• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

PVT modules commonly can be defined as a combination of PV modules and thermal collectors. After absorbing sun light, electricity and hot water can be actually provided to users simultaneously, which dual outputs (electricity and hot water) have drawn academic interest and industrial activities. Additionally, heat exchange between solar cell and flowing water can enhance solar cell efficiency. Because of PVT modules effectiveness, new international markets and commercial products have made. Especially European, facilities and measurement methods are established to evaluate PVT module performance. However, there are no currently appropriate internationally and domestic standards and facilities to test PVT module performance Herein, to test PVT module performance, indoor thermal simulators and fundamental standard study are considered.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.31 no.4 s.85
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• pp.287-293
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• 2005

Pollen has been used for Prevention or treatment of certain diseases such as diabetes, arthritis, or cancer in traditional medicine. In addition, pollen is under investigation as a host cell for a gene expression. This study was undertaken to evaluate the immunologic safety of pollen intake. BALB/c mice were administered with 500, 50,5, or 0.5 mg/kg bw of lily pollen for five times a week for four weeks through gastric intubation. Comparing the control mice administered with distilled water, no significant changes were observed in body weight gain, weight of liver, spleen, lung, and his-topathological findings of liver and kidney of the mice groups administered with the pollen. Plasma level of IgG1, IgG2a, and IgE was not different among the groups. When splenic B lymphocytes were stimulated in vitro with lipopolysaccharides for 7 days, level of IgGl and IgGwa produced in the culture supernatants was not significantly different among the groups. Furthermore, no significant alteration was observed in IL-4 and $IFN{\gamma}$ producing ability with splenic T lymphocytes stimulated in vitro with phytohemagglutinins for 48 hours between the pollen-administered and the control mice. Overall, this study suggests that the lily pollen intake is Inducing no significant modulation of humoral and cell-mediated immunity in mice.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.21-32
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• 2019

In order to investigate the decay process of wood treated with preservative, waterproofing agent and their compound systems, a full-cell process was applied to impregnate the sapwood of poplar (Populus cathay) at paraffin wax emulsion concentrations of 0.5% and 2.0%, Copper Azole (CA) concentrations of 0.3% and 0.5%, and their four compound systems, respectively. Leaching tests and laboratory decay resistance against the white-rot fungus Corious versicolor (L.) Murrill for treated wood were carried out according to the America Standard E11-06 and China Standard GB/T 13942.1-2009. At certain time intervals during the decay test, samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction technique (XRD) to investigate the time-dependent changes of chemical components and crystalline structure, thus clarifying the decay mechanisms. The results suggested that white-rot fungi degrade hemicellulose and lignin in the wood cell wall first, followed by a simultaneous degradation of polysaccharides and lignin. Besides, CA could not only slower the decomposition of both hemicellulose and lignin, but also reduce the degradation amount of hemicellulose. However, paraffin wax emulsion at high concentration had a negative effect on the impregnation of CA for the compound system treated wood.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.220-229
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• 2020

Objectives: Although Acne vulgaris is a chronic skin disease, which its standard treatment causes therapeutic limitations and some common adverse effects, medicinal plants can be effective in treatment with low adverse effects as combination therapy. Myrtle (Myrtus Communis) has some beneficial properties, which has been administered topically and orally for some skin diseases in Persian medicine. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of Myrtle formula and 1% clindamycin topical solution. Methods: This was a split-face clinical trial that was done on 55 patients with mild to moderate acne vulgaris for 16 weeks. The patients received topical Myrtle solution to the right side of the face (group 1) and clindamycin solution to the left side (group 2) twice daily for 12 weeks. All participants were examined for the acne severity index (ASI) and total acne lesions counting (TLC) at certain times during the study. Then, they stopped using them for four weeks. They also did not take the drug in the final four weeks of the study. Results: Forty-eight patients completed the study for 16 weeks; 40 (83.2%) patients were female and the rest of them were male. The mean age and standard deviation were 25.62 ± 7.62 years. After 12 weeks, the percentage changes of comedones, inflammatory lesions, ASI and TLC were significantly reduced in both groups (p < 0.001). The percentage change of inflammatory lesions and ASI decrease was significantly higher in the group 1 (p = 0.03). There was no significant difference in the incidence of side effects between the two groups. There was a more significant decrease in sebum percentage change in the group 1 (p = 0.003). Conclusion: Myrtle lotion was effective and safe for the treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.51
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• pp.4.1-4.12
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• 2021

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a technique to visualize specific DNA/RNA sequences within the cell nuclei and provide the presence, location and structural integrity of genes on chromosomes. A confocal Whole Slide Imaging (WSI) scanner technology has superior depth resolution compared to wide-field fluorescence imaging. Confocal WSI has the ability to perform serial optical sections with specimen imaging, which is critical for 3D tissue reconstruction for volumetric spatial analysis. The standard clinical manual scoring for FISH is labor-intensive, time-consuming and subjective. Application of multi-gene FISH analysis alongside 3D imaging, significantly increase the level of complexity required for an accurate 3D analysis. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to establish automated 3D FISH scoring for z-stack images from confocal WSI scanner. The algorithm and the application we developed, SHIMARIS PAFQ, successfully employs 3D calculations for clear individual cell nuclei segmentation, gene signals detection and distribution of break-apart probes signal patterns, including standard break-apart, and variant patterns due to truncation, and deletion, etc. The analysis was accurate and precise when compared with ground truth clinical manual counting and scoring reported in ten lymphoma and solid tumors cases. The algorithm and the application we developed, SHIMARIS PAFQ, is objective and more efficient than the conventional procedure. It enables the automated counting of more nuclei, precisely detecting additional abnormal signal variations in nuclei patterns and analyzes gigabyte multi-layer stacking imaging data of tissue samples from patients. Currently, we are developing a deep learning algorithm for automated tumor area detection to be integrated with SHIMARIS PAFQ.

• International Journal of Stem Cells
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.102-112
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• 2024

An organoid is a self-organized three-dimensional structure derived from stem cells that mimics the structure, cell composition, and functional characteristics of specific organs and tissues and is used for evaluating the safety and effectiveness of drugs and the toxicity of industrial chemicals. Organoid technology is a new methodology that could replace testing on animals testing and accelerate development of precision and regenerative medicine. However, large variations in production can occur between laboratories with low reproducibility of the production process and no internationally agreed standards for quality evaluation factors at endpoints. To overcome these barriers that hinder the regulatory acceptance and commercialization of organoids, Korea established the Organoid Standards Initiative in September 2023 with various stakeholders, including industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and standard development experts, through public and private partnerships. This developed general guidelines for organoid manufacturing and quality evaluation and for quality evaluation guidelines for organoid-specific manufacturing for the liver, intestines, and heart through extensive evidence analysis and consensus among experts. This report is based on the common standard guideline v1.0, which is a general organoid manufacturing and quality evaluation to promote the practical use of organoids. This guideline does not focus on specific organoids or specific contexts of use but provides guidance to organoid makers and users on materials, procedures, and essential quality assessment methods at end points that are essential for organoid production applicable at the current technology level.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.126-131
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• 2005

Objective : The choice of tumor antigen for dendritic cell[DC]-loading has still been an unresolved problem in the DC-based vaccine strategies against malignant gliomas that has not been found well-characterized tumor specific antigens. In this study, we compare tumor-specific T cell response induced by glioma apoptotic body[GAB]-pulsed DCs to response induced by glioma cell lysate-pulsed ones quantitatively. Methods : DCs generated in the presence of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor and interleukin[IL]-4 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells[PBMCs] of HLA-A2 positive healthy donors were cultured. Each GABs and glioma cell lysate generated from HLA-A2 positive T98G glioblastoma cells were co-incubated with DCs. $CD8^+$ T lymphocytes isolated from PBMCs of same donors were cultured in media containing IL-2 and either stimulated by GAB- or lysate-pulsed DCs three times at a weekly interval. The interferon[IFN]-${\gamma}$ concentrations of each cell culture supernate were measured by enzyme immunoassay technique. Cytolytic activity of the generated cytotoxic $CD8^+$ T cells either stimulated with GAB- or lysate-pulsed DCs was determined by a standard 4-h $^{51}Cr$-release assay. Results : IFN-${\gamma}$ production and cytolytic activity of effector T cells stimulated by GAB-pulsed DCs were significantly higher than those of T cells stimulated by lysate-pulsed ones. Conclusion : These results indicate the choice of antigen is a critical determinant in the induction of antitumor immunity against malignant glioma. Antigen preparations from GABs represent a promising alternative to glioma cell lysate in DC-based glioma vaccine strategies.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.13C no.1 s.104
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• pp.83-94
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• 2006

This paper describes ATM cell encipherment method using Rijndael Algorithm adopted as an AES(Advanced Encryption Standard) by NIST in 2001. ISO 9160 describes the requirement of physical layer data processing in encryption/decryption. For the description of ATM cell encipherment method, we implemented ATM data encipherment equipment which satisfies the requirements of ISO 9160, and verified the encipherment/decipherment processing at ATM STM-1 rate(155.52Mbps). The DES algorithm can process data in the block size of 64 bits and its key length is 64 bits, but the Rijndael algorithm can process data in the block size of 128 bits and the key length of 128, 192, or 256 bits selectively. So it is more flexible in high bit rate data processing and stronger in encription strength than DES. For tile real time encryption of high bit rate data stream. Rijndael algorithm was implemented in FPGA in this experiment. The boundary of serial UNI cell was detected by the CRC method, and in the case of user data cell the payload of 48 octets (384 bits) is converted in parallel and transferred to 3 Rijndael encipherment module in the block size of 128 bits individually. After completion of encryption, the header stored in buffer is attached to the enciphered payload and retransmitted in the format of cell. At the receiving end, the boundary of ceil is detected by the CRC method and the payload type is decided. n the payload type is the user data cell, the payload of the cell is transferred to the 3-Rijndael decryption module in the block sire of 128 bits for decryption of data. And in the case of maintenance cell, the payload is extracted without decryption processing.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.62-79
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• 1994

The quanttative and structural analysis of the binary standard mixtures of albite and quartz, and microcline and albite were carried out using the Rietveld refinement method in order to investigate the accuracy and precision of the method. The quantitative analysis using the Rietveld method results in a standard deviation of 4 wt % for the albite-quartz standard mixtures and 1 wt % for the microcline-albite standard mixtures, suggesting that its accuracy is far better than that of the conventional XRD method in which only a few selected peaks are utilized. Furthermore, the unit-cell parameters of component minerals in mixtures were also estimated accurately during the analysis. It was observed that the refined weight fractions deviate systematically from their measured values when the method is applied to the mixtures that contain minerals with different degrees of preferred orientation, such as albite-quartz mixtures. The preferred orientation parameters and R-values suggest that the systematic deviation is caused as a result of the preferred orientation effect of feldspar crystallites. It is evident that the preferred orientation corrections are of help for the accurate determination of unit-cell parameters, although they may not improve the result of quantitative analysis significantly. The refined weight fraction of the mineral with higher degree of preferred orientation in mixture is greater than the measured one. This is apparently caused by the effect of geometry of feldspar crystallites in the surface of the mounted sample. The Rietveld refinement method minimizes the problems inherent in the traditional XRD methods, such as the line overlap, primary extinction, and preferred orientation effect, by fitting every data point in a whole pattern explicitly. Furthermore, accurate unit-cell parameters as well as scale factors that can be obtained from the Rietveld refinement are used for the quqantification. The present stdudy demonstrates that the Rietveld method yields far more accurate analytical result than the conventional XRD quantitative analysis method does.

• ALGAE
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.217-226
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• 2004

The present study is to examine the water quality and to analyze the plank tonic and benthic phytoplankton communities at 6 stations in the Dong River and its tributary streams of Kangwon Province from November, 2001 to March, 2002. During the studies, water temperature ranged from 3.5 to 12.8℃; pH, 6.5-7.9; DO, 9.29-11.36 mg·l^(-1); BOD_5, 0.20-2.38 mg·l^(-1); TN, 1.2842-3.1871 mg·l^(-1); TP, 0.0052-0.0576 mg·l^(-1); and SS, 0.85-9.62 mg·l^(-1). The standard of water quality according to the Korean Environmental Preservation Law showed the first class except St. 6 through the survey. Six taxa of plank tonic phytoplankton identified were poor flora in November, 2001. The representative species frequently observed were the diatoms Achnanthes lanceolata, Achnanthes minutissima, Cymbella minuta, Cymbella parva, Diatoma vulgare, Fragilaria construens, Gomphonema pervulum, Navicula cryptocephala, Nitzschia palea., Scenedesmus sp. of green algae and Stephanodiscus hantzschii. Monthly dominant species of phytoplankton were Achnanthes lanceolata and A. minutissima in both February and March, 2002, but the blue-green algae, Oscillatoria sp. and the diatom, Stephan discus hantzschii were predominant at some stations in March. Phytoplankton standing crops ranged from 9.84 ${\times}$ 10$^3$ to 3.56 ${\times}$ 10$^4$ cell·l$^{-1}$ in November and 1.68-2.99 ${\times}$ 10$^5$ cell·l$^{-1}$ in February, while it changed 4.52-8.01 ${\times}$ 10$^5$ cell·l$^{-1}$ at St. 1, 2, 3 and 1.03-1.71 ${\times}$ 10$^6$ cell·l$^{-1}$ at St. 4, 5, 6 in March. Benthic phytoplankton communities was composed of 38 taxa in November, 31 taxa in February and 23 taxa in March. It showed a contrary tendency to planktonic phytoplankton diversity. Benthic diatoms which were more than 25% of the total populations were Cymbella turgida, Diatoma vulgare, Cocconeis placentula, Navicula cryptocephala var. intermedia in November; Achnanthe lanceolata, Cocconeis placentula, Achnanthes minutissima in February; and Achnanthes lanceolata and Cyclotella meneghiniana in March.