• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2004

This paper deals with a possible contribution to international relations and affairs by the discipline of geography and raises the necessity of a new field in geography that would study relations between nations. The proposed change of the name 'East Sea' is used as a case study in promoting international standardization. Two major international organizations oversee the international standardization of geographical names. One is the UN Conferences of the Standardization of the Geographical Names which work in association with the UN Group of Experts on Geographical Names, and the other is the International Hydrographic Organization. These two organizations have in the past passed all the relevant resolutions pertaining to geographical names. From recent developments on the Korean Peninsula, however, it has become evident that international disputes on place names sometimes require a long process of consultation with the relevant parties. Efforts being made to restore the historically appropriate name of 'East Sea' as opposed to the 'Sea of Japan' have only now begun to diffuse in many areas. It would be appropriate if geographers could develop a new area of 'Geography of International Relations' that deals with WTO, oceans, environment and climatic issues, FAT, as well as territories and boundaries. Furthermore, it would improve the quality of discourse if geographers participated more in the decision-making processes in international affairs.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.11 no.3 s.26
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• pp.41-46
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• 2003

Marine geographical names refer to the names for the geographical forms in nature such as oceans, straits, bays, inlets, and channels as well as the various undersea form including reefs and trenches. Marine geographical forms, lying under the sea, are different from those in land and are related directly and indirectly to the safe navigation of ships, that is, property and life of human beings. Marine geographical names have not been correctly named and used so far as in the case of using the name 'Sea of Japan' instead of 'East Sea' Marine geographical names have been created arbitrarily from various sources including researchers, institutes, and academic societies, which leads to confusion and makes it difficult for those to be acknowledged internationally. This paper examines the uniqueness and technicality of marine geographical names and analyzes the efforts and status for the standardization processes in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.201-220
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• 2010

Geographical name is not only a spoken or written language that has been constructed as a linguistic element, but it is also a geographical phenomenon and a cultural element. Based upon this consciousness, the purpose of this paper is to examine current classification and management systems of the geographical names in Korea and to propose a new alternative classification and maintenance of the geographical names. In particular, the paper suggests three categories for the type classification of the geographical names: morpheme, linguistic change, and contestation types. In turn, this paper investigates the index of the geographical names contained in THE NATIONAL ATLAS OF KOREA (2007) on the basis of the preceding classification types in order to unveil the practical problems and limitations of the current classification articulated in the national atlas. This paper also proposes a new classification of the geographical naming that reflects the divisions of front and back morpheme of geographical names. Finally, from the discussions with the reinforcement of National Committee on Geographical Names, this paper invokes administrative and institutional protection and systematical management of the contesting and unofficial small scaled geographical names that have been set apart from the current geographical name standardization.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.41 no.5 s.116
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• pp.600-622
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• 2006

The consistent use of appropriate names for the undersea features is an essential element of effective communication among ocean scientists. The correct use of names on bathymetric and nautical charts provide benefits to national and international communities. Also it is expected that naming of the marine geographical features within the territorial waters and EEZ contributes to secure the territorial waters and preserve the various marine resources. This paper will seek to addresses a variety of activities where geographic names issues for undersea features arises. For the purpose of this paper, the attention will be given upon 1) the general history of activities on naming undersea features in Korea; 2) development of the guideline for standardization of marine geographical names; 3) geomorphological characteristics of undersea features in East Sea; and 4) future plan to conduct a systematic analysis for naming marine geographical features in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.442-464
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• 2011

This study aims to provide research fields and topics to complement, extend and develop the geographical toponymy in Korea, largely based on a summary of topics discussed in the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN). The Korean toponymic research has generally focused on revealing human, social and physical characteristics of the region by investigating the creation and change of the geographical names, with the perspective of creator and owner of the toponyms. Toponymic researches in the UNGEGN, in comparison, have put forward with the mission of standardization of geographical names and with specific emphasis on the users of toponyms. The topics include diverse forms of toponyms by user groups, roles of language groups, preservation of toponyms with specific value, etc. As research directions for an establishment of extended geographical toponymy accommodating discussions in the UNGEGN, further research topics are suggested; use of exonyms and endonyms in the Korean language, the nature of geographical feature and perception over it, writing systems for inter-language communication, and geographical names as intagible cultural heritage.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.706-722
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• 2009

This study aims to find the ways to correct and fix the errors in transcription by analyzing Romanization of Korean geographical names in foreign countries. The gazetteers from many countries, place name databases, and map-providing websites are the main source of research. Common error types found in this study are variant name posting, subordinated marking, double posting, spelling errors, and location errors. In fact, transcription of geographical names exhibits more diverse forms and types. The counter measures to fix these errors are as follows, firstly, consistent efforts with regular monitoring to fix errors are essential. Secondly, the one and only standardized Romanization principle is urgent. Thirdly, prompt update and publication in case of place name and/or boundary change is necessary. Fourthly, efforts to register unregistered geographical names are necessary. Lastly, the establishment of central agency solely for the management of geographical names is required.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.745-760
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• 2007

This study aims to categorize and analyze internationally standardized sea names based on their origins. Especially noting the cases of sea names using country names and dual naming of seas, it draws some implications for complementing logics for restoring the name East Sea. Of the 110 names for 98 bodies of water listed in the book titled Limits of Oceans and Seas, the most prevalent cases are named after adjacent geographical features; followed by commemorative names after persons, directions, and characteristics of seas. These international practices of naming seas are contrary to Japan's argument for the principle of using the name of archipelago or peninsula. There are several cases of using a single name of country in naming a sea bordering more than two countries, with no serious disputes. This implies that a specific focus should be given to peculiar situation that the name East Sea contains, rather than the negative side of using single country name. In order to strengthen the logic for justifying dual naming, it is suggested, an appropriate reference should be made to the three newly adopted cases of dual names, in the respects of the history of the surrounding region and the names, people's perception, power structure of the relevant countries, and the process of the standardization of dual names. In order to endow East Sea with the meaning of the east of the Eurasian continent, westerners' perception on the Far East should be elaborated in more detail.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.55-65
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• 2011

All of area we live in has its own geographic names. Even small size of rock under the water has its own name. They are called "marine geographic names". Marine geographic names can be classified two categories. One is a proper name; the other is an attribute name. Rocks, reefs and banks referred in the introduction, belong to the category of the attribute name. And there are certain standards to name marine geographic things. In this study, we conducted a case research with the aims to figure out how we name and use those three features that we consider dangerous factors for marine navigation. This study also focused on differences between the methods used to classify attributes of marine geographic names in the past and today. In addition, it reviewed and analyzed marine geographic names used by Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Administration (KHOA) on its own Nautical charts and conducted a case research on marine geographic names notified by Korean Committee on Marine Geographic Names. Based on research and analysis, this study presents future methods regarding marine geographic names standardization.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.41 no.5 s.116
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• pp.630-638
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• 2006

This paper reviews international practices of naming undersea features, centered on SCUFN (Sub-Committee on Undersea Feature Names), and draws some implications for the newly announced undersea feature names in East Sea. Even though the history of the activities of naming undersea features in Korea is not long, recent years have witnessed considerable progress in finding and naming undersea features. In view of the guidelines for naming undersea features by SCUFN, it is evaluated that most of these names have been appropriately selected. But more justification should be made for specific terms using historical persons, symbolic term, and for two names proposed for those already listed in the Gazetteer. For further works on naming undersea features, three steps are suggested: first, conducting surveys and accumulating data on undersea features, second, naming and announcing newly found features and publicizing them, and third, making attempts to achieve international standardization of domestically announced names.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.427-434
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• 2004

해양지명은 자연적으로 형성된 해양ㆍ해협ㆍ만ㆍ포 및 수로 등의 이름과 초ㆍ퇴ㆍ해저협곡해구 등 해저지형의 이름이다. 지명의 표준화란 지명을 통일(standardization of geographical names)하는 과정으로서 특정의 지리적 장소, 특색, 지역에 대하여 각각 공식적인 이름을 부여하여 표기하는 것이다. 해양지명 표준화는 각 개별국가들이 해도 및 해양간행물에서 통일된 해양지명을 사용하게 함으로써 항행의 안전을 도모하기 위하여 필요한 사업이며 해양측량기술이 발달하면서 해저지형에 대한 측량과 지명부여가 중요한 과제로 인식되고 있다 국내적으로 통일되고 국제적으로 공유될 수 있는 정확한 해양지명 부여를 위한 해양지명표준편람의 제작 목적과 방향에 관하여 연구하고 앞으로 해양지명위원회의 활동방향을 제시하였다.