• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 1998.05a
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• pp.394-399
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• 1998

This paper describes the application of a coupled finite element-boundary element method to obtain the steady-state response of a hydrophone. The particular structure considered is a flooded piezoelectric spherical shell. The hydrophone is three-dimensionally simulated to transduce an incident plane acoustic pressure onto the outer surface of the sonar spherical shell to electrical potentials on inner and outer surfaces of the shell. The acoustic field formed from the scattered sound pressure is also simulated. And the displacement of the shell caused by the externally incident acosutic pressure is shown in temporal motion. The coupled FE-BE method is described in detail.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.85 no.6
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• pp.809-823
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• 2023

In this work, dynamic stability analysis of the ball after contacting with the earth in the volleyball game is presented. Via spherical shell coordinate, the governing equations and general boundary conditions of the ball after contacting with the earth in the volleyball game is studied. Via Comsol multi-physics simulation, some results are presented and a verification between the outcomes is studied. Harmonic differential quadrature method (HDQM) is utilized to solve the dynamic equations with the aid of boundary nodes of the current spherical shell structure. Finally, the results demonstrated that thickness, mass of the ball and internal pressure of the ball alters the frequency response of the structure. One important results of this study is influence of the internal pressure. Higher internal pressure causes lower frequency and hence reduces the stability of the ball.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.60.2-60.2
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• 2014

The dust cloud around ${\lambda}$-Orionis is seen to be circular symmetric with the large angular extent (${\sim}8^{\circ}$). However, whether the three dimensional structure of the cloud is shell or torus ring is not yet fully resolved. We studied the structure of the dust cloud using a three-dimensional Monte-Carlo simulation code, MoCafe (Monte Carlo radiative transfer). The dust density structure of the cloud was inferred based on the star-count method. We assumed that the cloud is a spherical shell or a torus ring and calculated the radial profiles of scattered light originating from a central OB association. Comparison of the results with the S2/68 ultraviolet observations indicates that the cloud is a spherical shell. We also compared the Av map around ${\lambda}$-Orionis with the optical depth obtained based on the star-count.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.225-246
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• 2014

The present paper develops piezo-thermo-elastic analysis of a thick spherical shell for generalized functionally graded piezoelectric material. The assumed structure is loaded under thermal, electrical and mechanical loads. The mechanical, thermal and electrical properties are graded along the radial direction based on a power function with three different non homogenous indexes. Primarily, the non homogenous heat transfer equation is solved by applying the general boundary conditions, individually. Substitution of stress, strain, electrical displacement and material properties in equilibrium and Maxwell equations present two non homogenous differential equation of order two. The main objective of the present study is to improve the relations between mechanical and electrical loads in hollow spherical shells especially for functionally graded piezoelectric materials. The obtained results can evaluate the effect of every non homogenous parameter on the mechanical and electrical components.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.377-385
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• 1998

This paper describes the application of a coupled finite element-boundary element method to obtain the steady-state response of a hydrophone. The particular structure considered is a flooded piezoelectric spherical shell. The hydrophone is three-dimensionally simulated to transduce an incident plane acoustic pressure onto the outer surface of the sonar spherical shell to electrical potentials on inner and outer surfaces of the shell. The acoustic field formed from the scattered sound pressure is also simulated. And the displacement of the shell caused by the externally incident acoustic pressure is shown in temporal motion. The coupled FE-BE method is described in detail.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.31.2-31.2
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• 2011

We studied a method of manufacturing an anode to restrict contraction in reducing NiO/YSZ by uniformly mixing. In order to mix Ni and YSZ, a sub-micron Ni core surface was coated at high-speed by a mixture of nano-sized YSZ and a spherical core-shell was subsequently formed. The micron-sized core-shell anode powder was then heat treated at $400{\sim}1,450^{\circ}C$ in an air atmosphere and Ni was extruded and synthesized in nano-size. Subsequently, when the nano-sized mixture of the anode was heat treated and maintained at a temperature of $1,450^{\circ}C$, the anode was manufactured, where Ni and YSZ were uniformly distributed with the nano-structure. According to the nano-sized anode powder synthesis process, Ni particles were oxidized at $400{\sim}500^{\circ}C$ and became spherical by surface tension. In the case of the spherical core Ni powder, the heat treatment temperature rose to $1,250^{\circ}C$ and then a gap between the internal and external pressures occurred due to thermal and tensile stresses. A crack subsequently appeared on the surface, and the heat treatment temperature was increased continuously to increase the pressure gap and then the core Ni extruded as a nano-sized powder, Ni and YSZ uniformly distributed. It was found that the anode of 50~200 nm with a consistent structure obtained in this study has electric conductivity that is approximately 3 times larger than that of a commercial anode.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.447-453
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• 2011

The monodisperse spherical $SiO_2$ particles were overcoated with $Y_2O_3:Eu^{3+}$ phosphor layers via a Pechini sol-gel process and the resulting $SiO_2@Y_2O_3:Eu^{3+}$ core-shell phosphors were subsequently annealed at $800^{\circ}C$ at an ambient atmosphere. The crystallographic structure, morphology, and luminescent property of core-shell structured $SiO_2@Y_2O_3:Eu^{3+}$ phosphors were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and photoluminescence (PL). The spherical, nonagglomerated $SiO_2$ particles prepared by a Stober method exhibited a relatively narrow size distribution in the range of 260-300 nm. The thickness of phosphor shell layer in the core-shell particles can be facilely controlled by varying the coating number of $Y_2O_3:Eu^{3+}$ phosphors. The core-shell structured $SiO_2@Y_2O_3:Eu^{3+}$ phosphors showed a strong red emission, which was dominated by the $^5D_0-^7F_2$ transition (610 nm) of $Eu^{3+}$ ion under the ultraviolet excitation (263 nm). The PL emission properties of $SiO_2@Y_2O_3:Eu^{3+}$ phosphors were also compared with pure $Y_2O_3:Eu^{3+}$ nanophosphors.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.529-534
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• 2002

The receptance method was applied for the analysis of a cylindrical shell with a curvaturated plate attached at the top of the shell. The boundary conditions of the shell considered here were clamped at the bottom and free at the top of the shell. Before the analysis of the shell/plate combined structure, the natural frequencies of the plate and the shell were calculated separately and then they were used in the calculation of the frequencies of the combined structure by the receptance method. The frequency equation of the combined structure was derived from the continuity condition at the junction of the shell and the plate. The frequencies for various curvature factors of the plate were presented and compared with those from ANSYS to show its validity of the present method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.79-92
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• 1992

This is analyzed using the finite element method which is appling excellent isoparametric curve element in the aspect of large usages of dynamic responses in which is regarding geometric and material nonlinear of a large scale shell structure of an airplane, a submarine, a ship, and an ocean structure. The solution of dynamic equations is got by direct integration method using time-stepping procedure and regarding Central Difference Method of the both solutions. But because formal matrix factorization is not necessary in each time step and it does not take less time to compute relatively, this method must be regarded very few time steps on the condition. Axisymmatric shell problems are inspected using 8 node Isoparametric element in this paper. Partial axisymmatric spherical shell is used as a model to analyze axisymmatric nonlinear dynamic behavior regarding. Total Lagrangian formulation in geometric nonlinear behavior and elastio-viscoplastic in material nonlinear behavior.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 1998

This article describes the application of a coupled finite element-boundary element method to obtain the steady-state response of a sonar transducer. The particular structure considered is a flooded piezoelectric spherical shell. The sonar shell is simulated to be driven by electrical charges applied onto inner and outer surfaces of the shell. It is shown that at relatively low input frequency a beam pattern which is almost close to omnidirection can be obtained. The coupled FE-BE method is described in detail.