• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.41-46
• /
• 2004

Mancozeb, a polymeric complex of zinc and manganese salts of ethylene bisthiocarbamate (EBDC), is used widely in agriculture as fungicides, insecticides, and herbicides. Mancozeb can be occupationally and environmentally exposed to human and has been reported to induce estrogenic activity, therein it is considered as an endocrine disrupter, We investigated the effects of acute exposure of Mancozeb on the immune function in mice. After single oral administration of Mancozeb to female ICR mice, the immunopathological parameters (body- and organ-weight, splenic cellularity hematological parameters), mitogen (Con A, PHA+IL-2, LPS)-induced splenocyte proliferation (SP) and splenic IgM plaque forming cell (PFC). WBC and splenic cellularity were decreased, but liver-, kidney-, and spleen-weight were increased when compared with control group. Splenic IgM PFC against SRBC was slightly lowered. Mitogen-induced proliferation of spleen cells from Mancozeb-treated mice was not signifcantly changed ex vivo, however, SP in vitro were significantly lowered in concentration dependent manner. These results indicate that Mancozeb could affect the immune function in mice.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.45 no.1
• /
• pp.55-63
• /
• 2001

In order to investigate the effects of bisphenol A (BPA) on immune system in mice we examined the various immunological parameters. After single oral administration of BPA to female ICR mice, the weights of bodies and lymphoid organs, splenic cellularity and hematological parameters were examined on day 2 and 7. Among them WBC and splenic cellularity were slightly decreased on day 2. To assess the effects of BPA on humoral immune responses, splenic IgM plaque forming cell (PFC) and serum IgM were assayed. When BPA was administered after immunization with SRBC, but not before immunization, IgM PFC against SRBC was significantly lowered in a dose dependent manner. Serum IgM level was also decreased on day 4 when high dose (2000 mg/kg) of BPA was administrated after injection of OVA-antigen. The indexes of splenocyte proliferation (SP) to concanavalin A (Con A) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were measured in vitro by MTT assay. At low concentration BPA slightly increased splenocyte proliferation but at higher concentration it showed significant inhibitory effects on cell proliferation. Mitogen-stimulated SP was also determined with spleen cells from BPA treated mice. Con A-induced SP was slightly decreased and LPS-induced SP was especially inhibited at 1000 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg of BPA. These results indicate that BPA is able to acutly evoke humoral and cell mediated immune suppression in mice.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.260-267
• /
• 1995

A lectin from the edible mushroom, Lentinus edodes, was purified through physiological saline extraction, ammonium sulfate fractionation and column chromatographies. On polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, 0.05M fraction from hydroxyapatite column exhibited adjacent four sharp bands. The partially purified lectin agglutinated the erythrocytes of rabbit, mouse and rat, but not agglutinated human erythrocytes. The lectin's mitogenic effects were tested by its application to human and murine splenic lymphocytes. The results showed that the 0.05M fraction from hydroxyapatite was mitogenic, and the optimal dose of Lentinus edodes lectin was slightly lower than Con A by the culture with murine splenic and human peripheral lymphocytes. Meanwhile, its ability to agglutinate transformed cells was tested by its administration to continuous cell lines L1210 and HeLa cells. The leetin was found to be an agglutinin of tumor cell lines tested by L1210 and HeLa cells.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.370-378
• /
• 1991

Effects of squalene on humoral immune system in mice were investigated. Squalene exhibited significant increases in the circulating leukocyte counts and relative spleen and thymus weights of the mice. However, the relative liver weight was slightly decreased. Hemagglutination titers (HA) were signficantly enhanced by squalene while Arthus reaction was not affected. Splenic plaque forming cells (PFC) were also greatly increased by squalene, especially at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg of it.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.49 no.2
• /
• pp.191-194
• /
• 2011

Sparganosis is a tissue invading helminthiasis infecting intermediate hosts, including humans. Strong immune responses are expected to occur in early phases of infection. Thus, we investigated cytokine expressions in splenic dendritic cells and in sera after experimental infection of mice. In splenic dendritic cells, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ expression peaked at week 1 and week 3 post -infection (PI), respectively, and also early phase (week 2 PI) depressed cytokine expression was noticed. Serum IL-$1{\beta}$ concentration increased significantly at week 2 PI and peaked at week 6 PI, and that of TNF-${\alpha}$ peaked at week 6 PI. These results showed that pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$, are chronologically regulated in mouse sparganosis.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.51 no.4
• /
• pp.270-276
• /
• 2007

Silybin is known to be a major active flavonoid component isolated from Silybum marianum, a hepatoprotective medicinal plant. In this study, we examined the immunomodulatory role of silybin on T cell and macrophage-mediated immune responses. To do this, the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes and CD8+ CTLL-2 cells under mitogenic stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), concanavalin (Con) A and interleukin (IL)-2 and the production of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and NO from LPS- and $IFN-{\gamma}$-activated macrophages was evaluated under silybin treatment. The mitogenic proliferation of splenic lymphocytes induced by LPS and Con A was strongly diminished by silybin in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the proliferation of CD8+ CTLL-2 cells was also negatively modulated by the compound. In contrast, silybin did not strongly suppress the proliferation of normal splenocytes and T cell line Sup-T1 cells, indicating that the inhibitory effect of silybin may be due to blocking only mitogenic responses of splenic lymphocytes. In addition, silybin inhibited $TNF-{\alpha}$ production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Effect of silybin however was distinct, according to NO-inducing stimuli. Thus, silybin only blocked NO production induced by $IFN-{\gamma}$ but not LPS and the inhibition was increased when PMA was co-treated with $IFN-{\gamma}$. Unlike NO inhibition, however, this compound protected the cytotoxic damage of RAW264.7 cells induced by both LPS and $IFN-{\gamma}$. Therefore, our data suggest that silybin may participate in host immune responses mediated by T cells and macrophages via regulating mitogenic proliferation, and the production of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and NO, depending on cellular stimuli.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
• /
• v.5
• /
• pp.197-207
• /
• 1996

As a mood-altering drug, long-term alcohol consumption have significant harmful effects on the human body and people's mental functioning. This study observed that the suppression of cell mediated immunity induced in spleen of ICR mouse by long-term alcohol administration. After 8% alcohol voluntary administered for 120 days, the splenic tissue irnmunohistochemically stained by following ABC method that used monoclonal antibody including L3T4(CD4), Ly-2(CD8), IL-2 receptor(CD25R) and NK-1.1(CD56) after embedding with paraffin. The results were as follows. 1. The size of marginal zone in splenic white pulp was diminished and the number of macrophage in marginal zone was decreased in test group than control group. 2. After alcohol administration, the number of Helper T lymphocyte, cytotoxic T lymphocyte, and IL-2 receptor were decreased in periarterial lymphatic sheaths of white pulp and penicilla artery of red pulp and the degree of CD4, CD8, and CD25R positive reaction were soften. 3. In test group, the number of NK cell were decreased. These results indicated that the secretion of lymphokine as IL-2 was inhibited by long-term alcohol administration and subsequently prevent to activate and proliferate splenic T lymphocytes and NK cells as cell mediated immunity component.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.50 no.1
• /
• pp.29-35
• /
• 2012

The aim of the study is to characterize the phenotypes of $CD4^+$ $CD25^+$ T regulatory cells within the liver granulomas and association with both Foxp-3 gene expression and splenic cytokines. Naive C57BL/6 mice were intravenously injected with multiple doses of the soluble egg antigen (SEA) 7 days before cercarial infection. The immunized and infected control groups were sacrificed 8 and 16 weeks post-infection (PI). Histopathology, parasitological parameters, splenic phenotypes for T regulatory cells, the FOXP-3 expression in hepatic granuloma using real-time PCR, and the associated splenic cytokines were studied. Histopathological examination of the liver revealed remarkable increase in degenerated ova within hepatic granuloma which decreased in diameter at weeks 8 and 16 PI ($P$<0.01). The percentage of T regulatory cells ($CD4^+$ $CD25^+$) increased significantly ($P$<0.01) in the immunized group compared to the infected control at weeks 8 and 16 PI. The FOXP-3 expression in hepatic granulomas increased from 10 at week 8 to 30 fold at week 16 PI in the infected control group. However, its expression in the immunized group showed an increase from 30 at week 8 to 70 fold at week 16 PI. The splenic cytokine levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IFN-${\gamma}$, IL-4, and TNF-${\alpha}$, showed significant decreases ($P$<0.05) compared to the infected control group. In conclusion, the magnitude and phenotype of the egg-induced effects on T helper responses were found to be controlled by a parallel response within the T regulatory population which provides protection in worm parasite-induced immunopathology.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.125-138
• /
• 1998

To evaluate the radioprotective effects of Bujeongsaengjintang studies were done experimentally. The results were obtained as follows: 1. WBC, Platelet and RBC were significantly increased in Bujeongsaengjintang treated group as compared with control group after exposure to radiation by Liniac. 2. By FACS analysis of splenic leukocyte after exposure to radiation by Liniac, T cell, T-helper cell and macrophase were significantly increased in Bujeongsaengjintang treated group. 3. In histological changes of ileum and jejunum of Balb/C mice after exposure to radiation by Liniac, exclusion and fusion of villi were decreased in Bujeongsaengjintang treated group as compared with control group. From above results, it is suggested that Bujeongsaengjintang is available to a clinic for the protection from damage by radiotherapy to cancer.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.159-182
• /
• 1997

This study was carried out to prove the effects of GMBT on the proliferation of splenic lymphocyte, active change of macrophage, T cell and B cell in continuous medication GMBT. The result were obtained as follows : 1. GMBT promote proliferation of splenic lymphocyte in vitro. 2. GMBT pretreated group was showed higher immune response than control group. 3. GMBT was not a rising effect in Con A but a rising effect in PHA. 4. GMBT treated group had highly producted more than 70% NO quality compared with control group. 5. GMBT was twice effect compared with control group in antibody production capacity of SRBC but meaningless m that of Anti-HBs Titer.