• 대한교통학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.81-93
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• 2011

본 연구는 다수단 교통망에서 교통시설 운영자와 이용자의 상호 의사결정과정을 고려하여 교통시설의 건설 및 운영 정책 문제를 해결하기 위한 다수단 연속형 교통망 설계문제를 다룬다. 특히, 교통시설에 대한 정책변화에 따라 교통수단간 통행이 어떻게 변화하는가를 고려하기 위하여 승용차 교통망과 대중교통 교통망을 함께 고려하고자한다. 이러한 교통망 설계 모형을 개발함에 있어서 일반적인 Nash 균형(비협력 게임)의 접근법이 아닌 좀 더 합리적이라고 연구되어진 Stackelberg 균형(협력적 게임)의 접근법을 이용하고 그러한 방법으로 다수단 교통망의 교통수단 선택을 고려한 민감도 분석 방법을 적용한다. 본 연구의 다수단 연속형 교통망 설계 모형은 교통정책 결정에 대한 임의의 연속형 교통망 설계변수(${\epsilon},\hat{\epsilon},p$)에 대해서 개발되어진다. 또한 모형의 적용 및 평가를 위하여 1)도로 정책에 대한 최적 도로용량 산정과 2)대중교통 정책에 대한 최적 대중교통 노선빈도 산정 그리고 3)교통체계의 수단분담 정책에 대한 현 교통체계의 최적 목표 수단분담율 산정 문제에 모형을 적용하여 본다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제41회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.148-148
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• 2011

Recently, there have been many research activities to develop the large-area plasma source, which is able to generate the high-density plasma with relatively good uniformity, for the plasma processing in the thin-film solar cell and display panel industries. The large-area CCP sources have been applied to the PECVD process as well as the etching. Especially, the PECVD processes for the depositions of various films such as a-Si:H, ${\mu}c$-Si:H, Si3N4, and SiO2 take a significant portion of processes. In order to achieve higher deposition rate (DR), good uniformity in large-area reactor, and good film quality (low defect density, high film strength, etc.), the application of VHF (>40 MHz) CCP is indispensible. However, the electromagnetic wave effect in the VHF CCP becomes an issue to resolve for the achievement of good uniformity of plasma and film. Here, we propose a new electrode as part of a method to resolve the standing wave effect in the large-area VHF CCP. The electrode is split up a series of strip-type electrodes and the strip-type electrodes and the ground ones are arranged by turns. The standing wave effect in the longitudinal direction of the strip-type electrode is reduced by using the multi-feeding method of VHF power and the uniformity in the transverse direction of the electrodes is achieved by controlling the gas flow and the gap length between the powered electrodes and the substrate. Also, we provide the process results for the growths of the a-Si:H and the ${\mu}c$-Si:H films. The high DR (2.4 nm/s for a-Si:H film and 1.5 nm/s for the ${\mu}c$-Si:H film), the controllable crystallinity (~70%) for the ${\mu}c$-Si:H film, and the relatively good uniformity (1% for a-Si:H film and 7% for the ${\mu}c$-Si:H film) can be obtained at the high frequency of 40 MHz in the large-area discharge (280 mm${\times}$540 mm). Finally, we will discuss the issues in expanding the multi-electrode to the 8G class large-area plasma processing (2.2 m${\times}$2.4 m) and in improving the process efficiency.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.123-128
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• 2008

The Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) existing in a water includes both hydrophobic and hydrophilic substances however, most of the discussion focuses on hydrophobic substances. The hydrophobic fraction was easily removed by absorption or coagulation more than hydrophilic fraction. Therefore, control of the hydrophilic fraction is very important in water treatment process. This study is to determine the variation of DOC, the removal efficiency of DOC, and Trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) after each stage of water treatment process by fractionating Natural Organic Matters (NOM) into hydrophobic and hydrophilic substance. DOC from raw water was fractionated at acidic pH (pH<2) using XAD 8 resin column, into two fraction : hydrophobic substance (i.e. humic substance) adsorbed on XAD 8 and hydrophilic substance which represent the organics contained in the final effluent. THMFP was carried out according to the following set condition: Cl2/DOC=4 mg/mg, incubation at $25^{\circ}C$ in darkness, pH 7 adjust with HCl or NaOH as necessary, and 72hour-contact time. THMs analyzed in this study were chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethan, and bromoform. Sewage was almost evenly split between the hydrophobic (56%) and hydrophilic fraction (44%). But, Aldrich humic substance (AHS) was found to contain less hydrophilics (14%) than hydrophobics (86%). The formation of THMs may depend on the source which is characterized by the composition of organic matters such as AHS and sewage. The THMFP yield of sewage and AHS were assessed as follows. The value of the THMFP reaction yield, AHS $172.65{\mu}g/mg$, is much higher than that of sewage $41.68{\mu}g/mg$. This illustrates possible significant difference in THMFP according to the component type and the proportion of organic matter existing in water source. Apparently AHS react with chlorine to produce more THMFP than do the smaller molecules found in sewage. Water treatment process may reduce THMFP, nevertheless residual DOC (the more hydrophilic substance) has significant THMFP. Further reduction in organic halide precursors requires application of alternative treatment techniques.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.113-121
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• 2012

본 논문은 대용량 동영상을 관리하기 위한 빠르고 효율적인 내용기반 중복 동영상 검출 알고리즘을 제안한다. 효율적인 중복 동영상 검출을 위해 대용량의 동영상을 처리하기 쉬운 작은 단위로 나누는 동영상 장면 전환 기반 분할 기술을 적용하였다. 동영상 서비스 및 저작권 보호 관련 사업모델의 경우, 필요한 기술은 아주 작은 구간의 동영상이나 한 장의 영상 을 검색하기보다는 상당한 길이 이상 일치하는 동영상을 파악하는 기술이 필요하다. 이러한 중복 동영상 검출을 위해 본 논문에서 동영상을 장면 전환을 기준으로 분할하여, 나누어진 장면 내에서 움직임 분포 서술자와 대표 프레임을 선택하여 프레임 서술자를 추출한다. 움직임 분포 서술자는 동영상 디코딩 과정에서 얻어지는 매크로 블록의 움직임 벡터를 이용한 장면 내 움직임 분포 히스토그램을 구성하였다. 움직임 분포 서술자는 정합시 고속 정합이 가능하도록 필터링 역할을 한다. 반면 움직임 정보만는 낮은 변별력을 가진다. 이를 높이기 위해 움직임 분포 서술자를 이용하여 정합된 장면 간에 선택된 대표 프레임의 패턴 서술자를 이용하여 동영상의 중복 여부를 최종 판단한다. 제안된 방법은 실제 동영상 서비스 환경에서 우수한 인식률과 낮은 오인식률을 가질 뿐만아니라 실제 적용이 가능할 정도의 빠른 정합 속도를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.18-26
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• 2020

Objectives The aim was to find effective vectorization and classification models to predict a psychiatric diagnosis from text-based medical records. Methods Electronic medical records (n = 494) of present illness were collected retrospectively in inpatient admission notes with three diagnoses of major depressive disorder, type 1 bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Data were split into 400 training data and 94 independent validation data. Data were vectorized by two different models such as term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) and Doc2vec. Machine learning models for classification including stochastic gradient descent, logistic regression, support vector classification, and deep learning (DL) were applied to predict three psychiatric diagnoses. Five-fold cross-validation was used to find an effective model. Metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score were measured for comparison between the models. Results Five-fold cross-validation in training data showed DL model with Doc2vec was the most effective model to predict the diagnosis (accuracy = 0.87, F1-score = 0.87). However, these metrics have been reduced in independent test data set with final working DL models (accuracy = 0.79, F1-score = 0.79), while the model of logistic regression and support vector machine with Doc2vec showed slightly better performance (accuracy = 0.80, F1-score = 0.80) than the DL models with Doc2vec and others with TF-IDF. Conclusions The current results suggest that the vectorization may have more impact on the performance of classification than the machine learning model. However, data set had a number of limitations including small sample size, imbalance among the category, and its generalizability. With this regard, the need for research with multi-sites and large samples is suggested to improve the machine learning models.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.752-757
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• 2017

새로운 공정으로 제작한 금속판재(MMC)가 운동에너지탄을 막는 부가방호구조로 적용가능성을 확인하기 위해 고속충돌시험 및 수치계산으로 평가연구를 수행하였다. 충돌속도는 1.3 km/s 이상에서 우선적으로 수직충돌상황만 고려하였다. 연강의 반무한판에 대한 침투깊이를 기준값으로 설정하고 새로운 부가장갑을 설치하는 경우에 대해 침투깊이 및 질량효율을 비교 검토하였다. MMC판재의 제작은 한국재료연구소에서 이루어졌으며, 이 재료에 대한 고속변형 물성은 포항공과대학에서 수행되었다. 결과는 다음과 같이 요약된다. (1) 연강 반무한판에 세라믹 판재를 부가하는 것만으로도 방호성능 감소 없이 중량이득이 나타난다. (2) 세라믹 판재 앞뒷면에 연성의 금속을 추가 부가하면 중량 증대 없이도 방호성능은 다소 증가하였다. 이는 세라믹을 감싸는 효과가 일부 나타난 것으로 판단된다. (3) 세라믹 판재 앞뒷면에 부가된 연성의 금속을 MMC로 변경한 경우 방호성능 감소 없이 방호성능이 추가적으로 다소 증대되었다. 이것은 단순 연성의 금속보다는 연성과 취성을 모두 지니는 MMC가 바람직한 역할을 수행하였다고 보인다. 즉 세라믹을 감싸는 encapsule 효과 및 탄 저지력이 우수한 세라믹의 취성이 동시에 나타남을 의미한다. (4) 마지막으로 현재의 자료만으로는 강화재로 SiC와 B4C중에 우열을 가리기에는 미소한 차이만 발생하기에 부족함이 있다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2002년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.65-65
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• 2002

In remote sensing, images are acquired over the same area by sensors of different spectral ranges (from the visible to the microwave) and/or with different number, position, and width of spectral bands. These images are generally partially redundant, as they represent the same scene, and partially complementary. For many applications of image classification, the information provided by a single sensor is often incomplete or imprecise resulting in misclassification. Fusion with redundant data can draw more consistent inferences for the interpretation of the scene, and can then improve classification accuracy. The common approach to the classification of multisensor data as a data fusion scheme at pixel level is to concatenate the data into one vector as if they were measurements from a single sensor. The multiband data acquired by a single multispectral sensor or by two or more different sensors are not completely independent, and a certain degree of informative overlap may exist between the observation spaces of the different bands. This dependence may make the data less informative and should be properly modeled in the analysis so that its effect can be eliminated. For modeling and eliminating the effect of such dependence, this study employs a strategy using self and conditional information variation measures. The self information variation reflects the self certainty of the individual bands, while the conditional information variation reflects the degree of dependence of the different bands. One data set might be very less reliable than others in the analysis and even exacerbate the classification results. The unreliable data set should be excluded in the analysis. To account for this, the self information variation is utilized to measure the degrees of reliability. The team of positively dependent bands can gather more information jointly than the team of independent ones. But, when bands are negatively dependent, the combined analysis of these bands may give worse information. Using the conditional information variation measure, the multiband data are split into two or more subsets according the dependence between the bands. Each subsets are classified separately, and a data fusion scheme at decision level is applied to integrate the individual classification results. In this study. a two-level algorithm using hierarchical clustering procedure is used for unsupervised image classification. Hierarchical clustering algorithm is based on similarity measures between all pairs of candidates being considered for merging. In the first level, the image is partitioned as any number of regions which are sets of spatially contiguous pixels so that no union of adjacent regions is statistically uniform. The regions resulted from the low level are clustered into a parsimonious number of groups according to their statistical characteristics. The algorithm has been applied to satellite multispectral data and airbone SAR data.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.79-84
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• 1977

수도(水稻)에 대(對)한 가리추비(加里追肥)의 효과(效果)를 재확인(再確認)하고 추비용(追肥用) NK 복비(複肥)의 필요여부(必要與否)를 검토(檢討)하고자 수도품종(水稻品種) AKIBARE를 가지고 몇가지 시제(試製) NK 복비(複肥)의 비효(肥效)를 단비(單肥)(요소(尿素)와 염화가리(鹽化加里))와 대비(對比)하여 포장시험(圃場試驗)을 하였으며 이 시험(試驗)에서 얻어진 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 수도(水稻)에 대(對)한 가리추비(加里追肥)의 효과(效果)는 현저(顯著)하여서 무가리구(無加里區)의 수량(收量)에 대(對)하여 가리(加里)를 전량기비(全量基肥)로 시용(施用)한 구(區)의 수량(收量)은 유의성(有意性)있는 증수(增收)를 못하였으나 염화가리(鹽化加里) 또는 NK 복비(複肥)를 기(基)(2/3)추(追)(1/3)비(肥)에 분시(分施)한 구(區)에서는 유의성(有意性)있는 증수(增收)를 하였다. 2. 소두대(小豆大)로 조립(造粒)한 NK복비(複肥)는 비효(肥效)가 늦어서 수비(穗肥)로 했을때는 증수효과(增收效果)가 적고 유효분벽비(有效分蘗肥)로 했을때는 증수효과(增收效果)가 있었다. 3. 수도(水稻)에 대(對)한 추비용(追肥用) NK 립상복비(粒狀複肥)는 더 세립(細粒)으로하여 용해(溶解)를 촉진(促進)하거나 아니면 수비기(穗肥期)보다 일찍 시용(施用)해야 할 것 같다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 1971

몇가지 미량원소(微量元素)(Mn, Cu, Zn, B)를 혼합(混合)한 시판(市販) 규산질비료(珪酸質肥料)의 추답토양(秋畓土壤)에 대(對)한 개량제(改良劑)로서의 효과(效果)와 인산질비료(燐酸質肥料)의 비효(肥效) 증진(增進)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같았다. 1. 개량제(改良劑)로서의 시용(施用) 효과(效果)가 현저(顯著)하였다. 대조구(對照區)의 정조수량(精粗收量) 462kg/10a에 비하여 개량제처(改良劑處) 이구(理區)는 560kg/10a 로 이는 천립중(千粒重), 등숙비(登熟比), 임실률(稔實率) 및 수당입수(穗當粒數)가 개량제(改良劑)의 처리(處理)에 의(依)해 각각(各各) 증가(增加)한 때문인 것 같다. 2. 개량제(改良濟)의 처리(處理)에 의(依)해 인산(燐酸)의 비효(肥效)가 증대(增大)되는 경향(傾向)이었다. 인산(燐酸)의 시비량(施肥量) 증가(增加)에 의(依)해 천립중(千粒重), 임실률(稔實率), 등숙비(登熟比)가 증가(增加)되었으며 특(特)히 대조구(對照區)의 임실률(稔實率)이 크게 증가(增加)되었다. 3. 인산(燐酸)의 시용(施用)은 수도(水稻)의 생육(生育)을 촉진(促進)하고 개량제(改良劑)의 시용(施用)은 생육(生育)을 억제(抑制)하는 경향(傾向)이 었으며 결과적(結果的)으로 개량제(改良劑)의 시용(施用)에 의(依)해 무효분얼(無效分蘖)의 발생(發生)이 억제(抑制)되었다. 4. 개량제(改良劑)의 시용(施用)에 의(依)해 식물체중(植物體中)의 규산(珪酸)과 망강의 함량(含量)은 증가(增加)하고 인산(燐酸), 동(銅), 아연(亞鉛)의 함량(含量)은 감소(減少)되었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.456-463
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of granular type of silicate fertilizer on watermelon growth, yield, and characteristics of soil in the greenhouse. Four different levels of silicate fertilizer, 0(control), 600, 1,200, $1,800kg\;ha^{-1}$ were applied for experiment. The silicate fertilizer was applied as a basal fertilization before transplanting watermelon. Compost and basal fertilizers were applied based on the standard fertilizer recommendation rate with soil testing. All of the recommended $P_2O_5$ and 50% of N and $K_2O$ were applied as a basal fertilization. The N and $K_2O$ as additional fertilization was split-applied twice by fertigation method. Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb.) cultivar was 'Sam-Bok-KKuol and main stem was from rootstock (bottle gourd: Lagenaria leucantha Standl.) 'Bul-Ro-Jang-Sang'. The watermelon was transplanted on April, 15. Soil chemical properties, such as soil pH, EC, available phosphate and exchangeable K, Mg, and available $SiO_2$ levels increased compared to the control, while EC was similar and the concentrations of soil organic matter decreased. Physical properties of soils, such as soil bulk density and porosity were not different among treatments. The growth characteristics of watermelon, such as stem diameter, fresh and dry weight of watermelon at harvest were thicker and heavier for silicate treatment than the control, while number of node was shorter than the control. Merchantable watermelon increased by 3-5% compared to the control and sugar content was 0.4 to $0.7^{\circ}Brix$ higher than the control. These results suggest that silicate fertilizer application in the greenhouse can improve some chemical properties of soils and watermelon stem diameter and dry weight, which are contributed to watermelon quality and marketable watermelon production.