• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.13-17
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• 1997

A causal agent of bacterial soft rot occurring in soybean sprout cultivation in Korea was isolated and identified, and its incidence in several sprout-soybean cultivars was examined. Infected soybean seeds became light brown and whitish, and could not germinate until 3 days after seeding, accompanying rotting of soybean seeds and sprouts. The causal organism isolated from the rotten seeds and sprouts was identified as Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora on the basis of its pathogenicity, morphological and physiological characteristics and the results of the Biolog GN microplate test program. The bacterial soft rot by E. c. subsp. carotovora was firstly described in soybean sprout in Korea, and we name it“the bacterial soft rot of soybean sprout”. The disease occurred more frequently in Nam-hae and Fu-reun sprout-soybean cultivars than in Eun-ha, So-baek, and Ik-san cultivars.

• 식물병과 농업
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.41-45
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• 1999

Bacterial population densities on soybean pods from Chungnam province ranges 105~106 CFU/$\textrm{cm}^2$, whereas those of bacteria causing sprout rot ranged 0~103 CFU/$\textrm{cm}^2$. Erwinia chrysanthemi, Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines, Staphylococcus sp., and Micrococcus sp. were identified as pathogenic bacteria causing soybean sprout rot. The population density of X. campestris pv. glycines was higher than those of other bacteria.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.368-372
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• 1999

The practicality of utilizing chitosan as a natural antimicrobial compound to reduce soybean sprout rot was tested. Domestic and imported soybean seeds were soaked for 6 hours in solutions containing different levels of chitosan and acetic acid (glacial), and cultured at $25^{\circ}C$ for 6 days. In case of domestic seeds, soaking with 1,000ppm chitosan increased germination percentage, hypocotyl thickness, total length, and fresh weight of sprouts by 4%, 5%, 2%, and 1%, respectively. The total sprout yield was increased by chitosan in a concentration-dependent manner in that 1,000ppm chitosan resulted in 8% increment of total yield (7.47kg sprouts/kg seed). Chitosan significantly reduced sprout rot percentage to 7.0% compared to control (13.8%), and consequently enhanced marketable sprout yield by 39%. Compared to domestic seeds, the imported soybean seeds exhibited very low germination percentage regardless of chitosan treatments. Chitosan, nevertheless, consistently induced yield increment and rot decrement in imported soybean sprouts. Although 100ppm acetic acid was effective in reducing sprout rot percentage down to 11.8%, its yield-increasing effects were not as prominent as chitosan. In conclusion, soaking soybean seeds with chitosan seems to be a practical method to enhance the efficiency of soybean sprout production.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2000

재배중인 콩나물의 용기 내 품온의 저하 및 부패 경감을 통하여 콩나물 생산성을 증대코다 콩나물 재배 용기(30$\times$28$\times$25cm) 내부에 다공성 PVC 환기봉(지름 32mm$\times$높이25cm ; 128개의 지름 2mm 환기구)을 1, 3, 5개씩 수직방향으로 설치하고 6일간 콩나물을 재배하며 품온의 변화 및 수량, 상품성 개체비율, 부패율 등을 조사한 결과 환기봉 설치에 의하여 용기 내부의 온도가 저하됨을 알 수 있었는데, 특히 바닥에서 5cm 높이의 하층 및 10cm 높이의 증측 부위가 15cm 상층 부위(3.$0^{\circ}C$)에서 보다 효율적으로 온도가 저하되어 각각 4.7$^{\circ}C$ 및 3.9$^{\circ}C$의 온도 저하효과가 나타났으며, 용기 내부 상/중/하층의 온도 편차가 감소되어 균일한 콩나물 생산이 가능할 것으로 사료되며 수확된 콩나물의 성상 및 수량 조사결과 수율과 상품성 개체 비율이 무처리에 비해 각각 3.9%, 4.0% 증대되고 부패율은 4% 감소되는 등 콩나물 재배시 환기봉을 사용함으로써 농약을 사용치 않으면서 콩나물의 재배 용기 내 품온 저하를 통한 부패 경감과 콩나물생산성 향상이 가능할 것으로 나타났다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.280-283
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• 2003

A soybean-sprout rot epidemic occurred in a mass production soybean sprout factory in 2000 and 2001 in Korea, which caused up to 20% production loss. Among the causal pathogenic bacteria and fungi, Pythium deliense was found to be the dominant pathogen of severe root and hypocotyls rot, particularly in recirculating water system. An average of 90% of the isolated fungi from the rotted sprout on potato dextrose agar were Pythium sp. The fungal density of Pythium in the sampled water was monitored in the recycled water system for 1 year using a selective medium (com meal agar with Pimaricin, 10 mg； Rifampicin, 10 mg； and Ampicillin, 100 mg per 1 liter). The drained water from the soybean-sprout cultivation always had a certain amount of fungus in it. The removal of Pythium from the recycling water system must be thorough, safe, and environment friendly. However, the pathogen in the water was easily found even after ozone and chlorine treatments, which were devised on the recycling system for the removal of microorganisms. 5-$\mu\textrm{m}$ pore size filter was applied and was able to successfully control the disease. As the sprout industry increasingly shifts into mass production, the demand for water will increase continuously. Recycling water for sprout production is eco-friendly. However, a process must be devised to be able to first decompose organic matters before Pythium zoospores are filtered.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.317-323
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• 1997

Erwinia rarotovora subsp carotovora에 의한 콩나물 무름병 발생을 인위적인 조건하에서 조사하였다. 콩나물의 재배 온도가 콩나물 무름병 발생과 생장에 미치는 영향은 3$0^{\circ}C$이상의 고온에서 무름병 발생율이 높아졌으며 35$^{\circ}C$에서는 약 22%의 발병율을 나타내었다. 종피와 자엽 부위에 인위적인 상처를 낸 경우 70%이상의 발병율을 보였으며 콩나물의 신장을 억제하였다. 습도는 90%이상 유지시 33%의 발병율을 보였으며 콩나물의 생장을 억제시켰다. 콩나물 재배 배출액을 관수액으로 재이용하였을 때 무름병의 발병율이 증가하였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2003

Soybean sprout pathogenic bacteria were isolated from the large, deep containers of a commercial factory. Over a period of one year, 40 pathogenic-like bacteria were isolated among a total of 732 isolates. In addition to bacteria previously reported to be associated with rotting, such as Pseudomonas putida and Erwinia carotovora, several other genera were also identified: Acinetobacter spp., Chryseobacterium spp., Klebsiella sp., Pantoea agglomerans, Bacillus sp. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis using the Microbial ID (MIDI) system, and 16s rRNA sequence analysis, yielded identical results, confirming the identities of these microorganisms. Several types of selective media were not good for identification and determination of population structure in commercial environments, as colony type was not specific to the genus. There was no dominant bacterium, and we were not able to find the main bacterium responsible for soybean spout rot. Even though we did not identify a major target for controlling rot or screening for resistant cultivars, the results of this study indicated that bacterial rot of soybean sprout is endemic. In addition, it emerged that factory epidemics in summer are not caused by the bacteria isolated in this study.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.174-179
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• 2007

Seedlot disinfection techniques to control mung bean sprout rot caused by Colletoricum acutatum and C. gloeosporioides were evaluated for commercial production scheme. Soaking seedlots in propolis (100 X) and ethanol (20% for 30 min) appeared promising with control values of 85.5 and 80.8 respectively, but still resulted in up to 20% rot incidence. None of the C. acutatum conidia survived through hot water immersion treatment (HWT) for 10 min at temperatures of 55, 60 and $65^{\circ}C$, whereas the effective range of the dry heat treatment (DHT) was $60-65^{\circ}C$. Tolerance of mung bean seedlot, as estimated by hypocotyl elongation and root growth, was lower for HWT than for DHT. Germination and growth of sprouts were excellent over the range of $55-65^{\circ}C\;at\;5^{\circ}C$ intervals, except for HWT at $65^{\circ}C$ for 5 min. At this marginal condition, heat damage appeared so that approximately 2% of seeds failed to sprout to normal germling and retarded sprouts were less than 5% with coarse wrinkled hypocotyls. These results suggested that DHT would be more feasible to disinfect mung bean seedlots for commercial sprout production. Heat treatment at above ranges was highly effective in eliminating the epiphytic bacterial strains associated with marketed sprout rot samples. HWT of seedlot at 55 and $60^{\circ}C$ for 5 min resulted in successful control of mung bean sprout rot incidence with marketable sprout quality. DHT at 60 and $65^{\circ}C$ for 30 min also gave good results through the small-scale sprouting system. Therefore, we optimized DHT scheme at 60 and $65^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, considering the practical value of seedlot disinfection with high precision and accuracy. This was further proved to be a feasible and reliable method against anthracnose incidence and those bacterial strains associated with marketed sprout rot samples as well, through factory scale mung bean sprout production system.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.361.3-361
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• 2001

Identification of soybean sprout rot pathogens.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2016

Soybean sprouts have been a considered a nutrient-rich vegetable for hundreds of years. To evaluate the seedlot quality of soybean sprouts grown, and to evaluate a method for reducing the presence of improper seeds in soybean seedlots, microbes associated with soybean sprout rot were isolated from samples collected. Morphological characteristics and gas chromatography profiles of the cultured fungal and bacterial strains were identified. Eight types of improper seeds were identified: purple stain(Ps), black rot(Br), seed coat black spot(Cb), wrinkled seed(Ws), brown hilum(Bh), seed coat fracture(Cf), unripe seed(Us), and brown seed coat(Bc). The improper seeds were also dipped into 15%, 20%, and 25% NaCl solutions, as well as a saturated solution of NaCl, for 1min. As the NaCl concentration increased, the number of floating improper seeds increased as well. The highest floating rates were observed for the Cf seeds.