• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국농업기계학회 1996년도 International Conference on Agricultural Machinery Engineering Proceedings
• /
• pp.802-811
• /
• 1996

Farmers need alternatives for weed control due to the desire to reduce chemicals used in farming. However, conventional mechanical cultivation cannot selectively remove weeds located in the seedline between crop plants and there are no selective heribicides for some crop/weed situations. Since hand labor is costly , an automated weed control system could be feasible. A robotic weed control system can also reduce or eliminate the need for chemicals. Currently no such system exists for removing weeds located in the seedline between crop plants. The goal of this project is to build a real-time , machine vision weed control system that can detect crop and weed locations. remove weeds and thin crop plants. In order to accomplish this objective , a real-time robotic system was developed to identify and locate outdoor plants using machine vision technology, pattern recognition techniques, knowledge-based decision theory, and robotics. The prototype weed control system is composed f a real-time computer vision system, a uniform illumination device, and a precision chemical application system. The prototype system is mounted on the UC Davis Robotic Cultivator , which finds the center of the seedline of crop plants. Field tests showed that the robotic spraying system correctly targeted simulated weeds (metal coins of 2.54 cm diameter) with an average error of 0.78 cm and the standard deviation of 0.62cm.

• 동력기계공학회지
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.162-167
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to improve the hysteresis characteristics of a stack type piezoelectric actuator using system identification and tracking control. Recently, several printing methods that are cost less and faster than previous semiconductor processes have been developed for the production of electric paper and RFID(Radio Frequency IDentification). The system proposed in this study prints by spraying the molten metal. And this system consist of a nozzle, heating furnace, operating actuator and an XYZ 3-axis stage. As an operating system, the piezoelectric(PZT) actuator is a very useful tool for position control of the metal printing system. However, the PZT actuator has a hysteresis nonlinearity due to the ferroelectric characteristics of the PZT element. This hysteresis causes problem position control characteristics in the system and deteriorates the performance of the system. In this study, an investigation was conducted to improve the hysteresis characteristics of the PZT actuator that has an output displacement for the input voltage. In order to reduce the hysteresis nonlinearity of the PZT actuator, this proposed a inverse hysteresis model and a mathematic modeling method that can express the geometric relationship between voltage and displacement. In addition, system identification and PID control methods were examined. Also, it was confirmed that the proposed control strategy gives good tracking performance.

• 생물환경조절학회지
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.298-310
• /
• 1998

본 연구에서는 온실냉방용 포그시스템 설계시 필요한 기초자료 확보를 위하여 경상대학교내 실험온실에 설치한 3종류의 노즐을 중심으로 분무특성에 대해 실험을 수행하였다. 그 결과 단위 노즐당 분무량은 분무압력이 증가할수록 증가하나, 각 노즐에서 공히 분무압력의 증가에 따른 분무량의 증가율이 일정하지 않았다. 노즐의 유형 I, II, III형별로 전체 실험분무압력에서 최소입경은 각각 약 1.7~2.5$\mu$m, 1.7~2.2$\mu$m 및 1.7~2.2$\mu$m이었고, 최대입경은 각각 약 44~60$\mu$m, 52~71$\mu$m 및 45~61$\mu$m이었으며, 평균입경은 각각 약 23~38$\mu$m, 19~24$\mu$m 및 17~25$\mu$m범위에 있었다. 그리고 노즐 I, II, III 별로 분무입경이 가장 양호하다고 판단된 분무압력은 각각 70kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$, 30kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ 및 30kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$이었으며, 그 때의 분무량은 각각 124mL/min, 103mL/min 및 84mL/min정도였고, 평균입경은 각각 약 22.6$\mu$m, 21.8$\mu$m 및 20.6$\mu$m정도였다. 또한 전체 입경분포에서 30$\mu$m이하가 차지하는 비율은 노즐(I, II 및 III)별로 각각 95.4%, 85.7%, 79.0%정도였으며, 비교적 입자가 큰 40$\mu$m이상이 차지하는 비율은 각각 0.2%, 1.28% 및 1.67%정도였다. 그러나 이들 노즐들의 분무입자 크기는 대부분 포그의 한계입경인 50$\mu$m이하에 속하였다.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.531-536
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to improve the hysteresis characteristics of a stack type piezoelectric actuator using system identification and tracking control. Recently, several printing methods that cost less and are faster than previous semiconductor processes have been developed for the production of electric paper and RFID. The system proposed in this study prints by spraying the molten metal, and consists of a nozzle, heating furnace, operating actuator, and an XYZ 3-axis stage, As an operating system, the piezoelectric(PZT) method has very valuable uses. However, the PZT actuator has a very big hysteresis characteristic due to the ferroelectric characteristics of the PZT element. This causes problems in the system position control characteristics and deteriorates the performance of the system. In this study, an investigation was conducted to improve the hysteresis characteristics of the PZT actuator that has an output displacement for the input voltage. The study proposed a inverse hysteresis model, a mathematic modeling method that can express the geometric relationship between voltage and displacement, in order to reduce the hysteresis of the PZT actuator. In addition, system identification and PID control methods were examined. Also, it was confirmed that the proposed control strategy gives good precision position control performance.

• 동력기계공학회지
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.35-40
• /
• 1998

In this study, the author investigated the effects of strengthening treatments on the mechanical properties of plasma sprayed Ni-base self fluxing alloy. Strengthening treatments for sprayed specimens were carried out in 4 different temperature conditions in vacuum furnace. The mechanical properties, such as microhardness, thermal shock resistance and erosion resistance were tested for the sprayed specimens after strengthening treatments. And it was proved that the mechanical properties of coating layer were much improved by strengthening treatments.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한원격탐사학회 2002년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
• /
• pp.746-749
• /
• 2002

This paper is introducing a radio control helicopter as a new platform of ground truth measurement. This helicopter is normally used for spraying an agricultural chemical. It can do pinpoint hovering and programing flight using DGPS etc., A spectrometer with dual port can measure ground surface and white reference plate at the same time. And it can also take digital images by digital camera. It is needed to collect ground reflectance information as satellite sensor footprint size for satellite data validation. Generally it is possible to get such ground reflectance by an airplane measurement. But it is high cost and not so easy to make a measurement by airplane. Developed validation system can provide such ground reflectance in low cost and easy.

• 동력기계공학회지
• /
• 제2권3호
• /
• pp.49-54
• /
• 1998

This paper is investigated of hardness and adhesiveness of plasma sprayed coating steels by AE(Acoustic Emission) testing when loading a tensile. AE Parameters used are Event, Count, Energy and Amplitude. Test specimens are carbon steel(S45C) with sprayed coating layers of Ni-4.5wt.%Al(bond coating) and $TiO_2$(top coating), and carry out heat treatment at $800^{\circ}C\;and\;1000^{\circ}C$, respectively. The micro-hardness of the heat treatment specimen have been improved more than that of non-heat treatment. On the tensile test, the process and occurence of the exfoliation of the sprayed coating layer can be estimated by AE Characteristics of AE parameters, such as event, count, amplitude and energy, on the layer exfoliation are shown the similar aspects. The exfoliation of bond coating occure at about 20% of strain and top coating is about 5% of strain.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정밀공학회 2000년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.587-590
• /
• 2000

The new core making method economized on core sand requested. The new method is heating core box until it reaches reasonable temperature and then spraying core sand with core binder into core box. Inner temperature distribution have to uniform in order to form core of uniform thickness. Therefore, in this study we treat of inner temperature distribution of core box in priority. First, determine proper torch number. Next, optimize the torch position to minimize the average of absolute deviation(AVEDEV) of inner temperature. The results are as followed : 1. The torch number that makes inner temperature distribution about $300^\circ{C}$ uniformly is 25. 2. When $S_H$ and $S_V$ is 0.7, the torch position is optimized and AVEDEV is 5.85.

• 동력기계공학회지
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.90-95
• /
• 2005

The wire-arc process is a low-cost thermal spray method simply utilizes electrical energy to melt the feedstock wire. It is more userful for field applications, especially to coat large surface area. In this paper, a special Fe-based alloy coatings by using the wire-arc process were developed. Nanoscale composite coatings were achieved either during spraying or through a post heat treatment. As-sprayed Fe-based alloy coatings had been an amorphous matrix structure, after heating to $700^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes a solid state transformation occurred in the some fraction of amorphous matrix which resulted in the formation of nanostructured recrystallized phase. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and field emotional scanning electron microscope(FE-SEM) were applied to analyze the microstructure of the coatings. Additionally hardness and bend resistance of the Fe-based alloy coatings were examined, and these results were compared with those of partially stabilized zirconia(PSZ) coatings by using the plasma spray process.

• 동력기계공학회지
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.38-43
• /
• 2004

Thermal spraying onto the metal substrate has been widely used as a technique of the surface treatment in the various industrial field. A wide range of thermal spray technologies exist and all rely on the fundamental process of fusing a metal feedstock, atomizing it and transporting it to the surface of a substrate. Specially, these methods have been taken into account as the protection method against the corrosion. In this study, the polarization characteristics were carried out on the thermal sprayed coating layer immersed in various pH of diluted aqueous solutions at $25^{\circ}C$. Aluminum, Zinc, Ni-base alloy, alumina and polyethylene powder were used with sprayed coating materials. From the polarization curves, the electrochemical corrosion potential($E_{corr}$) and the corrosion current density($I_{corr}$) were investigated.