• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.7-16
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• 1996

The air-flow dyeing machine is a new type of dyeing machine. Which is an energy saving type to be able to dye the fabrics with the lowest liquor ratio and in shorter time. This machine is operated with an aerodynamic system rather than a hyd raulic system for traditional jet or overflow dyeing. An air-flow dyeing machine(Green-flow) by the use of aerodynamic technology was developed and compared with the Luft-roto machine made by Thies Company, Germany, in this study. Three samples were dyed with both machines under the same dyeing conditions and color fastness, dyeing levelness, drapability, and mechanical properties of these samples were compared. The results were as follows; Both machines have almost the same dyeability. The dyeability was good at liquor ratio of 1: 3.5 and the speed of 450yds/min. The order for drapability was Crepe de Chine > Cool Peach > Charmeuse. Except for the color fastness of sublimation being below class 4, most color fastness of samples dyed with Green-flow m/c were above class 4. The maximum speed was 510yds/min. for Crepe de Chine and the standard deviation of K/S value was lower for Charmeuse and Cool Peach when employed on the "Green-flow" machine and lower for Crepe de Chine when employed on the Luft-roto machine. Comparing with dyeing of the Green-flow machine and that of the Luft-roto machine, the RT of the Charmeuse was found to be higher with the Green-flow machine and thus the sample had an improved wrinkle recovery. LT and WT of Cool Peach were higher, and shear properties(G, 2HG, 2HGS) of Crepe de Chine were higher, both turning out as suitable for clothing. clothing.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2019

In this study, eco-friendly functional leather was developed by recycling wastes such as eel skin, marigold(Tagetas erecta l.), hinoki cypress(Chamaecyparis obtusa). The hot water extracts of marigold and hinoki cypress leaves were freeze-dried at $-80^{\circ}C$ to prepare colorant powder. The dyeing of eel leather with marigold was carried out to investigate the effects of dyeing conditions, mordanting on dye uptake, color, morphological change, and color fastness. Considering shrinkage of eel leather caused by dyeing, the optimum dyeing conditions were $60^{\circ}C$ of dyeing temperature and 60 min of dyeing time at 1:100 of bath ratio, and color of the dyed eel leather was Y to YR Munsell series. In order to prevent the degradation of leather from microbe, we conducted combination dyeing with marigold and hinoki cypress leave colorants. In this case, the combination dyed eel leathers showed excellent antimicrobial activity with above 99% bacterial reduction rate against S. aurieus and K. pneumoniae. It was confirmed that all of the dyed eel leathers were sufficient to meet the Korean Standard for color fastness of leather products. It can be applied practically for the development of eco-friendly functional leather by utilizing some useful active components extracted from plant resources and by recycling food wastes.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.60-66
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• 2019

Objective: To compare black rice (Oryza sativa L) extract with three different staining methods for human sperm head assessment. Methods: Semen samples were collected from 34 volunteers. Four smears of each ejaculate were prepared for staining using the rapid Papanicolaou (PAP) stain, SpermBlue, DipQuick, and black rice extract. The percentage of defective sperm heads (mean${\pm}$standard deviation) was compared. Results: Black glutinous rice extract, a natural dye, was used instead of hematoxylin to stain the nuclei of the sperm heads. The percentage of defective sperm heads showed a significant difference between black rice extract and DipQuick (p= 0.000). In contrast, black rice extract and rapid PAP showed no statistically significant difference (p= 0.974). A strong correlation (r = 0.761) was found between the findings obtained using rapid PAP and black rice extract. In contrast, a weak correlation (r = 0.248) was obtained between DipQuick and black rice extract for the percentage of defective sperm heads. Conclusion: The results showed good agreement and a strong correlation between the rapid PAP and black rice extract stains. The advantages of black rice extract as a novel substitute for hematoxylin for nuclear staining include ease of preparation, local availability, and favorable nuclear staining properties. Further studies could also focus on comparing staining techniques in clinical samples.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.256-262
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• 2019

Extensive tumor resection accompanied by radiotherapy and chemotherapy is the standard of care for malignant gliomas. However, there is a significant obstacle to the complete resection of the tumor due to the difficulty of distinguishing tumor and normal brain tissue with a conventional surgical microscope. Recently, multiple studies have shown the possibility of fluorescence-guided surgery in malignant gliomas. The most used fluorescence dyes for brain tumor surgery are 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and indocyanine green (ICG). In this paper, a new fluorescence guided operation system, which can detect both 5-ALA and ICG fluorescent images simultaneously, is presented. This operation system consists of light emitting diodes (LEDs) which emits 410 nm and 740 nm wavelengths. We have performed experiments on rats in order to verify the operation of the newly developed operation system. Oral administration and imaging were performed to observe the fluorescence of 5-ALA and ICG fluorescence in rats. When LEDs at wavelengths of 410 nm and 740 nm were irradiated on rats, 628 nm wavelength with a violet fluorescence color and 825 nm wavelength with a red fluorescence color were expressed in 5-ALA and ICG fluorescent material, respectively, thus we were able to distinguish the tumor tissues easily. Previously, due to the poor resolution of the conventional surgical microscope and the fact that the color of the vein is similar to that of the tumor, the tumor resection margin was not easy to observe, thus increasing the likelihood for cancer recurrence. However, when the tumor is observed through the fluorescence guided operation system, it is possible to easily distinguish the color with the naked eye and it can be completely removed. Therefore, it is expected that surgical removal of cancerous tumors will be possible and surgical applications and surgical microscopes for cancer tumor removal surgery will be promising in the future.

• Advances in materials Research
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.225-235
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• 2022

It includes the synthesis of pristine ZnO nanoparticles and a series of Ag-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles was carried out by reflux method by varying the amount of silver (1, 3, 5, 7 and 9% by mol.). The morphology of these nanoparticles was investigated by SEM, XRD and FT-IR techniques. These techniques show that synthesized particles are homogenous spherical nanoparticles having an average particle size of about 50-100 nm along with some agglomeration. The photocatalytic activity of the ZnO nanoparticles and Ag doped ZnO nanoparticles were investigated via photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) as a standard dye. The data from the photocatalytic activity of these nanoparticles show that 7% Ag-doped ZnO nanoparticles exhibit much enhanced photocatalytic activity as compared to pristine ZnO nanoparticles and other percentages of Ag-doped ZnO nanoparticles. Furthermore, 7% Ag-doped ZnO was made composites with sulfur-doped graphitic carbon nitride by physical mixing method and a series of nanocomposites were made (3.5, 7.5, 25, 50, 75% by weight). It was observed that the 25% composites exhibited better photocatalytic performance than pristine S-g-C 3 N 4 and pure 7% Ag-doped ZnO. Tauc's plot also supports the photodegradation results.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.45.1-45.8
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• 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to introduce a gelatin/bovine serum albumin (BSA) tissue standard, which provides dissolution properties identical to those of biological tissues. Further, the study evaluated whether the utilization of endodontic activating devices led to enhanced phantom dissolution rates. Materials and Methods: Bovine pulp tissue was obtained to determine a benchmark of tissue dissolution. The surface area and mass of samples were held constant while the ratio of gelatin and BSA were varied, ranging from 7.5% to 10% gelatin and 5% BSA. Each sample was placed in an individual test tube that was filled with an appropriate sodium hypochlorite solution for 1, 3, and 5 minutes, and then removed from the solution, blotted dry, and weighed again. The remaining tissue was calculated as the percent of initial tissue to determine the tissue dissolution rate. A radiopaque agent (sodium diatrizoate) and a fluorescent dye (methylene blue) were added to the phantom to allow easy quantification of phantom dissolution in a canal block model when activated using ultrasonic (EndoUltra) or sonic (EndoActivator) energy. Results: The 9% gelatin + 5% BSA phantom showed statistically equivalent dissolution to bovine pulp tissue at all time intervals. Furthermore, the EndoUltra yielded significantly more phantom dissolution in the canal block than the EndoActivator or syringe irrigation. Conclusions: Our phantom is comparable to biological tissue in terms of tissue dissolution and could be utilized for in vitro tests due to its injectability and detectability.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.160-167
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• 2006

저서성 요각류 Tigriopus japonicus 는 한국연안에 널리 분포하며, 영양단계에서 1차 소비자로서 중요한 역할을 담당한다. 본 연구에서는 해양생태독성평가를 위한 표준 실험생물로서 가능성을 구명하기 위하여 T. japonicus 유생($100{\sim}200{\mu}m$)을 이용하여 염분 및 수소이온농도(pH) 내성실험과 2종의 표준독성물질(황산구리, 카드뮴) 및 3종의 산업폐수오니(피혁, 염색, 염료공장폐수오니)에 대한 48시간 사망률 실험을 실시하였다. T. japonicus 유생은 $5.0{\sim}35.0psu$ 염분과 pH $6.3{\sim}8.2$ 범위에서 90% 이상 생존하여 염분 및 pH에 대한 강한 내성을 보였다. 또한 표준독성물질에 대한 48시간 $LC_{50}$은 황산구리의 경우 $3.6{\pm}0.7ppm$, 카드뮴은 $1.7{\pm}0.8ppm$ 이었으며, 각각의 반복구간의 사망률 편차는 10% 이하였다. 황산구리에 대한 T. japonicus 유생의 독성반응은 요각류를 포함한 소형 갑각류에 비해 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 카드뮴에 대한 T. japonicus 유생의 독성반응은 요각류 T. japonicus, Paracalanus parvus 및 윤충류 Brachinonus plicatilis 성체 보다 훨씬 민감하였다. 산업폐수오니의 경우, 염료오니 추출액을 제외한 피혁과 염색오니 추출액은 농도-반응 사이의 선형관계가 뚜렷하였다. 산업폐수오니 추출물에 대한 T. japonicus의 48시간 $LC_{50}$은 피혁 추출물의 경우, $31.1{\pm}1.1%$ 이었으며, 염색 추출물은 $54.4{\pm}15.1%$로 산출되었다. 상기의 실험결과들에 의하면, 요각류 T. japonicus 유생을 이용한 생물검정법은 산업폐수나 화학물질에 대한 해양생태독성평가 시 유용한 평가 수단인 것으로 판단된다. 광범위한 염분 및 pH에 대한 내성, 농도-반응(사망률) 사이의 뚜렷한 선형관계는 본 종이 표준시험종으로써 충분한 가치가 있음을 입증하였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.222-232
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of heated spreader on the sealing ability of lateral condensation, compared with regular cold spreader. Forty two extracted human teeth with single canal were randomly placed into 3 experimental groups, and four additional teeth were used as positive and negative controls. Each group was prepared with Ni-Ti Profile #40 using step-down technique and obturated with standardized colored gutta-percha cone by standard(cold) lateral condensation technique, warm lateral condensation technique with Endotec and hot spreader soaked in glass bead sterilizer, each with Sealapex sealer. Control groups were not obturated, but prepared. After 2 days in 2% methylene blue, the teeth were invested and made into transparent resin blocks. And then, each block was sectioned horizontally with microtome at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 mm levels from the apex. The linear extent of dye penetration was examined with stereomicroscope at ${\times}$20 magnification. At each of 5 levels, ratio of the area of gutta-percha was obtained by calculating the area of gutta-percha to the total area of the canal. The data collected were then analyzed statistically using an analysis of variance(ANOVA) and Scheffe test. The results were as follows ; 1. All experimental groups produced the apical microleakage. 2. The mean leakage was 1.57${\pm}$0.76mm for cold spreader group, 0.86${\pm}$0.95mm for Endotec spreader group, and 0.64${\pm}$0.93mm for hot spreader group. The difference between hot spreader group and cold spreader group was statistically significant(p<0.05). 1. At the 1 mm level, the mean ratio of area of gutta-percha was 74.58${\pm}$13.15(%) for cold spreader group, 65.42${\pm}$14.62(%) for Endotec spreader group, and 80.72${\pm}$14.63(%) for hot spreader group. There was statistically significant difference between hot spreader group and Endotec spreader group(p<0.05). 2. At the 2mm level, the mean ratio of area of gutta-percha was 87.86${\pm}$11.22(%) for cold spreader group, 66.55${\pm}$14.02(%) for Endotec spreader group, and 92.93${\pm}$7.24(%) for hot spreader group. There was statistically significant difference between Endotec spreader group and other two spreader groups(p<0.05). 3. At the level 3, 4, 5 mm, there was no statistically significant difference between each group. Within the limits of the results of this experiment, warm lateral condensation technique with hot spreader soaked in a glass bead sterilizer demonstrated favorable apical sealing effect and improved density of gutta-percha mass. Thus, it is thought that this obturation technique is effective for clinical use and beneficial to reduce condensation forces, also economical and easy. Lateral condensation, Heated spreader, canal sealing, Microleakage.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.351-358
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• 1994

셀렌이 촉매작용을 하는 반응을 이용한 수용액중 흔적량 셀렌의 분광광도법 정량에 관하여 검토하였다. 즉, 산성의 수용액 매질에서 셀렌에 의한 페닐히드라진의 촉매반응은 H-acid(8-아미노-1-나프톨-3,6-이슬폰산의 이나트륨염)과 반응하여 붉은 색의 아조 염료로 변하는 벤젠디아조뮴이온을 생성한다. 이 반응에 대해, 시약들의 가하는 양과 용액의 pH등과 같은 실험조건들을 최적화시켰다. 시료용액 15ml를 0.1 M EDTA용액으로 처리하여 철 등을 제거한 다음에 0.06 M 페닐히드라진 염산 1 ml, 0.02 M H-acid 1 ml, 및 0.3 M-$KClO_4$ 3 ml를 용액에 순서대로 가하였다. 염산으로 용액의 pH를 1.4로 조정하였다. 끓는 물중탕에서 30분간 가열한 다음, 식혀서 탈염수로 25.00ml되게 묽혔다. 흡광도 측정을 위한 바탕용액은 탈염수로 만들었다. 527nm에서 흡광도를 측정하였다. 위의 실험과정으로 표준검정곡선법에 의해 수도물, 강물, 및 저수지물 등의 물시료중 흔적량 셀렌을 정량하고, 시료들에 가해진 일정량의 셀렌을 정량하여 회수율을 구하였다. 이렇게 얻은 104 내지 111%의 회수율로부터 이 방법이 자연수중 ng/ml수준의 셀렌 분석에 정량적으로 응용될수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 환경생물
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.250-262
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• 2014

본 연구는 전라북도에서 이용되는 민속식물을 파악하기 위하여 2013년 3월부터 2014년 7월까지 수행하였다. 11개 시 군지역의 주민 59명을 대상으로 수집한 885건의 설문조사를 분석한 결과, 민속식물은 총 66과 137속 140종 2아종 12변종으로 총 154분류군이 확인되었다. 지역별로는 완주시가 135분류군으로 가장 많았고, 고창군이 128분류군, 무주군 104분류군, 진안군 103분류군, 부안군 87분류군, 정읍시 69분류군 등의 순으로 높게 나타났다. 용도별 이용은 식용 112종류, 약용 62종류, 관상 4종류, 염료 3종류, 유지 3종류, 향료 1종류, 수액 1종류, 향신료 1종류, 기타 9종류로 식용과 약용의 이용 빈도가 높았으며, 이용부위로는 잎, 열매, 줄기, 뿌리, 전체 순으로 나타났다. 표준식물명과 각 시 군별 지방명의 일치에서는 무주 (59.4%), 완주 (51.8%), 부안 (51.0%), 고창 (50.4%), 순창(46.3%) 등의 순으로 높게 나타났다. 전반적으로 민속식물의 이용정보는 대부분 구전으로 습득하였다.