• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.3126-3145
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• 2014

Cloud computing is a computing paradigm in which users can rent computing resources from service providers according to their requirements. A spot instance in cloud computing helps a user to obtain resources at a lower cost. However, a crucial weakness of spot instances is that the resources can be unreliable anytime due to the fluctuation of instance prices, resulting in increasing the failure time of users' job. In this paper, we propose a Genetic Algorithm (GA)-based workflow scheduling scheme that can find the optimal task size of each instance in a spot instance-based cloud computing environment without increasing users' budgets. Our scheme reduces total task execution time even if an out-of-bid situation occurs in an instance. The simulation results, based on a before-and-after GA comparison, reveal that our scheme achieves performance improvements in terms of reducing the task execution time on average by 7.06%. Additionally, the cost in our scheme is similar to that when GA is not applied. Therefore, our scheme can achieve better performance than the existing scheme, by optimizing the task size allocated to each available instance throughout the evolutionary process of GA.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1864-1870
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• 2004

A spot welded structures have an influence on a diverse climatic situation, for instance temperature, humidity and precipitation. In addition factors of environmental pollution such as acid rain, that courses corrosion, have the tendency to increase. But spot welded structures strength is affected by humidity and environment temperature. Therefore, it is important to evaluate effect of temperature and water immersion on strength properties of spot welded part. In this study, the strength distribution of spot welded plates is evaluated the environmental temperature of zinc coated steel plates. Test is conducted with welded part immersed in distilled and synthetic sea water. Specimens are immersed into water for 10, 100, 500 and 1000 hours to evaluate the offsets of water immersion time on tensile-shear strength under the conditions of -40, 0, 20 and 5$0^{\circ}C$. From this result, spot welded specimens with 5 mm clearance have lower tensile-shear strength in the distilled water or synthetic sea water than without clearance. And they have lower tensile-shear strength under -4$0^{\circ}C$ and over 5$0^{\circ}C$.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.40 no.9
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• pp.1802-1807
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• 2015

The cloud computing service provides physical IT resources to VM instances to users using virtual technique and the users pay cost of VM instances to service provider. The auction model based on cloud computing provides available resources of service provider to users through auction mechanism. The users bid spot instances to process their a job until its deadline time. If the bidding price of users is higher than the spot price, the user will be provided the spot instances by service provider. In this paper, we propose a new bidding strategy to minimize the total cost for job completion. Typically, the users propose bidding price as high as possible to get the spot instances and the spot price get high. we lower the spot price using proposed strategy and minimize the total cost for job completion. To evaluate the performance of our strategy, we compare the spot price and the total cost for job completion with real workload data.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.191-193
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• 2011

클라우드 환경에서 스팟 인스턴스(spot instance)는 사용자가 제시한 입찰 가격으로 클라우드 내의 자원을 활용하도록 해 준다. 그러나 사용자의 입찰 가격이 클라우드 자원 가격보다 높으면 작업 실패가 발생하고 이로 인해 작업 완료 시간의 지연과 서비스 품질의 저하를 야기한다. 이 문제에 효과적으로 대처하기 위해, 본 논문에서는 시간 문턱치 기반의 검사점(time threshold-based checkpointing) 기법을 제안하고, 시뮬레이션을 통하여 작업 수행 시간과 비용 절감 관점에서 기존 기법과 비교 분석한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.215-218
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• 2012

스팟 인스턴스(Spot instance)는 클라우드 환경에서 사용자가 제시한 입찰 가격으로 클라우드 내의 자원을 이용하여 작업을 수행할 수 있게 하는 새로운 방식이다. 사용자는 자신의 입찰 금액이 클라우드 내의 스팟 인스턴스 가격을 초과하는 한 인스턴스를 실행할 수 있다. 그러나 입찰 가격이 스팟 가격보다 낮다면 작업 실패가 발생하고, 이로 인해 작업 완료 시간은 지연되며 서비스 품질은 저하된다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해, 본 논문에서는 스팟 인스턴스에서 사용자 비드가 초과되어 작업 수행이 중지된 VM에 대하여 체크포인트 기법과 VM 이주(migration) 기법을 이용함으로써 작업 대기 시간을 줄이는 방법을 제안한다. 이는 작업 중인 스팟 인스턴스에서 작업 실패가 발생할 경우 다른 인스턴스로 이주하여 작업을 재수행하는 기법이다. 실험 결과는 제안하는 VM 이주 기법이 작업을 수행할 수 있는 스팟 인스턴스의 가용성을 증가시킬 수 있음을 보여준다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.189-191
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• 2013

구글, 아마존 및 GoGrid 와 같은 클라우드 서비스 제공자(Cloud Service Providers)들은 서비스 사용자의 자원 사용 특성을 고려하여, 다양한 클라우드 서비스 가격 정책을 제공한다. 서비스 가격 정책은 할당되는 가상자원을 크게 온디맨드(On-demand), 예약형(Reserved) 및 스팟(Spot) 인스턴스로 구분하여 가격을 결정한다. 즉 클라우드 서비스 사용자는 자신의 응용을 고려하여 할당 받고자 하는 자원의 예상 사용 시간 및 허용 예산을 기반으로 최적화된 자원 할당을 요청해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 최적화 계산 시간 최소화 및 자원 할당 비용의 절감을 달성하면서도 사용자의 SLA를 보장할 수 있는 적응적 가상 자원 인스턴스 할당 요청 기법을 소개하고자 한다. 본 기법은 서비스 디맨드에 효율적으로 대응하면서도 응용에 따른 적절한 자원 할당을 수행할 수 있다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.128-134
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• 2008

On-line game industry had accomplished much growths and development When manufacture game adaptively and easily game manufacture pipeline and fast manufacture schedule that is shorted according to special quality of on-line by one of pain of game companies, application need manufacture pipe line Wish to collect existing manufacture process and pipeline connection research and collect existing spot manufacture pipeline through present office specialist, analyze synthesis and draw game manufacture element and manufacture pipeline in this research. Analyze pipeline of that research progress process is overview and on-line game arcade game Mobile crab collection and progressed pipeline that is optimized by this by period of ten days that draw conclusion after deduction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.326-329
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• 2005

As a flexible method to fabricate sub-micrometer patterns, Focused Ion Beam (FIB) instrument and Self-Assembled Monolayer (SAM) resist are introduced in this work. FIB instrument is known to be a very precise processing machine that is able to fabricate micro-scale structures or patterns, and SAM is known as a good etch resistance resist material. If SAM is applied as a resist in FIB processing fur fabricating nano-scale patterns, there will be much benefit. For instance, low energy ion beam is only needed for machining SAM material selectively, since ultra thin SAM is very sensitive to $Ga^+$ ion beam irradiation. Also, minimized beam spot radius (sub-tens nanometer) can be applied to FIB processing. With the ultimate goal of optimizing nano-scale pattern fabrication process, interaction between SAM coated specimen and $Ga^+$ ion dose during FIB processing was observed. From the experimental results, adequate ion dose for machining SAM material was identified.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.11-22
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• 2012

The traditional market in the nation was forced to decrease greatly users as well as sales because of opening of all of the markets, Internet shopping mall, home shopping and other new types of marketing businesses to lose market functions remarkably. Therefore, the Agency for Traditional Market Administration of Small & Medium Business Administration made efforts to develop traditional market, for instance, modernization of the facilities to improve physical environment, and improvement of each shop by using VMD, and so on. The purpose of the study was to examine efficiency of VMD shops for development of traditional market by the Agency for Traditional Market Administration and effects of VMD upon sales of each shop, and to help establish VMD strategies for customer satisfactions as well as visual environment of traditional market. The author visited five shops at Busan Jin Market, special market of articles for wedding ceremony that joined VMD shop guide of traditional market, and taught VMD on-the-spot and investigated it. Questionnaire of Agency for Traditional Market Administration was used to interview shop owners, shopkeepers and consumers, etc and to examine factors of changes of sales and customers' satisfactions before and after VMD. The purpose of the study was to investigate effects and satisfactions of increase of the sales of VMD shop guide that the government promoted to develop traditional market so far. Therefore, the author investigated VMD presentation, increase of the sales before and after VMD presentation, increase of number of customers, and satisfactions, etc of Korean clothes shops that joined improvement of VMD shop guide of traditional market of the government in 2010. The author investigated effects of the sales, increase of customers and satisfactions, etc by case study and empirical analysis, and she presented user-oriented VMD presentation techniques of traditional market and suggested improvement. After applying VMD, the shops could increase sales more than 20 percent in average, and satisfaction of VMD presentation was more than 88 points or more to be very much high. This study suggested VMD strategies and presentation of traditional market to give consumers affirmative visual images and to develop traditional market.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.85-96
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• 1998

This is a study on the revitalization of the fashion design studios (planning and production companies of clothing) in compliance with the request from the Small and Medium Business Administration. It's purpose is to strengthen the competence of the petty company and eventually frourish the Korean Fashion Business. The research method to conduct this study consists of two parts. First part is the research on the domestic industry mainly by questionaire, interviews and literature reviews. After making out the directory of the design studios (total of 700), 85 studios were selected for the questionaire. And by interviewing them, data with more depth was obtained. The second part is the research of the foreign cases. In the case of Japan, survey was done on the spot. However, in the case of Italy, literature review and interview with specialists were made. Also in order to higher the efficiency of the study an advisory committee and final explanatory meeting was carried into effect. This study has started first by looking into the significance and function of the fashion design studios. Then, a full scale examination was made centering around the questionarie of the present conditions of the companies. General conditions were first observed. Then the survey was done by grouping the industry by the industrial classifications such as woven, knit, leather mustang fur and fashion accesaries. The problems these companies face are that they are petty in scale and in lack of speciality, professional training, government support. Also, they are without an association or an organization that speaks for them and they face problems while doing business with others. Cases of Japan and Italy were surveyed as the example of the advanced nations. In the case of Japan, development of planning and management company, Fashion Soft House, was analyzed. Italy for instance, the function of the studios was looked into centering around the silk complex, Como, knit product complex, Capri. Also, precedent cases of brands and developing factor of the fashion industry was examined. Finally, on the basis of the result of the study, a plan to revitalize the fashion design studios was presented centering around the strategic planning, management, production, developing of talent, improvement of relationship between business acqaintance, and the support policy of the government.