conformity more than baccalaureate graduate nurses did. 3. The study showed that the values of with less than one year (16.00) clinical experience were higher than those who had over 10 years (13.60) clinical experience (p<.05). Therefore clinical experience did not positively influence value orientation for clinical nurses. 4. There was no significant differences in the value of nurses in relation to their workplace, their level of motivation, or their aptitude. The study shows that clinical nurses have similar values compared with ordinary Korean women. This means that professional nurses may not be able to satisfy client needs and also that they do not have satisfaction and a positive attitude regarding the nursing profession. Therefore it is suggested that new strategies and continuing education programs be established to help clinical nurses fomulate higher values.

• Clinical Nutrition Research
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.320-335
• /
• 2023

Literature showed that soluble fiber has beneficial effects on cardiometabolic risk factors and leptin and adiponectin serum levels. Our aim in this meta-analysis was to determine the effect of soluble fiber supplementation on leptin and adiponectin serum levels. A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science for eligible trials up to December 2021. A random-effects model was used to pool calculated effect sizes. Our analysis showed that soluble fiber supplementation did not significantly affect adiponectin (standardized mean difference [SMD], -0.49 Hedges's, 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.20, 0.21, p value = 0.167; I² = 95.4, p value < 0.001) and leptin (SMD, -0.8 Hedges's, 95% CI, -1.70, 0.08, p value = 0.076; I² = 94.6, p value < 0.001) concentrations in comparison with placebo. However, in the subgroup, soluble fiber supplementation had a significant improvement in leptin concentration in overweight and obese patients (SMD, -0.22 Hedges's, 95% CI, -0.43, -0.01, p value = 0.048) and a non-significant beneficial effect in adiponectin level in female (SMD, 0.29 Hedges's, 95% CI, -0.13, 0.71, p value = 0.183) and diabetic patients (SMD, 0.32 Hedges's, 95% CI, -0.67, 1.32, p value = 0.526). A non-linear association between soluble fiber dosage and adiponectin (p_{non-linearity} < 0.001) was observed. Soluble fiber supplementation could not change the circulatory leptin and adiponectin levels. However, beneficial effects were seen in overweight and obese leptin, and increases in adiponectin may also be observed in female and diabetic patients. Further studies are needed to confirm this results.

• 수산경영론집
• /
• 제46권2호
• /
• pp.59-74
• /
• 2015

This study aims to estimate optimal harvesting production, fishing efforts, and stock levels of yellow croaker caught by the offshore Stow Net and the offshore Gill Net fisheries using the current value Hamiltonian method and the surplus production model. As analyzing processes, firstly, this study uses the Gavaris general linear model to estimate standardized fishing efforts of yellow croaker caught by the above multiple fisheries. Secondly, this study applies the Clarke Yoshimoto Pooley(CY&P) model among the various exponential growth models to estimate intrinsic growth rate(r), environmental carrying capacity(K), and catchability coefficient(q) of yellow croaker which inhabits in offshore area of Korea. Thirdly, the study determines optimal harvesting production, fishing efforts, and stock levels of yellow croaker using the current value Hamiltonian method which is including average landing price of yellow croaker, average unit cost of fishing efforts, and social discount rate based on standard of the Korean Development Institute. Finally, this study tries sensitivity analysis to understand changes in optimal harvesting production, fishing efforts, and stock levels of yellow croaker caused by changes in economic and biological parameters. As results drawn by the current value Hamiltonian model, the optimal harvesting production, fishing efforts, and stock levels of yellow croaker caught by the multiple fisheries were estimated as 19,173 ton, 101,644 horse power, and 146,144 ton respectively. In addition, as results of sensitivity analysis, firstly, if the social discount rate and the average landing price of yellow croaker continuously increase, the optimal harvesting production of yellow croaker increases at decreasing rate and then finally slightly decreases due to decreases in stock levels of yellow croaker. Secondly, if the average unit cost of fishing efforts continuously increases, the optimal fishing efforts of the multiple fisheries decreases, but the optimal stock level of yellow croaker increases. The optimal harvest starts climbing and then continuously decreases due to increases in the average unit cost. Thirdly, when the intrinsic growth rate of yellow croaker increases, the optimal harvest, fishing efforts, and stock level all continuously increase. In conclusion, this study suggests that the optimal harvesting production and fishing efforts were much less than actual harvesting production(35,279 ton) and estimated standardized fishing efforts(175,512 horse power) in 2013. This result implies that yellow croaker has been overfished due to excessive fishing efforts. Efficient management and conservative policy on stock of yellow croaker need to be urgently implemented.