• 대한구순구개열학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2013

Distraction osteogenesis is useful treatment which the gradual separation of cut bone edges results in the generation of new bone. It is effective treatment for correcting maxillofacial deformities. Patients with cleft lip and palate usually have maxillary hypoplasia due to scarring of lip and palate. To correct these deformities, we chose to use a 2-jaw orthognathic surgery or distraction osteogenesis. But despite improvements in surgical techniques for maxillofacial deformities, postoperative stability still leaves the question of when relapse may occur. This case report describes the Relapse after treatment of maxillary hypoplasia with cleft lip and palate by Rigid External distraction system over a 2-year treatment and follow-up period. In addition, we reviewed related articles about the influence of the occlusal stability on postoperative stability in patients with cleft lip and palate correction with Distraction osteogenesis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.62-72
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• 2016

This study investigated the dynamics associated with prolonged ensiling and aerobic deterioration of whole crop corn (WCC) silages and total mixed ration (TMR) silages containing WCC (C-TMR silages) to clarify the differences that account for the enhanced aerobic stability of TMR silages. Laboratory-scale barrel silos were randomly opened after 7, 14, 28, and 56 d of ensiling and were subjected to analyses of fermentation quality, microbial and temperature dynamics during aerobic exposure. WCC and C-TMR silages were both well preserved and microorganisms were inhibited with prolonged ensiling, including lactic acid bacteria. Yeast were inhibited to below the detection limit of 500 cfu/g fresh matter within 28 d of ensiling. Aerobic stability of both silages was enhanced with prolonged ensiling, whereas C-TMR silages were more aerobically stable than WCC silages for the same ensiling period. Besides the high moisture content, the weak aerobic stability of WCC silage is likely attributable to the higher lactic acid content and yeast count, which result from the high water-soluble carbohydrates content in WCC. After silo opening, yeast were the first to propagate and the increase in yeast levels is greater than that of other microorganisms in silages before deterioration. Besides, increased levels of aerobic bacteria were also detected before heating of WCC silages. The temperature dynamics also indicated that yeast are closely associated with the onset of the aerobic deterioration of C-TMR silage, whereas for WCC silages, besides yeast, aerobic bacteria also function in the aerobic deterioration. Therefore, the inclusion of WCC might contribute to the survival of yeast during ensiling but not influence the role of yeast in deterioration of C-TMR silages.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.62-71
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes on the characteristics of the oxidative stability of Tenebrio molitor larvae during cold storage at $4^{\circ}C$. Pretreatment for T. molitor larvae was designed into three methods: raw (R), freeze-dried (F.D.), and pan-fried (P.F.). The water content of the raw sample (61.46%) was higher than those of other samples (F.D.: 5.02%, P.F.: 3.67%) and its high water content was expected to facilitate the oxidation of the raw sample. In our results, the peroxide value and the carbonyl value of all of the samples increased and the raw sample, after storage for 18 day, showed the highest value. The pan-fried sample had no significant increase in its lactic acid content, acid value, and thiobarbituric acid value; whereas those values were increased in the raw sample and the freeze-dried sample (p<0.05). The browning reaction was more progressed in the pan-fried sample than other samples at 0 day, but there was no significant change during the storage. The raw sample and the freeze-dried sample had their browning indexes increase with the increasing storage period (p<0.05). The pan-fried sample produced less oxidation products than the freeze-dried sample, indicating that the unheated sample was more susceptible to oxidation than the heated samples. In conclusion, heating treatment and low water content would be effective for improving the safety and stability of T. molitor larvae during cold storage.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.476-486
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• 2018

In this study, the droplet size distribution, rheological properties, and stability of dairy cream-based emulsions homogenized with different sucrose fatty acid ester (SFAE, a non-ionic small-molecule emulsifier) concentrations (0.08%, 0.16%, and 0.24% w/w) at different homogenization pressures (10 MPa and 20 MPa) were examined. Homogenization at a high pressure resulted in a smaller droplet size and narrower droplet size distribution. The D[4,3] (volume-weighted mean) and D[3,2] (surface-weighted mean) values of the emulsions decreased with an increase in the SFAE concentration. The flow properties of the emulsions homogenized with SFAE showed shear-thinning (n=0.21-0.46) behavior. The apparent viscosity (${\eta}_{a,10}$) and consistency index (K) of the homogenized emulsions were lower than those of the control sample that is non-homogenized and without SFAE, and decreased with an increase in SFAE concentration. The storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G") of all emulsions homogenized with SFAE were also lower than those of the control sample. The stability of all emulsions with SFAE did not show any significant change for 30 d at $5^{\circ}C$. However, the emulsions stored at $40^{\circ}C$ were unstable over the storage period. Therefore, the addition of SFAE enhanced the stability of dairy cream emulsions during storage at refrigeration temperature ($5^{\circ}C$).

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.195-199
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• 2008

Objectives : Malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation by-product, has been widely used as an indicator of oxidative stress. Urinary 2-naphthol, a urinary PAH metabolite, is used as a marker of ambient particulate exposure and is associated with lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, the stability and intra-individual variation associated with urinary MDA and 2-naphthol have not been thoroughly addressed. The objective of this study was to assess the stability and intra-individual variation associated with urinary MDA and 2-naphthol. Methods : Urine samples were collected from 10 healthy volunteers (mean age 34, range $27{\sim}42$ years old). Each sample was divided into three aliquots and stored under three different conditions. The levels of urinary MDA and 2-naphthol were analyzed 1) just after sampling, 2) after storage at room temperature ($21^{\circ}C$) for 16 hours, and 3) after storage in a $-20^{\circ}C$ freezer for 16 hours. In addition, an epidemiological study was conducted in 44 Chinese subjects over a period of 3 weeks. The urinary MDA and 2-naphthol were measured by HPLC three times. Results : There was no difference in the levels of urinary MDA and 2-naphthol between the triplicate measurements (n=10, p=0.84 and p=0.83, respectively). The intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) for urinary MDA and 2-naphthol were 0.74 and 0.42, respectively. However, the levels of PM2.5 in the air were well correlated with the levels of both MDA and 2-naphthol in the epidemiological study. Conclusions : These results suggest that urinary MDA and 2-naphthol remain stable under variable storage conditions, even at room temperature for 16 hours, and indicate that these markers can be used in epidemiological studies involving various sample storage conditions. The intra-CC of urinary 2-naphthol and MDA were acceptable for application to epidemiological studies.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.82-95
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• 1989

This study was carried out for the stability analysis of earth dam by the variation of compaction density. The test samples were taken from five kinds of soil used for banking material and the degree of compaction for this samples were chosen 100, 95, 90, 85, and 80 percent. The stability problems were analysed by the settlement and camber( extra banking) of dam, strength parameter and dam slope, and coefficient of permeability and seapage flow through dam body. The results of the stability analysis of earth dam are as follows. 1. The more the fine particle increases and lower the compaction degree becomes, the lower the preconsolidation load becomes but the compression index becomes higher. 2. Sixty to eighty percent of settlement of dam occurs during the construction period and the settlement ratio after completion of dam is inversly proportional to the degree of compaction. 3. The camber of dam has heigher value in condition that it has more fine particle(N) and heigher dam height(H) with the relation of H= e(aN-bH-e). 4. The cohesion(C) decreases in proportion to compaction degree(D) and fine particle(N) with the relation of C= aD+ bN-c, but the internal friction angle is almost constant regardless of change of degree of compaction. 5. In fine soil, strength parameter from triaxial compression test is smaller than that from direct shear test but, they are almost same in coarse soil regardless of the test method. 6. The safety factor of the dam slope generally decreases in proportion to cohesion and degree of compaction but, in case of coarse soil, it is less related to the degree of compaction and is mainly afected by internal friction angle. 7. Soil permeability(K) decreases by the increases of the degree of compaction and fine particle with relation of K=e(a-bl)-cN) 8. The more compaction thickness is, the less vertical permeability (Kv) is but the more h6rzontal permeability (KH) is, and ratio of Kv versus KH is largest in range from 85 to 90 percent of degree of corn paction. 9. With the compaction more than 85 percent and coefficient of permeability less than ${\alpha}$X 10-$^3$cm/sec, the earth dam is generally safe from the piping action.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2006

본 논문은 2차원 동적 진동문제를 공간-시간 유한요소법으로 해석하고 있다. 공간-시간 유한요소법은 공간만 분할하는 재래식 유한요소해석에 비해 보다 해를 빠르고 쉽게 얻을 수 있다. 상대적으로 큰 시간간격에 대해서 공간과 시간을 동시에 분할하는 공간-시간 유한요소 근사법을 제시한다. 가중잔차법으로 공간-시간 영역에 대해 유한요소법을 정식화하였으며 선형 사변형 공간-시간 유한요소를 선택하여 해의 안정성에 관하여 언급하였다. 일반적 동적문제에서는 상대적인 큰 시간간격으로 인하여 해의 불안정을 야기 시키고 있으나 본 연구에서는 수치의 안정성을 보여주고 있다. 비구조 공간-시간 유한요소법은 재래식 수치해석에서 흔히 발생하는 해의 불안정성에 대한 결점을 보완함은 물론 효과적인 계산방법을 지니고 있다. 이 방법의 효율성을 위해 수치예제들을 제시하였다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.190-198
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• 2011

프리캐스트 콘크리트제품은 빠른 시공, 노동력 절감, 높은 품질확보의 장점을 가지고 있어 옹벽구조물 분야에도 많이 적용하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 철도에 적용되는 프리캐스트 프리스트레스트로 제작된 옹벽의 동적안정성을 평가하기 위하여 이동열차 하중 재하상태에서의 수치해석을 수행하였다. 해석에는 2차원 유한요소 해석이 적용되었다. 궤도에 작용하는 이동열차하중은 이동하중에 대한 충격력을 대표하는 조도성분의 위상각 자료와 열차자중을 대표하는 준정적 하중을 조합하여 사용하였다. 해석에는 노반과 옹벽구조물의 시간영역 변위, 응력, 가속도 결과값을 이용하여 옹벽의 동적안정성을 평가하였으며, 평가결과 충분한 적용성을 확인하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1252-1258
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• 2018

Objective: This study was carried out to determine the effects of cumin essential oil on the silage fermentation, aerobic stability and in vitro digestibility of alfalfa silages. Methods: Alfalfa was harvested at early bloom (5th cutting) stage in October and wilted for about 3 hours. The research was carried out at three groups which were the control group where no additive control was done (CON), cumin essential oil (CMN3) with 300 mg/kg and CMN5 with 500 mg/kg cumin essential oil addition. Alfalfa was ensiled in plastic bags. The packages were stored at $8^{\circ}C{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ under laboratory conditions. All groups were sampled for physical, chemical and microbiological analysis 120th day after ensiling. At the end of the ensiling period, all silages were subjected to an aerobic stability test for 7 days. In addition, enzimatic solubility of organic matter (ESOM), metabolizable energy (ME), and relative feed value (RFV) of these silages were determined. Results: pH level decreased in the cumin groups compared to CON (p<0.05), thus inhibiting proteolytic enzymes from breaking down proteins into ammonia. In addition, it increased ESOM amount, and concordantly provided an increase of ME contents. Similarly, dry matter intake and RFV ratio increased. After opening the silage, it kept its aerobic stability for three days. Conclusion: Cumin essential oil improved fermentation, and affected chemical and microbiological characteristics of silages. Especially the addition of 300 mg/kg cumin provided cell wall fractionation through stimulating the activities of enzymes responsible. It also increased the number and activity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) through providing a development of LAB.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.76-81
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• 2014

화재와 같은 고온 시 구조부재의 붕괴를 방지함으로써 재실자와 소방관계자 그리고 재산을 보호할 수 있는 방법은 구조부재의 내화성능을 확보하는 것이며, 이는 시방적 내화설계방법인 내화시험을 통하여 확보되어 왔다. 그러나 내화시험에 수반되는 시험체 제작과 운반 그리고 막대한 시험 비용의 반복적 사용 등은 새로운 공법과 재료 개발의 문제점으로 대두되었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 일반 등급(SS 400) 강재의 고온 시 항복강도, 탄성계수와 열전달 및 열응력 해석을 적용하여 H형강 보부재의 표면온도 상승 및 고온 시 내력 변화를 평가하였다. 또한 H형강 보부재의 길이 변화에 따른 고온 시의 보부재의 내력평가를 수행하여 각각의 길이변화에 따른 내력 변화의 차이를 평가하였다.