• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.652-658
• /
• 2016

Twenty $Pelibuey{\times}Katahdin$ ewes ($35{\pm}2.3kg$) were used to determine the effects of the consumption of standardized plant extract containing a mixture of quaternary benzophenanthridine alkaloids and protopine alkaloids (QBA+PA) on growth performance, dietary energetics, visceral mass, and ruminal epithelial health in heat-stressed ewes fed with a high-energy corn-based diet. The basal diet (13.9% crude protein and 2.09 Mcal of net energy [NE] of maintenance/kg of dry matter) contained 49.7% starch and 15.3% neutral detergent fiber. Source of QBA+PA was Sangrovit RS (SANG) which contains 3 g of quaternary benzophenathridine and protopine alkaloids per kg of product. Treatments consisted of a daily consumption of 0 or 0.5 g SANG/ewe. Ewes were grouped by weight and assigned to 10 pens (5 pens/treatment), with two ewes per pen. The experimental period lasted 70 days. The mean temperature humidity index during the course of this experiment was $81.7{\pm}1.0$ (severe heat stress). There were no treatment effects on water intake. Dry matter intake was not affected (p = 0.70) by treatments, but the group fed SANG had a numerically (11.2%) higher gain in comparison to the control group, SANG improved gain efficiency (8.3%, p = 0.04), dietary NE (5.2%, p<0.01) and the observed-to-expected NE (5.9%, p<0.01). Supplemental SANG did not affect ($p{\geq}0.12$) carcass characteristics, chemical composition of shoulder, and organ weights (g/kg empty body weight) of stomach complex, intestines, and heart/lung. Supplemental SANG decreased liver weight (10.3%, p = 0.02) and increased visceral fat (16.9%, p = 0.02). Rumen epithelium of ewes fed SANG had lower scores for cellular dropsical degeneration (2.08 vs 2.34, p = 0.02), parakeratosis (1.30 vs 1.82, p = 0.03) and neutrophil infiltration (2.08 vs 2.86, p = 0.05) than controls. It is concluded that SANG supplementation helped ameliorate the negative effects of severe heat on growth performance of feedlot ewes fed high-energy corn-based diets. Improvement in energetic efficiency may have been mediated, in part, by anti-inflammatory effects of supplemental SANG and corresponding enhancement of nutrient uptake.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.38 no.6
• /
• pp.829-834
• /
• 2006

LP-BM5 murine leukemia retrovirus induces the immune dysfunction by imbalanced secretion of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the murine AIDS model. In the present study, it was investigated whether pycnogenol (Pyc) administration could deactivate $NF-{\kappa}B$ to regulate the gene expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in C57BL/6 mice with murine AIDS. Treatment with Pyc for 12 weeks significantly inhibited the loss of body weight and enlargement of spleen and lymph node usually seen with AIDS. Moreover, Pyc increased the plasma level of Th1 cytokines, IL-2 and $IFN-{\gamma}$, while reducing the plasma level of Th2 cytokines, IL-6, IL-10, and $TNF-{\alpha}$. In primary culture of splenocytes, mRNA expression of Th2 cytokines was suppressed, but that of Th1 cytokines was not affected. The LP-BM5 retrovirus infection stimulated the cytoplasmic activation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ and nuclear translocation of $I-{\kappa}B$, whereas Pyc administration significantly reduced $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation and $I-{\kappa}B$ degradation. These results suggested that the inhibitory effect of Pyc on Th2 cytokines in mice with murine AIDS was dependent on suppression of the $NF-{\kappa}B$ signaling pathway and was not dependent on $INF-{\gamma}$ level, which regulates Th2 cytokines.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.45 no.10
• /
• pp.1069-1079
• /
• 2012

In this study, to analyze travelling route and transition characteristics which is a spatial time interpretation method now actively progressed in domestic as well as abroad, it was intended to develop new drought interpretation technique which can decide the centroid and orbit of drought through assuming ellipse using Mass Moment concept. First of all, after estimating Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) per different precipitation observatory station to extract drought events, by selecting precipitation sites where drought starting and end point are same, these were categorized as CASE. As a results, with various CASE selections falling in specific duration for monthly drought analysis, it is possible to find out drought area that additionally occurred, and drought reliving process could be confirmed more definitely. Therefore, if the research methods adopted in this study for drought monitoring are utilized, not only accurate spatio-temporal drought analysis is possible, also pattern of drought centroid movement can be analyzed by establishing statistically significant spatial characteristics data after separating all the drought events that occurred sporadically in Korea Peninsula.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.40 no.2 s.183
• /
• pp.251-262
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this research is to develop a Geological Information System(GIS) in order to store, manage and display geochemical data observed from references of recently domestic granite. There is still no use in geochemical and mineralogical information such as REE(rare earth element), trace elements, mode data(modals or mineral composition) and major elements. Therefore, we need to construct the standardized database system for the analytical data of granites through the verification of its data in South Korea. To construct the information system for geochemical and mineralogical information of granites in South Korea. Firstly, we collected the existing research data related digital map data. Secondly, we extract granite polygons to digital geological map and convert the polygon to points in South Korea. Thirdly, we considered both database schema and symbols of REE elements, trace elements, modal data and major mineral. Fourthly, we carried out all sorts of process to build granite database for GIS statistic analysis and visualization.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.86-94
• /
• 2015

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the chemical composition and amino acid (AA) digestibility of sunflower seed meal (SFSM) and to use this data to develop prediction equations for estimating AA digestibility for growing pigs. Ten SFSM were collected from five provinces in China. Twelve barrows ($38.8{\pm}4.6kg$), fitted with ileal T-cannula were allotted into two $6{\times}6$ Latin square designs. Each of six experimental periods comprised a 5-d adaption period followed by a 2-d collection of ileal digesta. The ten test diets contained 50% SFSM as the sole source of AA. Another nitrogen-free diet was used to measure the basal endogenous losses of crude protein (CP) and AA. Chromic oxide (0.3%) was used as an inert marker in each diet. There was considerable variation (CV>10%) among the ten SFSM in chemical composition (dry matter [DM]). The concentration of CP and ether extract (EE) ranged from 29.33% to 39.09% and 0.88% to 11.33%, respectively. Crude fibre (CF), neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre ranged from 21.46% to 36.42%, 38.15% to 55.40%, and 24.59% to 37.34%, respectively. There was variation among the ten SFSM in apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) for lysine and threonine, which ranged from 63.16 to 79.21 and 55.19% to 72.04% for AID and 67.03% to 82.07% and 61.97% to 77.01% for SID, respectively. The variation in CP and methionine ranged from 60.13% to 74.72% and 74.79% to 88.60% for AID and 66.70% to 79.31% and 77.16% to 90.27% for SID, respectively. Methionine was a good indicator to predict AA digestibility. These results indicate that conventional chemical composition of SFSM was variable (CV>10%) among the ten SFSM (DM). The results of AID, SID and prediction equations could be used to evaluate the digestibility of SFSM in growing pigs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.30 no.12
• /
• pp.1724-1732
• /
• 2017

Objective: The objective of this experiment was to determine apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acid (AA) in 15 sources of soybean meal (SBM) produced from soybeans from different countries and subsequently to establish equations for predicting the AID and SID in SBM based on their chemical composition. Methods: Eighteen barrows ($57.9{\pm}6.1kg$) fitted with a simple T-cannula were allotted into three $6{\times}6$ Latin square designs. Each period comprised a 6-d adaption period followed by a 2-d collection of ileal digesta. The 15 test diets included SBM as a sole source of AA in the diet. Another nitrogen-free diet was used to measure basal endogenous losses of CP and AA. Chromic oxide (0.3%) was used as an inert marker in each diet. Results: The AID of lysine in SBM from China and USA tended to be greater than in SBM from Brazil (p<0.10). The SID of valine and proline in SBM from China was greater than in SBM from Brazil (p<0.05). The SID of lysine, threonine, cysteine and glycine in SBM from China tended to be greater than in SBM from Brazil (p<0.10). From a stepwise regression analysis, a series of AID and SID prediction equations were generated. The best fit equations for lysine in SBM were: AID lysine = 1.16 sucrose-1.81 raffinose+82.10 ($R^2=0.69$, p<0.01) and SID lysine = 1.14 sucrose-1.93 raffinose-0.99 ether extract (EE)+85.26 ($R^2=0.77$, p<0.01). Conclusion: It was concluded that under the conditions of this experiment, the oligosaccharides (such as sucrose and raffinose) can be used to predict the AID and SID of AA in SBM with reasonable accuracy.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.255-260
• /
• 2016

Based on the Korean Health Functional Food Act, health functional foods are dietary supplements containing nutrients or other substances that have nutritional or physiological effects. Since generic health functional food items have been expanded, this project was performed to develop a standardized analytical method of examining such sale items. The method exhibited high linearity in the quercetin calibration curve ($R^2$ > 0.999) over concentrations of $0-40{\mu}g/mL$. The limits of detection and quantitation for quercetin were $0.12{\mu}g/mL$ and $0.36{\mu}g/mL$, respectively, while quercetin recovery was 97.1-105.4 % with standard deviations of 1.15-3.11 %. To verify the accuracy of the analytical methods, the labeled amounts of purchased health functional foods were monitored. The recovery rate for multiple quercetin concentrations ranged from 82.5-105.1 % of the labeled amounts. Thus, the new method was suitable for all cases.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.30 no.7
• /
• pp.999-1005
• /
• 2017

Objective: Two experiments were conducted to determine the content of digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) as well as the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in barley grains obtained from Australia, France or Canada. Methods: In Exp. 1, 18 growing barrows ($Duroc{\times}Landrace{\times}Yorkshire$; $31.5{\pm}3.2kg$) were individually placed in stainless-steel metabolism crates ($1.4{\times}0.7{\times}0.6m$) and randomly allotted to 1 of 3 test diets. In Exp. 2, eight crossbred pigs ($30.9{\pm}1.8kg$) were allotted to a replicate $3{\times}4$ Youden Square designed experiment with three periods and four diets. Two pigs received each diet during each test period. The diets included one nitrogen-free diet and three test diets. Results: The relative amounts of gross energy (GE), CP, and all AA in the Canadian barley were higher than those in Australian and French barley while higher concentrations of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, total dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber and ${\beta}-glucan$ as well as lower concentrations of GE and ether extract were observed in the French barley compared with the other two barley sources. The DE and ME as well as the SID of histidine, isoleucine, leucine and phenylalanine in Canadian barley were higher (p<0.05) than those in French barley but did not differ from Australian barley. Conclusion: Differences in the chemical composition, energy content and the SID and AID of AA were observed among barley sources obtained from three countries. The feeding value of barley from Canada and Australia was superior to barley obtained from France which is important information in developing feeding systems for growing pigs where imported grains are used.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.32 no.5D
• /
• pp.473-481
• /
• 2012

Demand of Natural Gas (NG) consumption is continuously increasing by long service life and low environmental impact than other fossil fuels. Because of this reasons, Gas wells exploration and huge LNG plant construction project are being boosted world-widely. Especially, overseas NG pipe-line projects are emerging by considering safe and efficiency at the inter-country sections. At the same time, Korean contractors are being achieved to record-breaking performance at 2011's overseas construction market and 80% of new-record was attained from overseas plant construction projects. Nevertheless, Korean contractors are behind than overseas leading contractors by geographical distance from gas wells and concentrated demand for storage plant. In these reasons, this paper aims to develop the standardized business process model(BPM) for overseas NG pipe-line project at project planning phase to support the project entry. To this aim, first of all, extract the BPM through the broad literature and overseas construction market review and domestic/overseas pipe-line project analysis. Second, Test-bed was performed to confirm of practical applicability by 4 experts. And then 15 experts survey were performed to validate the usability and effectiveness of BPM for overseas NG pipe-line project. Consequently, if Korean contractors are using this BPM with their own know-how and experiences, it will be returned to more reasonable and rational references for decision making in overseas NG pipe-line project.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.11-19
• /
• 2014

Construction VE activities has occupies an important position as a key tool of the project in terms of budget and performance improvements. Reflecting this situation, VE application scope is being expanded than before. Thus, construction projects are required the continued research and development for effective use of construction VE. VE target choice method is the central part in the construction VE work. But, this has a problem with low utilization in practical terms. Accordingly, this study was developed the new methodology(PVTCM) for VE target selection of the construction VE work. Its contents are as follows: First, to analyze practical problem for VE target choice method through VE practical data. Second, to extract the high potential VE object based on the cost model and ideas similarity by excellent VE cases analysis. Third, to implement standardized VE object item by using affinity diagram for each construction type items. This research were conducted to experts interviews for comparison analysis with the cost model as one of a representative target selection method. As a result, proposed method were implemented significantly higher performance in terms of practical effectiveness than conventional method.