• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.219-227
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• 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of bobsleigh shoes on the lower extremity range of motion and start speed lap time and to develop bobsleigh shoes suitable for winter environments and Korean players based on sports science and optimized biomechanical performance. Background: The bobsleigh shoes used in the start section of the sport are one of the most important equipment for improving athletes' performances. Despite the importance of the start section, there are no shoes that are specifically designed for Korean bobsleigh athletes. Thus, Korean athletes have to wear sprint spike shoes instead of bobsleigh shoes to practice the start. Method: The subjects included four bobsleigh athletes from the Gangwon Province Bobsleigh Skeleton Federation. The study selected the bobsleigh shoe type A (company A) and type B (company B). We analyzed the lower extremity range of motion and sprint time (start line to 10 m) using a Motion Analysis System (USA). Results: In the measurement of the time required for the bobsleigh start section (10 m), the type A shoes demonstrated the fastest section record by $2.765{\pm}0.086sec$ and yielded more efficient movements, hip and knee flexion, hip extension, ankle dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, and inversion than the type B shoes. Conclusion: Type A shoes can yield a better performance via effective lower extremity movements in the bobsleigh start section. Application: In the future, functional analysis should be conducted by comparing the upper material properties, comfort, and muscle fatigue of bobsleigh shoes based on the Type A shoes to develop such shoes suitable for Koreans.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.533-547
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• 2018

The objective of this study is to examine the perception of golfwear and related trends based on major keywords and associated words related to golfwear utilizing big data. For this study, the data was collected from blogs, Jisikin and Tips, news articles, and web $caf{\acute{e}}$ from two of the most commonly used search engines (Naver & Daum) containing the keywords, 'Golfwear' and 'Golf clothes'. For data collection, frequency and matrix data were extracted through Textom, from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2017. From the matrix created by Textom, Degree centrality, Closeness centrality, Betweenness centrality, and Eigenvector centrality were calculated and analyzed by utilizing Netminer 4.0. As a result of analysis, it was found that the keyword 'brand' showed the highest rank in web visibility followed by 'woman', 'size', 'man', 'fashion', 'sports', 'price', 'store', 'discount', 'equipment' in the top 10 frequency rankings. For centrality calculations, only the top 30 keywords were included because the density was extremely high due to high frequency of the co-occurring keywords. The results of centrality calculations showed that the keywords on top of the rankings were similar to the frequency of the raw data. When the frequency was adjusted by subtracting 100 and 500 words, it showed different results as the low-ranking keywords such as J. Lindberg in the frequency analysis ranked high along with changes in the rankings of all centrality calculations. Such findings of this study will provide basis for marketing strategies and ways to increase awareness and web visibility for Golfwear brands.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.247-264
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to establish the concept of self - management in university athletes through two integrated research methods as an open-ended questionnaire and focus group interview. Data collection was conducted with open questionnaire for 157 athletes attending in Seoul Gyeonggi-do university and the 14 university athletes were collected data by focus group interview. Results from a series of research procedures are as follow. First, the result of open-ended questionnaire's inductive content analysis, university athletes' self management included 8 general sectors such as life management, training management, competitive management, emotion management, study management, interpersonal management, goal(motivation) management, equipment management. Second, in the focus group interview results, inductive content analysis was more properly supported, and interviews focused on sports field were deeply derived. The results of this study will be used as a basic data to establish strategies for successful athletes' life and develop to university athletes' self management.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.104-114
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• 2011

There is rising interest in green energy, energy efficient equipment, and products as countries show increased interest in 'Low Carbon and Green Growth'. The cellphone has become one of the essential influences on modem people beyond the meaning itself by the release and the commercialization of the Smartphone. Thus, it considers that the introduction of fashion for cellphones and digital devices to be always on should be a quite natural design attempt for humans to wear clothes at all times. In addition, outdoor activities increase as the population enjoys more sports and leisure time that requires the development of specialized outwear such as the development of a functional jacket. This specialized field is associated with higher value-added businesses. This study made a prototype of a functional jacket equipped with solar cells that established a system of a fashion design that is harmonious with green growth as a plan to measure of fashion design for green growth. The objects of this study are as follow: First, the study seeks a design method for green growth. Second, it makes a prototype to present the improved design method. Third, it presents the establishment of a design system that considers green growth and the concrete measures practical for the system. It established the design system and made the prototype of functional jacket equipped with solar cells, LED, and digital devices as a measure of design for green growth based on the improvement plan of the design that the problems had been supplemented for. Previous studies were mainly about prototypes that attempted to equip mobile digital devices as a study of smart wear; however, this study leaves the issue of power supply for a follow-up study that is different from preceding studies.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.231-241
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze the distribution of foot pressure generated by active materials of a functional insole. Comfort is an important consideration while selectingfootwear and insoles. Consequently, it has an influence on injury. The development of new materials for functional insoles is considered one of the more important points for their manufacture. The method adopted in this study is as follows. First, ten healthy males were selected as subjects for the study. Each subject's foof was pre-screened podoscope(Alfoots, Korea) to check for the presence of any foot abnormalities, Two kinds of equipment were used for the study: a foot pressure device from Pedar-X, Germany, and a treadmill from Pulsefitness, UK. Next, each subject was asked to test four types of insoles(insoles of outdoor shoes, indoor shoes, walking shoes, and sports shoes) via walking trials on the treadmill at a constant speed of 4.2 km/h. The pressure distribution data(contact area, maximum force, maximum peak pressure, and maximum mean pressure) was collected using the pressure device at a sampling rate of 100 Hz. Results of the tests showed that all four types of functional insoles increased contact areas whit the foot. Further, functional insoles of walking shoes and sport shoes decreased the foot pressure. From these results, we conclude that the active materials of functional insoles of shoes can increase the contact area and provide greater comfort.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.343-349
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• 2005

Continuously motivating people to exercise regularly is more important than finding a way out of barriers such as lack of time, cost of equipment, lack of nearby facilities, and poor weather. Our proposed system presents practicable methods of motivation through a diverse exercise aid system. The Health Improvement and Management System (all-in-one system which saves space and maintenance costs) measures and evaluates a diverse body shape analysis and physical fitness test and directs users to automated personalized exercise prescription which is prescribed by the expert system of three types of exercise templates: aerobics, anaerobics, and leisure sports. Automated personalized exercise prescriptions are built into XML based documents because the data needs to be in the form of flexible, expansible, and convertible structures in order to process various exercise templates, BIOFIT, a digital exercise trainer, monitors and provides feedback on the physiological parameters while users are working out in the gymnasium. If these parameters do not range within the prescribed target zone, the device will alarm users to control the exercise and make the exercise trainer adjust systemically the proper exercise level. Numeric health information such as the report of the physical fitness test and the exercise prescription makes people stay interested in exercising. In addition, this service can be delivered through the Internet.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.555-569
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• 2015

During a design process of a protective equipment for sports activities, minimizing movement restrictions is important for enhancing its functions particularly for protection. This study presents a three-dimensional(3D) modeling methodology for designing baseball catcher's leg guards that will allow maximum possible performance, while providing necessary protection. 3D scanning is performed on three positions frequently used by a catcher during the course of a game by putting markings on the subject's legs at 3cm intervals : a standing, a half squat with knees bent to 90 degrees and 120 degrees of knee flexion. Using data obtained from the 3D scan, we analyzed the changes in skin length, radii of curvatures, and cross-sectional shapes, depending on the degree of knee flexion. The results of the analysis were used to decide an on the ideal segmentation of the leg guards by modeling posture. Knee flexions to 90 degrees and to $120^{\circ}$ induced lengthwise extensions than a standing. In particular, the vertical length from the center of the leg increases to a substantially higher degree when compared to those increased from the inner and the outer side of the leg. The degree of extension is varied by positions. Therefore, the leg guards are segmented at points where the rate of increase changed. It resulted in a three-part segmentation of the leg guards at the thigh, the knee, and the shin. Since the 120 degree knee-flexion posture can accommodate other positions as well, the related 3D data are used for modeling Leg Guard (A) with the loft method. At the same time, Leg Guard (B) was modeled with two-part segmentation without separating the knee and the shin as in existing products. A biomechanical analysis of the new design is performed by simulating a 3D dynamic analysis. The analysis revealed that the three-part type (A) leg guards required less energy from the human body than the two-part type (B).

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 2007

The purposes of this study were to summarize the concept of well-being and well-being apartment, to grasp the present condition of apartments which were introduced with well-being elements, and to find out the consumer preferences on well-being elements for apartment planning. Library and internet surveys were performed to summarize the concept of well-being and well-being apartment and to grasp the present condition of apartments which were introduced with well-being elements. Questionnaire survey was carried out from 2nd to 22nd of June 2005, to investigate the preferences on well-being elements for apartment planning. The respondents were 250 residents who are from thirties to fifties and living in urban area. As results, respondents think that 'living for health of body and mind' about concept of well-being and 'certificated apartments by green building rating system' or 'apartments introduced ecological factor' about concept of well-being apartment. They answered that 'yes' about 'Do you have intention to buy well-being apartment?'. The elements in aspect of complex planning having the preference were revealed that promenade for complex design, ecological garden or walking space for landscape design, outdoor exercise space for outdoor design, and security system for foundation equipment. The elements having the preference in aspect of public facilities were fitness room for sports & health facility and study room for cultural facility. The preferred elements in aspect of building and unit design were roof garden for building design, multi-functional room for unit floor plan, natural surface material for interior surface, ventilation system for indoor environment, control system for home automation, and food waste machine for home electronics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.63-76
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• 2015

This study conducted a survey to gauge the buying and wearing propensities of wearers of leg guards made for baseball catchers, as well as product characteristics of preferred leg guards. Data from the survey were analyzed to obtain basic data for the development of an advanced leg guard design. Degree of compression, horizontal distance, cross section view and outline 3D sketch were also analyzed from the 3D data of leg guards; in addition, mobility and kinematic analysis were conducted through a wearing test. The survey indicated that imported products dominate the current retail market because they are appreciated by customers in terms of fit, price, brand, and protection. Representative complaints of products were discomfort, pressure, and the heavy-weight of the leg guards in general attributed to overall structure and 3D shape. When the pressure was lower on the front area of knee, it feels better to wear and the average knee angular velocity during the up and down motion increased, which suggests a better design from a kinematic point of view. The knee is the primary part of the body responsible for any movement of the lower limbs; consequently, the degree of compression and support stability of the leg guards near the knee area are important factors to evaluate the performance of leg guards. The results of our study indicate significant opportunities for improvement in product design and the development of baseball leg guards along with an ergonomic design that considers the mobility of the knee, skin deformations is necessary to improve performance. The process followed in this study will be applicable to studies on other personal protective equipment for sports.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.42-47
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• 2011

Going underwater is supposed to begin with the history of human beings. At first it was confined to relatively shallow level, less than several meters by holding breath. Recently, deep level diving has been necessary for such purpose as construction, maritime salvage, military operations, research and sports by using SCUBA(self-contained underwater breathing apparatus) equipment. As one goes down into water, the pressure on the diver is increased due to water pressure with depth, usually 1 atm for each 10 m water level. In deep water, mixed gas or nitrox(EAN, enriched air nitrox) could be applied for the divers lest they should get disease due to high pressure. Of these, the former is usually composed of oxygen and inert gas like helium or hydrogen, the latter contains higher oxygen content than that in normal air in which the oxygen concentration is designated by the character "EAN" followed by vol. % of oxygen, for example, "EAN 40" contains 40% of oxygen. In this case, a victim was found at the 39 m below the sea surface breathing air and nitrox in cylinder wrongly marked as EAN 36, which was analyzed to contain 63% of oxygen by GC/TCD. The cause of death could not be exactly related with the oxygen content in the nitrox cylinder, because the accurate depth for the victim to dive was not known, even though the victim was just found at the depth of 39 m. However, the wrongly marked nitrox could be believed to be the main cause of the death at the depth unless there happened any other accident except that during diving.